Banaras Hindu University
IAST: Vidyayā'mr̥tamaśnute | |
Motto in English | "Knowledge imparts immortality" |
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Type | Public research university |
Established | 4 February 1916; 108 years ago (1916-02-04) |
Founders |
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Academic affiliations |
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Website | bhu |
Banaras Hindu University(pronunciation
BHU has often been referred to by different names throughout the history and present. Some of the English names include Banaras University,[14][15] Benares Hindu University, and Hindu University.[16]
The university's main campus spread over 1,370 acres (5.5 km2), was built on land donated by the
BHU is organized into six institutes, 14 faculties (streams) and about 140 departments. As of 2020[update], the total student enrolment at the university is 30,698
Centralised in 1916 through the Banaras Hindu University Act, Banaras Hindu University is India's first central university. BHU celebrated its centenary year in 2015–2016.[26][27]
History
At the 21st Conference of the
"The millions mired in poverty here can only get rid (of it) when science is used in their interest. Such maximum application of science is only possible when scientific knowledge is available to Indians in their own country."
-- Madan Mohan Malviya[31]
On 22 March 1915, then Education Minister Harcourt Butler introduced the Benares Hindu University Bill in the Imperial Legislative Council.[38] In his speech, he remarked about the university:
My Lord, this is no ordinary occasion. We are watching to-day the birth of a new and, many hope, a better type of University in India. The main features of this University, which distinguish it from existing Universities, will be, first. that it will be a teaching and residential University; secondly, that while it will be open to all castes and creeds, it will insist upon religious instructions for Hindus, and thirdly, that it will be conducted and managed by the Hindu community and almost entirely by non-officials.
The Benares Hindu University Bill was passed on 1 October 1915 and assented by the Viceroy and Governor-General of India on the same day.
BHU was finally established in 1916, the first university in India that was the result of people's efforts.
The university's anthem, called
Campus
Main campus
Banaras Hindu University's main campus is located on the southern edge of Varanasi, near the banks of the river
The campus has over 65 hostels offering residential accommodation for over 12,000 students.[50] On-campus housing is also available to a majority of the full-time faculty.
The main entrance gate and boundary wall was built on the donation made by Maharaja of Balrampur, Maharaja Pateshvari Prashad Singh, and is named after him as the Singh Dwar (transl. Singh Gate).[51]
The
Sir Sunderlal Hospital on the campus is a teaching hospital for the Institute of Medical Sciences. Established in 1926 with 96 beds, it has since been expanded to over 900 beds and is the largest tertiary referral hospital in the region.
The most prominent landmark is the Shri Vishwanath Mandir, located in the centre of the campus. The foundation for this 252 feet (77 m) high complex of seven temples was laid in March 1931, and took almost three decades to complete.[52]
Established in 1920, Bharat Kala Bhavan is the university museum of the Banaras Hindu University. It is situated inside the main campus of the university with over 100,000 holdings which include artifacts, paintings, philately, textiles, costumes, etc.[53][54]
Rajiv Gandhi South Campus
The south campus is located in Barkachha in Mirzapur district,[17] about 60 km (37 mi) southwest of the main campus. Spread over an area of over 2,700 acres (11 km2), it was transferred as a lease in perpetuity to BHU by the Bharat Mandal Trust in 1979.[55][56]
It hosts the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Agricultural Science Centre), with focus on research in agricultural techniques, agro-forestry and bio-diversity appropriate to the Vindhya Range region.[57][58] The South Campus features a lecture complex, library, student hostels and faculty housing, besides administrative offices.[59][60]
Halls of residence
BHU is a fully residential university with a total of 66 hostels[61] - 41 hostels for male, 21 hostels for female students, and 4 hostels for International students.[62][63]
Hostels in the university are divided among different faculties, institutes, campuses, and colleges catering to their specific demands.[64] Out of the four separate hostels for international students, two are for boys and the other two for girls.[62][64]
Hostels of the university are named after several historically important figures such as Raja Baldev Das Jugal Kishore Birla,
BHU also provides on-campus residence to a substantial number of teaching and non-teaching staff. There are 654 quarters for teaching staff, 688 quarters for non-teaching staff.[66]
Organisation and administration
Governance
The
The university is governed as per the procedures laid out in the Banaras Hindu University Act of 1915, and statutes of the university.[75] The executive council is the supreme executive governing body of the university and exercises all the powers on management and administration of the revenue, property, and administrative affairs of the university. The University Court is the supreme advisory body to the Visitor for all matters not otherwise provided for by the Banaras Hindu University Act, and the statutes.[76][77] The Academic Council is the highest academic body of the university and is responsible for the maintenance of standards of instruction, education and examination within the university.[78] It has the right to advise the executive council on all academic matters. The finance committee is responsible for recommending financial policies, goals, and budgets.[79][75]
