Bamyan Province

Coordinates: 34°45′N 67°15′E / 34.75°N 67.25°E / 34.75; 67.25
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This article is about the province in Afghanistan. For the capital city, see Bamyan. For other uses, see Bamyan (disambiguation).

Bamyan
بامیان
Hazaragi

Bamyan Province also spelled Bamiyan, Bāmīān or Bāmyān (Persian: ولایت بامیان)[5] is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan with the city of Bamyan as its center, located in central parts of Afghanistan.

The terrain in Bamyan is mountainous or semi-mountainous, at the western end of the

Hazara
ethnic group that predominates in the area.

It was a center of commerce and Buddhism in the 4th and 5th centuries.[5] In antiquity, central Afghanistan was strategically placed to thrive from the Silk Road caravans that crisscrossed the region, trading between the Roman Empire, Han Dynasty, Central Asia, and South Asia. Bamyan was a stopping-off point for many travelers. It was here that elements of Greek and Buddhist art were combined into a unique classical style known as Greco-Buddhist art.

The province has several famous historical sites, including the now-destroyed Buddhas of Bamiyan, around which are more than 3,000 caves, the Band-e Amir National Park, Dara-e Ajhdar, Gholghola and Zuhak ancient towns, the Feroz Bahar, Astopa, Klegan, Gaohargin, Kaferan and Cheldukhtaran.

History

Further information: History of Afghanistan

Ancient

Archaeological exploration done in the 20th century suggests that the geographical area of Afghanistan has been closely connected by culture and trade with its neighbors to the east, west, and north. Artifacts typical of the

Indus Valley civilization.[8]

After 2000 BC, successive waves of semi-nomadic people from Central Asia began moving south into Afghanistan; among them were many Indo-European-speaking Indo-Iranians.[9] These tribes later migrated further south to India, west to what is now Iran, and towards Europe via the area north of the Caspian Sea.[10] The region as a whole was called Ariana.[9][11][12]

Bamyan Murals inside Buddah

The people shared similar culture with other Indo-Iranians. The ancient religion of Kafiristan survived here until the 19th century. Another religion, Zoroastrianism is believed by some to have originated in what is now Afghanistan between 1800 and 800 BC, as its founder Zoroaster is thought to have lived and died in Balkh.[13][14][15] Ancient Eastern Iranian languages may have been spoken in the region around the time of the rise of Zoroastrianism.

By the middle of the 6th century BC, the

Darius I of Persia mentions the Kabul Valley in a list of the 29 countries that he had conquered.[16]

In 330 BC,

Islamic conquest of Afghanistan
.

Afghanistan's significant ancient tangible and intangible

World Heritage Sites
.

By the 7th century, when the Arabs first arrived, it was under the control of the

Timurids and Mughals.[citation needed
]

In 1709, when the

Hotaki dynasty rose to power in Kandahar and defeated the Persian Safavids, Bamyan was under the Mughal Empire influence until Ahmad Shah Durrani made it become part of the Afghan Durrani Empire, which became what is now the modern state of Afghanistan.[citation needed
]

20th century

In the 1980s, during the

Soviet-Afghan War, the Hazara rebel leader Abdul Ali Mazari began a resistance movement against the Soviets in the region, Shura-e-Itifaq-e-Islami. In the early 1990s, there was an agreement to run Bamyan under a council of "local ethnic and political groups".[20]

Later in the 1990s, the Taliban took control of the region and made their own government; one notable figure of this group was Mohammed Akbari, who effectively worked with the Taliban after meeting with one of their delegations in 1998 (and would later serve as an Afghan Parliament member in the 2000s). Some Hazaras allied with them. Bamyan was the main location for a rebellion against the Taliban, an alliance of armed Shiite groups named the

Hizb-e Wahdat. This lead to a struggle in the western province of Bamyan, Yakawlang, which was regarded by both sides as being key to control northern and central Afghanistan.[20]

21st century

2000s

In 2000, the Taliban lost control of the district to local militias, but quickly took it back. To curb future rebellions, in early 2001 the Taliban arrested 300 civilian adult men and executed them publicly. The

Supreme Leader of the Taliban at the time, Mullah Mohammad Omar, allegedly stopped more retribution acts in the area, but he did not forgive the rebellion. In March, Omar ordered the Taliban to destroy the Buddhas of Bamiyan, claiming they were symbols of idolatry. UNESCO called it a "crime against culture".[20][21]

Later in 2001, the

Doha Agreement between the U.S. and Taliban.[20]

