Baniyas

Coordinates: 35°10′56″N 35°56′25″E / 35.18222°N 35.94028°E / 35.18222; 35.94028
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Balanea
)
This article is about the port city in Syria. For other uses, see Baniyas (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Banias.
For Baniya Gurjar clan, see Baniya (clan).
Baniyas
بَانِيَاس
City
Csa

Baniyas (

Tartous
.

It is known for its citrus fruit orchards and its export of wood. North of the city is an oil refinery, one of the largest in Syria, and a power station. The oil refinery is connected with Iraq by the Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline (now defunct).

On a nearby hill stands the

Crusader castle of Margat (Qalaat el-Marqab), a huge Knights Hospitaller fortress built with black basalt
stone.

History

Ancient

In

Syria.[2] In Greek and Latin
, it is known as Balanaea or Balanea (Βαλανέαι).

Modern

See also: Siege of Baniyas

During the early 21st century Syrian civil war, rebel sources reported that a massacre took place on 2 May 2013, perpetrated by regime forces.[3] On 3 May,[4] another massacre was, according to SOHR, perpetrated in the Ras al-Nabaa district of Baniyas causing hundreds of Sunni residents to flee their homes.[5] According to one opposition report, a total of 77 civilians, including 14 children, were killed.[6] Another two opposition groups documented, by name, 96–145 people who are thought to have been executed in the district.[7][8] Four pro-government militiamen and two soldiers were also killed in the area in clashes with rebel fighters.[9]

Climate

Baniyas has a

hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification
Csa). Rainfall is higher in winter than in summer. The average annual temperature in Baniyas is 19.3 °C (66.7 °F). About 862 mm (33.94 in) of precipitation falls annually.

Climate data for Baniyas
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		18.7
(65.7) 		22.3
(72.1) 		25.9
(78.6) 		29.1
(84.4) 		30.7
(87.3) 		31.6
(88.9) 		30.3
(86.5) 		27.5
(81.5) 		22.6
(72.7) 		16.8
(62.2) 		23.9
(75.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7) 		8.0
(46.4) 		9.9
(49.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		15.6
(60.1) 		19.3
(66.7) 		21.9
(71.4) 		22.2
(72.0) 		19.9
(67.8) 		17.3
(63.1) 		12.6
(54.7) 		9.2
(48.6) 		14.7
(58.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 159
(6.3) 		147
(5.8) 		123
(4.8) 		50
(2.0) 		26
(1.0) 		2
(0.1) 		1
(0.0) 		1
(0.0) 		12
(0.5) 		49
(1.9) 		94
(3.7) 		198
(7.8) 		862
(33.9)
Source: Climate-Data.org,Climate data

Bishopric

The bishopric of Balanea was a

Syria Secunda, as is attested in a 6th-century Notitiae Episcopatuum.[10] When Justinian established a new civil province, Theodorias, with Laodicea as metropolis, Balanea was incorporated into it, but continued to depend ecclesiastically on Apamea, till it obtained the status of an exempt bishopric directly subject to the Patriarch of Antioch.[2]

Its first known bishop, Euphration, took part in the

Justinian against Severus of Antioch and other non-Chalcedonians. Stephanus participated in the Second Council of Constantinople in 553.[11][12]

During the

metropolitan see of Apamea, whose archbishop intervened in the nomination of bishops of the suffragan see in 1198 and 1215.[13][14][15] For reasons of security, the bishop lived in Margat Castle.[2]

No longer a residential bishopric, Balanea is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[16]

People

  • Syrian Civil War activist.[17]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baniyas.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Vailhé, Siméon (1907). "Balanaea". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

  1. ^ Strabo, Geographica, 16.2.12 (Greek source and English translation)
  2. ^ a b c Siméon Vailhé, "Balanaea" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1907)
  3. ^ "Syrians flee 'massacres' in Baniyas and al-Bayda," BBC (4 May 2013). Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  4. ^ "At least 62 bodies found in Syria's Banias: watchdog". Bangkokpost.com. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  5. ^ "Syrians flee coastal town after mass killings". Aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  6. ^ Jim Muir (2013-05-04). "Syrians flee 'massacres' in Baniyas and al-Bayda". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  7. ^ The Violations Documenting Center in Syria. "VDC Martyrs". Vdc-sy.info. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  8. ^ "145 civilians (34 children, 40 women, 71 men) killed in the Banias massacre". Facebook.com. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  9. ^ "Death toll for Friday 3/5/2013: More than 130 people killed yesterday in Syria". Facebook.com. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  10. ^ Echos d'Orient 1907, p. 94.
  11. ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 921-924
  12. ^ Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 436
  13. ^ Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 8, p. 139
  14. ^ Jean Richard, Note sur l'archidiocèse d'Apamée et les conquêtes de Raymond de Saint-Gilles en Syrie du Nord, in Syria. Archéologie, Art et histoire, Year 1946, Volume 25, n° 1, pp. 103–108 (especially p. 107)
  15. ^ Du Cange, Les familles d’outre-mer, Paris 1869, p. 814
  16. ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1
    ), p. 845
  17. ^ Free Syrian Translators: Faces from the Syrian Revolution: Anas Al-Sheghri

35°10′56″N 35°56′25″E / 35.18222°N 35.94028°E / 35.18222; 35.94028

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