The
University Temple
International Centre
BHU established International Centre, a university department, in 2004 to handle all international academic affairs such as foreign students' applications, international collaboration, international alumni outreach.[85][86][87]
University Museum
The University Museum,
Banaras Hindu University Press
Established in 1936 with initial funding from Seth Jugal Kishore Birla, formally the Banaras Hindu University Press and Publication Cell, is the university press of BHU. It comprises two entities, namely BHU Press, and the Publication Cell. While the BHU press publishes books, and journals of the university, the Publication Cell looks after the sales aspect.[93][94][95] The BHU Press also publishes Vishwa Panchang prepared by the Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vigyan.[96][97][98]
Academics
Academic entities in the Banaras Hindu University are divided in several types of units with varying independence and budget. Institutes are a cluster of one or more faculties; faculties are a cluster of one or more departments, departments are specifically dedicated to one subject such as political science, or mathematics, or pottery. The university also has special chairs, inter-disciplinary schools, and special centres.[99]
Institutes
Banaras Hindu University maintains six institutes:[100][24]
The
Established in 1931 as the Institute of Agricultural Research, the Institute of Agricultural Sciences is one of the premier institutes of agricultural sciences in India.[108] The institute comprises 11 departments and four auxiliary units and imparts education through undergraduate, postgraduate, special courses, PhD, and diploma programs.[109][110][111]
The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS-BHU), comprising three faculties and one college, is one of the premier medical institutions in India .[112][113][114] The institute provides courses at undergraduate, postgraduate, PhD, and diploma levels.[115] It also has the Sir Sunderlal Hospital, and a Trauma centre and Super Speciality Hospital.[116] IMS-BHU is equivalent to the status of AIIMS.[117]
The Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development (IESD), which aims to develop and advance the knowledge of technology and processes for sustainable development, was started in 2010.[118] The institute was established in accordance with the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development goal to contribute significantly to the development of appropriate knowledge and competences in the area of sustainable development.[119][120]
Starting as the Department of Management Studies, which was upgraded to Faculty of Management Studies in 1984, Institute of Management Studies (abbreviately referred to FMS-BHU or IM-BHU) was finally upgraded into an institute in 2015.[121] The Institute of Management Studies is the business school of Banaras Hindu University. Among the earliest management schools in India, the institute imparts education at postgraduate and doctoral levels.[122][123][124] Alok Kumar Rai, a professor at FMS-BHU is currently the vice-chancellor of the University of Lucknow.[125]
Faculties
There are nine standalone (which are not under any institute or college) faculties at the Banaras Hindu University:[126][100][24]
Founded in 1898 as the Central Hindu College, the Faculty of Arts is the oldest faculty of the university. It offers courses in History, Culture, Philosophy, Languages, Literature along with various professional and vocational courses. Due to its nature of age, it is also called the 'Mother faculty' of the university.[127][128][129]
Established in 1940 as the Department of Commerce, the
Established in 1918 as the Teacher's Training College, the Faculty of Education is based out of the Kamachha Complex (outside main campus).
Established in 1922, the Law School offers courses at undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral, and diploma level in law.[136]
The Faculty of Performing Arts offers
Established in 1918, the
The Faculty of Social Sciences was bifurcated from the Faculty of Arts in 1971.[129] It offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Social science and includes the departments of Economics, History, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology.[145] Other than the departments, there are five centres which carry on the studies in various fields, namely the Centre for the Study of Nepal, Centre for Women's Study and Development, Centre for Integrated Rural Development, Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusion Policy and the Malviya Centre for Peace Research. and Special Courses like Master of Personnel Management and Industrial Relations (MPMIR) [146]
Colleges and schools
Colleges
Four colleges in Varanasi are admitted to the privileges of the Banaras Hindu University.[100][24][147][148]
The
Mahila Mahavidyalaya (MMV) (transl. Women's College) is an undergraduate level women's college. It was established in 1929 and is located inside the university campus.[153][154]
Schools
Three schools in Varanasi are run by the Banaras Hindu University School Board:[155]
Kendriya Vidyalaya BHU situated inside the university campus is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education, run by the Kendriya Vidyalya Sangathan.[161][162]
Inter-disciplinary schools
School of Biotechnology
The School of Biotechnology (SBT) is a center for postgraduate teaching and research under the aegis of Institute of Science of the BHU.[163][164] It was established in 1986 with funding from the Department of Biotechnology,[165] of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. It offers MSc and PhD programmes in Biotechnology.