A small number of troops from New Zealand would be stationed there, and the Taliban insurgency started targeting them in 2008.[20][28] The U.S. made a "protective belt" around the province that stopped anyone outside, including other Afghanis, from coming into Bamyan. Control of the belt was given to local militias, which caused conflict between various ethnic groups.[20] By 2009, the regional Afghan National Police, who fought against insurgents, started running out of money, and had to be aided by U.S. and New Zealand troops.[29]

2010s and 2020s

By 2011, the Taliban in Bamyan started gaining strength, and there was concern over their future plans as NATO began their phased withdrawal from the country.[30] The U.S. and NATO's combat mission in Afghanistan formally ended in 2014.[31]

In 2021, the Taliban started an offensive to retake Afghanistan. They made significant advances by July, and two districts, Saighan and Kahmard, had been taken. There was an effort by police and local militias to keep the Taliban 60 miles away from Bamyan city, which the Afghanistan government believed could be the start of a turnaround for their miltiary in the region.[32] In August 2021, Ashraf Ghani's government collapsed, and the Taliban took Bamyan on August 15.[20][33][34] Initially, there was a conflict between different Taliban members in the area of whether or not policies put in place in the province to show the new Taliban government would be more liberal or moderate in its ideology. Other Taliban members resented the locals who embraced those ideals in the prior 20 years.[20] In July 2022, the Taliban forbid humanitarian aid into the province.[35] In August 2023, they banned women from entering Band-e-Amir National Park.[36]

Transportation

Further information: Transport in Afghanistan

As of May 2014, the province was served by Bamyan Airport in Bamyan which had regularly scheduled direct flights to Kabul.[37]

Economy

Further information: Economy of Afghanistan
Band-e Amir National Park
Map of mines of Bamian Province

Agriculture

Bamiyan has been particularly famous for its potatoes. The region is also known for a "shuttle system" of planting, wherein seed potatoes are grown in winter in Jalalabad, a warm area of eastern Afghanistan, and then transferred to Bamyan for spring re-planting.[38]

Tourism

Prior to the Soviet invasion of 1979, the province attracted many tourists.

NZAID, New Zealand government's international aid agency.[39] The province hosts the Afghan Ski Challenge, a 7 km downhill race over ungroomed and powdered snow,[42] founded by Swiss journalist and skier Christoph Zurcher. Tissot, the Swiss watch manufacturer, is the principal sponsor.[43]

Education

Further information: Education in Afghanistan

Bamyan Province is home to the region's only university,

Provincial Reconstruction Teams[45]
following the fall of the Taliban.

Demographics

Further information: Demographics of Afghanistan

As of 2020, the total population of Bamyan province is around 495,557. As of 2020, the total population of Bamyan province is around 495,557.

The following is a list of the districts with the 2021–22 estimates of their settled population:

Districts of Bamyan Province
Districts of Bamyan Province
District Capital Population[46] Area
in km² 		Pop. density
per km² 		Ethnic groups
Bamyan Bamyan 94,855 1,798 53 94%
Sayyids), 5% Tajiks, 1% Qizilbash, 1% Pashtuns
Kahmard Kahmard 41,053 1,389 30 86% Tajiks, 14% Hazaras & Pashtun
Panjab Panjab 77,058 1,961 39 100% Hazaras[47]
Sayghan
Sayghan
 27,103 1,729 16 Hazara and Tajiks present. Used to be part of Kahmard District
Shibar Shibar 33,348 1,372 24 53% Hazaras(35% Shia, 17% Ismaili, 1% Sayyids), 43% Tajiks[48]
Waras
Waras
 123,293 2,975 41 100% Hazaras[49]
Yakawlang Yakawlang 68,821 4,579 15 99% Hazaras (59% Shiites, 41% Sayyids), 1% Tajiks
Yakawlang 2 30,026 2,223 14 Used to be part of Yakawlang District
Bamyan 495,557 18,029 27 75% Hazaras, 25% Tajiks

Pashtuns[note 1]

  1. ^ Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.

Gallery

  • 090331-N-2903M-009
    Bamyan province
  • Band-e Amir in Bamyan, mountain cliffs
    Band-e Amir in Bamyan, mountain cliffs
  • Local in Bamyan area
    Local in Bamyan area
  • Overview of area in Bamyan, from Buddha statues
    Overview of area in Bamyan, from Buddha statues
  • Kallu Valley (Afghanistan) - Arsenic spring
    Kallu Valley (Afghanistan) - Arsenic spring

