Strike in Baixa do Cassange

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Baixa de Cassanje revolt
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History of Angola
Portuguese province
 1951–1961
War of Independence 1961–1974
Sovereign socialist state 1975–1992
Civil War 1975–2002
Post-war Angola’s
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Years in Angola

The strike in Baixa do Cassange (

Baixa do Cassanje, district of Malanje, Portuguese Angola. By the following day, the Portuguese authorities had successfully suppressed the revolt.[1][failed verification] 4 January is now Colonial Martyrs Repression Day (Dia dos Mártires da Repressão Colonial), a national holiday in Angola.[2]

Revolts

3 January

On 3 January 1961, agricultural workers employed by

People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) claimed that the air raid killed some ten thousand people, most estimates range from 400 to as many as 7,000 killed.[4][5] Colonial Martyrs Repression Day is commemorated each year with a public holiday on 4 January.[6][7]

15 March

On 15 March, two months later, the União das Populações de Angola (UPA), led by

Bakongo region of northern Angola. Angolan Bantu farmers and coffee-plantation workers joined the uprising and, in a frenzy of rage, killed some 1,000 white Angolans in a few days, together with an unknown number of natives.[8] The rioters burned plantations, bridges, government facilities, and police stations, and destroyed several barges and ferries.[8] Graphic images of raped and mutilated settlers inflamed the Portuguese public, and the Portuguese Army instituted a counter-insurgency campaign that destroyed dozens of villages and killed some 20,000 people before the uprising was put down in September 1961.[8][9]

References

  1. ^ a b Manuel Jerónimo (2008). "Angola: "Baixa De Kassanje" Massacre Turns 47 Years". Angola Press Agency via allAfrica. Retrieved 5 January 2008.
  2. ^ "Angolans celebrate Colonial Martyrs Repression Day". Agênica Angola Press. 4 January 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  3. ISBN 0-415-35015-8
    (2005), p. 9
  4. ISBN 0-7453-1029-X
    , 9780745310299 (1997), pp. 5–6
  5. ISBN 0-415-35015-8
    (2005) p. 9: Some sources state as many as 7,000 Angolans were killed in the air raids.
  6. ^ "Business Practices in Angola". Lloyds Bank. December 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  7. ISBN 978-1-5381-1123-9
    . Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  8. ^
    ISBN 0-415-35015-8
    (2005) pp. 9–10
  9. ISBN 0-8021-4068-8
    (2004), p. 143: Commenting on the incursion, Roberto said, "This time the slaves did not cower. They massacred everything."

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