The interdisciplinary program involves the partnership between the Institute of Science, the Institute of Medical Sciences and the Indian Institute of Technology at BHU. Notable faculty include Arvind Mohan Kayastha.[166]
DBT-BHU Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences
The Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences (ISLS) is a joint initiative of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India and the BHU. It was established with a grant of INR 238.9 million from the DBT.[167][168]
Research centres
Apart from specialised centres directly funded by DBT, DST,
The Centre for Genetic Disorders was established in 2008. This centre is involved in genetic diagnosis and counselling of cases referred from BHU hospital. The centre is engaged in research on various genetic disorders. It offers Ph.D. programmes and a one-year PG diploma course on Chromosomal, Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics.[171][172][173]
The Centre for Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences (CIMS) focuses on research and education in mathematics, modelling and statistics. It was established under the management of the Faculty of Science, with support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST).[174] The centre imparts post-graduate education and research with participation from the Department of Mathematics, Department of Statistics and Department of Computer Science of the Institute of Science and the Department of Applied Mathematics of the IIT-BHU. It regularly organises training programmes, workshops, seminars, and conferences.[175]
The Centre of Food Science & Technology (CFST) is an inter-disciplinary research centre with collaboration between the Institute of Agricultural Sciences and the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) focusing on food processing technology.
Established by the executive council of the university under the Government of India's
Other research centres
Other research centres of the university include:
- Centre for Vedic Science[184]
- Center for Nanotechnology[185]
- Hydrogen Energy Center
- UGC Advanced Immunodiagnostic Training and Research Center
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Surgery
- Center for Women's Studies and Development[186]
- Center for the Study of Nepal[187]
- Malviya Center for Peace Research[188]
- Center for Rural Integrated Development[189]
- Centre for Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy[190]
Special centres
Design Innovation Centre
Funded by Department of Higher Education,
BioNest-BHU
Established in 2020 as the InnoResTech Foundation-BHU (called BioNest-BHU)
Admissions
Starting academic year 2022, the university has confirmed shifting towards the All-India Common University Entrance Test (CUET) for admission to several undergraduate and postgraduate[200] courses, which shall replace the Banaras Hindu University Undergraduate Entrance Test (BHU-UET) and Banaras Hindu University Postgraduate Entrance Test (BHU-PET) exams.[201][202] Admissions are done according to coursewise eligibility criteria set by the university, merit in the entrance tests, and as per reservation policy of the Government of India.
Year | Level | Applications | Offers | Offer Rate(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | UG | 4,34,140[203] | 8,231[204] | 1.90 |
Admissions to undergraduate programs of
Admissions for PhD are done on the basis of either qualification of National Eligibility Test (NET) by the candidates, or through the scores of Banaras Hindu University Research Entrance Test (BHU-RET).[208] Admissions in Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University are done through PMT exam. Starting 2021, the UET & PET exams have been conducted by the National Testing Agency.[209]
Admissions to the Banaras Hindu University are highly competitive and tough with more than 50 applicants for one seat.
Admissions to the diploma and Special Courses of Study (SCS) are conducted through varying processes depending on the faculty, directly by the university.[212][213]
Banaras Hindu University Entrance Tests
After opting for CUET exam for undergraduate and postgraduate courses, the Banaras Hindu University now only conducts the Banaras Hindu University Research Entrance Test (BHU-RET) for admission to the PhD courses.[214]
Until 2021, Banaras Hindu University has used to conduct national level BHU-UET for undergraduate courses, and BHU-PET, for postgraduate courses, usually during May–June for admission for which registrations begun on Vasant Panchmi i.e., university foundation day, for over 24 undergraduate and over 100 postgraduate courses.[215] The UET & PET exams were held for 5166 seats in online and offline mode in subject-wise papers. The total exam duration was two hours with multiple-choice questions. Total marks varied with the exam.[216]
The entire admission process is conducted by the controller of examinations.