See also

References

  1. ^ "د نږدې شلو ولایاتو لپاره نوي والیان او امنیې قوماندانان وټاکل شول". 7 November 2021.
  2. ^ "2 Afghan Women Conquer Shah Foladi Peak in Bamiyan".
  3. ^ "Independent Directorate of Local Governance". Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  4. ^ "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2023-24" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). July 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  5. ^
    Encyclopedia Britannica
    . Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  6. ^ "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2020-21" (PDF). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, National Statistics and Information Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  7. ^ Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan, Pre-Islamic Period, by Craig Baxter (1997).
  8. Nancy H. Dupree
    (1973). An Historical Guide To Afghanistan, Chapter 3 Sites in Perspective.
  9. ^ a b "Afghanistan – John Ford Shroder, University of Nebraska". Webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 31 October 2009. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  10. ISBN 978-0-19-513777-4
    .
  11. ^ Afghanistan: ancient Ariana (1950), Information Bureau, p3.
  12. ^ M. Witzel (2000), "The Home Of The Aryans", Festschrift J. Narten = Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, Beihefte NF 19, Dettelbach: J.H. Röll, 283–338. Also published online, at Harvard University (LINK). p. 48. "The Vīdẽvdaδ list obviously was composed or redacted by someone who regarded Afghanistan and the lands surrounding it as the home of all Indo-Iranians (airiia), that is of all (eastern) Iranians, with Airiianem Vaẽjah as their center."
  13. ^ Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan, Achaemenid Rule, ca. 550-331 B.C.
  14. ^ "Chronological History of Afghanistan – the cradle of Gandharan civilisation". Gandhara.com.au. 15 February 1989. Archived from the original on 9 September 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  15. ^ "Afghanistan: Achaemenid dynasty rule, Ancient Classical History". Ancienthistory.about.com. 13 April 2012. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  16. ^ Nancy H. Dupree, An Historical Guide to Kabul Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ "Silk Road Seattle - Bamiyan".
  18. ISBN 978-0-19-973413-9
    .
  19. ISBN 978-1-932476-12-5
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Qazizai, Fazelminallah (12 December 2022). "In Bamiyan, the Taliban Walk a Perilous Tightrope". New Lines Magazine. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  21. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  22. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  23. ^ "CNN.com - Mass graves reported in Afghanistan - April 7, 2002". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  24. ^ John Pike (22 September 2003). "Bamian". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  25. ^ Faizi, Fatima (30 March 2020). "'I Didn't Know Whether to Mourn or to Celebrate': An Afghan Reporter's Girlhood Education". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  26. ^ "Afghan girls run in country's only mixed-gender sports event". NBC News. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  27. ^ "Reporters - Bamiyan, the future for Afghanistan?". France 24. 8 July 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  28. ^ "Taleban targeting Kiwi troops - New Zealand News". NZ Herald. 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  29. ISSN 1059-1028
    . Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  30. ^ "Bamyan fears return of Taliban". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  31. ^ "Afghanistan War | History, Combatants, Facts, & Timeline | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  32. ^ "Local Militias Power Resistance to Taliban in Bamiyan". 26 July 2021. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  33. ^ Cavaliere, Joshua Zitser, Victoria. "Taliban to retake power in Afghanistan 20 years after being ousted by US-led forces and the country's president has fled". Business Insider. Retrieved 26 February 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  34. ^ "'Immediate target': Afghan civilians who helped Kiwi soldiers fear for their lives". NZ Herald. 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  35. ^ "Taliban forbid entry of humanitarian aid into Afghanistan's Bamyan province". WION. 13 July 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  36. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  37. ^ 2014 Timetable, http://flyeasthorizon.com/flight-schedule/ Archived 2018-10-03 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ Fueling Growth,health and Prosperity. International Potato Center[when?]
  39. ^ a b 6 May 2011 Afghanistan's Bamiyan hopes to attract skiers Dawn.com
  40. ^ Nordland, Rod (8 March 2014). "For Ski Break Without Crowds (or Rebels), an Afghan Town Beckons (Published 2014)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019.
  41. ^ Boone, Jon (27 April 2010) Afghanistan – the new skiing destination guardian.co.uk
  42. ^ (27 Feb, 2012) Afghanistan set to host second national ski race Archived 2017-08-04 at the Wayback Machine wanderlust.co.uk
  43. ^ Levinson, Charles (March 6, 2012) Since Skiing Came to Afghanistan, It Has Been Pretty Much All Downhill wsj.com
  44. ^ Recknagel, Charles (2001-12-31). "Afghanistan: Dream Of Hazara University Destroyed By War (Part 2) - Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty 2011". Rferl.org. Retrieved 2011-02-13
  45. ^ John Pike (2003-09-22). "Bamian". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2011-02-13
  46. ^ "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  47. ^ "UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region District Profile - Panjab" (PDF). UNHCR. 17 September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2005.
  48. ^ "UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region District Profile - Shibar" (PDF). UNHCR. 18 September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2005.
  49. ^ "UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region District Profile - Waras" (PDF). UNHCR. 17 September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2005.

External links

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