Rankings
Outlook India (Universities) (2020)[222] | 7 | |
---|---|---|
Engineering – India | ||
NIRF (2022)[223] | 13 | |
Medical – India | ||
NIRF (2022)[224] | 5 | |
India Today (2020)[225] | 7 | |
Law – India | ||
NIRF (2022)[226] | 20 | |
India Today (2020)[227] | 5 | |
Business/Management – India | ||
NIRF (2022)[228] | 50 |
Internationally, BHU was ranked 601–800 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2022[229][217] and 153 in Asia in 2022.[218]
In India, the 2022 National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked BHU sixth among universities[230] and eleventh overall.[231] [232] In NIRF 2022 rankings, BHU ranked fifth in medical,[233] 20 in law,[234] and 50 in management.[235]
The university was ranked seventh among universities in India by Outlook India in 2020.[236]
Its engineering institute,
The Faculty of Law, Banaras Hindu University was ranked fifth in India by Outlook India in 2019[239] and seventh in India by The Week.[238]
The Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University was ranked fifth among medical colleges in India in 2022 by
Library
The Banaras Hindu University Library system was established from a collection donated by P.K. Telang in the memory of his father Justice Kashinath Trimbak Telang in 1917. The collection was housed in the Telang Hall of the Central Hindu College, Kamachha. In 1921, the library was moved to the Central Hall of the Arts College (now the Faculty of Arts).
The present Central Library of BHU was established with a donation from Maharaja
The Gaekwad Library is a designated Manuscript Conservation Centre (MCC) of the National Mission for Manuscripts,[244] established in 2003.[245]
By 1931, the library had built a collection of around 60,000 volumes. The trend of donation of personal and family collection to the library continued as late as the 1940s with the result that it has unique pieces of rarities of books and journals dating back to the 18th century.
As of 2011, the BHU Library System consisted of the Central Library and 3 Institute Libraries, 8 Faculty Libraries and over 25 Departmental Libraries, with a collection of at least 1.3 million volumes.[243] The digital library is available to students and staff and provides online access to thousands of journals, besides access to large collections of online resources[246] through the National Informatics Centre's DELNET[247] and UGC's INFLIBNET.[248]
Student life
Festivals and traditions
The Banaras Hindu University observes Saraswati puja day (also known as Vasant Panchami) as its foundation day.[250][251] Goddess Saraswati is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, arts, wisdom and nature. She is also the revered mascot of the university, and is a part of the university seal.[252][253]
There is an intra-university fest, Spandan, where students represent their faculty/institute in various art competitions such as literature (essay-writing, poems, debates), painting, sketches, vocal music, dancing, singing, drama, and mimicry. It is held every year after Vasant Panchami in the month of February or March.[254] Apart from Spandan, each faculty and institute have their own in-house annual festivals.
Since 1971, annual flower exhibition is organised on Malaviya Jayanti (Malaviya's birthday - 25 December).[255] [256]
The university anthem, Banaras Hindu University Kulgeet, is sung in chorus before the convocation[257][258] or any other official event begins.[259]
Apart from the three national day festivals,[260][261][262] the following festivals are celebrated at an official level in the university:
Name of Faculty/Institute/College | Name of the Festival | Dates | References |
---|---|---|---|
Banaras Hindu University | Foundation Day | On Vasant Panchami | [264][265][266][267] |
Banaras Hindu University | Spandan (Intra-university festival and competition) | February–March | [268][269][270] |
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)
|
Kashiyatra | January | [271][272][273] |
Institute of Science, BHU | Aakanksha | February–March | [274][275][276] |
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU | Srishti | February–March | [277][278][279] |
Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU | Elixir | February–March | [280][281][282] |
Institute of Management Studies, BHU | Unnayan | February–March | [283][284][285] |
Faculty of Arts, BHU | Sanskriti | February–March | [286][287][288] |
Faculty of Social Sciences, BHU | Abhikalpan | February–March | [289][290][291] |
Law School, BHU | Srijan | December, or February–March | [292][293][294] |
DAV PG College, BHU | Udaan | June–July | [295][296][297] |
Banaras Hindu University | Malviya Jayanti
|
December | [298][299] |
Some other festivals celebrated in the Banaras Hindu University at a non-official, students' level include:
- Diwali Mahotsav (transl. Diwali Celebrations) are held each year, during which students light-up the campus, hostels, etc. with diyas.[306][307]
Convocation Dress
Clubs and societies
BHU has university level Mountaineering Centre,[315][316] and University Sports Board.[317][318] Other interest-specific clubs[319][320] and societies exist at faculty, institute, and college level, like FSS Connect,[321] which is a consortium of all societies and clubs at the Faculty of Social Sciences. In 2022 BHU Connect was introduced, which is a platform that acts as a consortium for different institutes' clubs and societies, as well as act as an umbrella for students run unit to manage clubs, events and ensure help to aspirants and freshers at the Banaras Hindu University.[322]
Awards and medals
Medals and prizes are awarded at faculty, as well as university level. Each faculty and institute have several in-house awards and medals.[323] Some of the university level medals include:
- The BHU Chancellor's Medal is given to the student securing highest
- The BHU Medal is given to students who secure the first position in their respective courses (e.g. B.Com.).[325][323]
- Late Maharaja
- Ex-President of India Dr. Shanker Dayal Sharma Gold Medal is awarded to the student exhibiting best character, academic excellence, outstanding co-curricular, extra-curricular, and social services in the university.[328][329]
- Bhagwandas Thakurdas Chandwani Gold Medal is given to the student standing first in
- The Wagle Gold Medal is given to the student standing first in M.A. Economics.[331][323]
Student unions and protests
Banaras Hindu University does not have an active political student union, but an administrative student council called the Banaras Hindu University Students Council to represent and safeguard the interests of the students.[332][333]
Despite no elections, student wings of major political parties have an active presence on the campus.[334][335]
Organized and unorganized protests are held often in the campus due to the vast majority of students.[336][337] The most prominent protest in the last few years have been the Banaras Hindu University women's rights protest.[338]
Gallery of notable alumni and faculty
Alumni and faculty of the Banaras Hindu University, called BHUians and महामना के मानस पुत्र/पुत्री
-
Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar[356]
Alumni include:
In popular culture
- 2019 Hindi film Super 30 starring Hrithik Roshan was shot in BHU library. [365]
See also
- Education portal
References
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While ustads were thus more or less marginalized at Lucknow's Marris College, AIR and Paluskar's schools, they were, as expected expelled entirely from Benares Hindu University (BHU). Formerly known as Central Hindu College, BHU had been a centre for dissemination of Hindu nationalist ideas since its foundation in 1916. The Theosophist Annie Besant, who was actually the President of Indian National Congress in 1917–1918, had established Central Hindu College in 1898, and for a long time it was closely linked with the Theosophical movement. Theosophists generally played an important role in the making of Indian nationalism, especially because they propagated the 'spirituality' of the Hindu (and Buddhist) traditions as superior to Western 'materialistic' civilization.
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In Benares, Kawaguchi took up residence in the faculty residence hall at Central Hindu College (later Banares Hindu University) while studying Sanskrit there as well as at the Government Sanskrit College (a.k.a. Benares Sanskrit College; founded in 1791 (p. 84) ... Annie Besant and her Theosophical Society associates founded Central Hindu College in 1898 as part of her broader efforts to build a higher-education system in India that honored Indian traditions. Cultivating the rising tide of nationalism, Besant argued that government-run schools were denigrating Indian language, religion, and literature, turning Indians against their glorious culture. In order to preserve the sanatana Dharma (eternal Dharma, which was understood as "orthodox Hinduism"), Besant garnered the support of many wealthy Indians, including the Maharaja of Benares who augmented the original property holdings with additional land and buildings. At the time of the college's inception, each day began with a Hindu prayer, segregation of students by caste was honored, and religious education in nonsectarian Hinduism as portrayed in the school textbook Sanatana Dharma was emphasized. The founders' concession to modern education was including instruction in science and other subjects that were in tune with the times.(p. 87)
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{{cite web}}
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Further reading
- Dar, S.L.; Somaskandan, S. (1966). History Of The Banaras Hindu University. ISBN 8185305226.
- Renold, Leah. A Hindu Education: Early Years of the Banaras Hindu University. Oxford University Press.
External links
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