Bangladesh–China relations
China |
Bangladesh |
---|
Bangladesh–China relations are the bilateral relations of
Country comparison
People's Republic of Bangladesh
|
People's Republic of China
| |
---|---|---|
Area | 147,570 km2 | 9,596,961 km2 |
Population
|
162,950,000 | 1,376,049,000 |
Population density
|
1,106/km2 | 145/km2 |
Capital | Dhaka | Beijing |
Largest Metropolitan Areas | Dhaka | Shanghai |
Government | Parliamentary democracy
|
one party state
|
First leader | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | Mao Zedong |
Current leader | Sheikh Hasina | Xi Jinping |
Official languages | Bengali | Chinese |
GDP (nominal) | US$438 billion | $14.216 trillion |
GDP (nominal) per capita | US$2,554 | US$10,153 |
GDP (PPP) | US$1.070 trillion[2] | US$27.331 trillion |
GDP (PPP) per capita | US$5,812 | US$19,520 |
Human Development Index | 0.632 (medium) | 0.761 (high) |
Foreign exchange reserves | 33,100 (millions of USD) | 4,009,553 (millions of USD) |
Military expenditures | US$3.03 billion (1.2% of GDP) | US$166.107 billion (2012) (2.0% of GDP) |
Manpower | Active troops: 300,000 (63,000 reserve personnel) | Active troops: approximately 2,285,000 (800,000 reserve personnel) |
Main religions | Islam (90%), Hinduism (9.5%), Buddhism (0.6%), Christianity (0.4) and others (1%). | 10% each: |
History
Bengal and Imperial China
Chinese monks, scholars and traders began frequenting
In 648, a companion of
Political relations became nonexistent until the Middle Ages after the decline of Buddhism in South Asia.
Experts have also speculated on the possibility of a southwestern Silk Road connecting Bengal and China.[14]
-
Tibetan artwork depictingAtisawho was born on the territory of Bangladesh
-
An African giraffe from the Bengali Muslim royal court was gifted to China in 1414. The Chinese saw it as a qilin.
East Pakistan (or Modern day Bangladesh)
Chinese premier
Sectoral relations
Geopolitical relations
When the
By the mid-1980s, China had forged close military, commercial and cultural ties with Bangladesh and also supplied it with military aid and equipment.
The two countries signed nine different bilateral agreements to further their mutual relationship.[18]
On Bangladesh Nationalist Party PM Begum Khaleda Zia's invitation China was added as an observer in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).[19] Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan jopined Bangladesh in strongly supporting China's application for observer status, which was accepted.[20]
After Cyclone Sidr hit Bangladesh in 2007, China donated US$1 million for relief and reconstruction in cyclone-hit areas.[citation needed]
Tibet issue
The Chinese embassy in Bangladesh has twice intervened during local art shows to censor coverage of the plight of Tibetan refugees in South Asia. In 2009, police canceled a planned photo exhibit on Tibetan exiles at the
Economic relations
As a part of a strengthened bilateral trade and investment relationship, China has given Duty-Free (DF) access to 97 percent of Bangladeshi products which came into force from 1 July 2020. According to the notice of the Tariff Commission of the State Council of China on 16 June 2020, zero-tariff has been applied to 8,256 products originating from Bangladesh among the total 8,549 products recognized in the Chinese tariff-line.[23] Utilizing this Duty Free (DF) facility, Bangladesh can seize greater market share as this DF Facility covers Bangladesh-originating 132 knitwear items and 117 woven items at HS Code- 8 Digit Level, at which segment of items, Bangladesh is already highly competitive exporting to China.[24]
Bangladesh-China bilateral trade is highly tilted in favour of Beijing,
In recent years, trade between Bangladesh and China has increased dramatically. The Bangladeshi economy's strongest missiles are export, import, and economic growth. Since there is a growing amount of trade between these two nations, the Silk Road connection will help both nations' economies grow even more. Bangladesh is a developing nation whose economy has suffered from a trade balance since its establishment.
In 2005, Chinese premier
Defence cooperation
Defence cooperation between China and Bangladesh began after China recognized Bangladesh in 1975.
In 2008, Bangladesh set up an anti-ship missile launch pad near the
-
Chinese Type 69 tanks of the Bangladesh Army
Water security: River water sharing
Bangladesh and India have signaled concerns over Chinese plans to dam and divert water from the Brahmaputra River in Tibet.[36]
Covid-19 pandemic
In August 2020, Bangladesh approved the final stage testing of the Chinese pharmaceutical firm Sinovac Biotech Ltd's COVID-19 vaccine.[37] On 4 October 2020, it was reported that Sinovac had sought Bangladesh's co-financing of the trials.[38] However, on 13 October 2020, the trials were reported to be uncertain after Bangladesh refused to co-fund the vaccine, saying that at the time of seeking approval, Sinovac had said they would run the trials on their own funds and had also promised to provide 100,000 free doses.[39]
Diaspora
There is a sizeable
See also
Bibliography
- ISBN 9788498922578.
References
- Xinhua. Archived from the originalon 8 March 2018.
- ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ a b c "History and Legend of Sino-Bangla Contacts". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 14 October 2010.
- ^ Mahmood, Kajal Iftikhar Rashid (19 October 2012). সাড়ে তেরো শ বছর আগের মসজিদ [1350 Year-old Mosque]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 6 June 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
- ^ "History and archaeology: Bangladesh's most undervalued assets?". deutschenews24.de. 21 December 2012. Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
- ISBN 978-0-85728-821-9. Archivedfrom the original on 15 May 2018.
- ISBN 978-81-317-3202-1.
- ^ "Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015.
- ^ S2CID 161549135.
- ISBN 978-0-313-31486-5.
- ISBN 978-1-4384-6017-8.
- ISBN 978-1-108-41550-7. Archivedfrom the original on 15 May 2018.
- ISBN 978-81-87586-21-0.
The Bengali envoy complained at the Ming court ... The 'Zhaonapuer'/Jaunpur troops withdrew from Bengal. (Here is a unique episode of China's mediating in the conflict between two Indian states. - Tan
- ^ "Between Winds and Clouds: Chapter 2" (PDF). Retrieved 26 December 2019.
- ^ a b "Bangladesh - China and Other Asian Nations". countrystudies.us.
- ^ "Dhaka Issues Memorial Stamps on Bangladesh-China Diplomatic Relationship". People's Daily. 4 October 2000. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ Habib, Haroon (9 April 2005). "Bangladesh, China sign nine agreements". The Hindu.
- ^ Habib, Haroon (9 April 2005). "Bangladesh, China sign nine agreements". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 September 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ "China pledges to further promote China-Bangladesh ties". Xinhua News Agency. 7 June 2006. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- OCLC 939553543.
- ^ "Police prevent Tibet photo exhibition". bdnews24.com.
- ^ "Dhaka art summit: Tibetan exhibit covered up after China 'protest'". The Indian Express. 8 February 2016.
- ^ Latifee, Enamul Hafiz; Uddin, Mohammad Musleh (29 October 2020). "Decoding China's duty-free facility for the knitwear sector of Bangladesh: The Chinese market dynamics (Part-1)". Textile Today. Vol. 13, no. 10. Amin & Jahan Corporation Ltd. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- ^ Latifee, Enamul Hafiz; Uddin, Mohammad Musleh (5 December 2020). "How can you grow your business with duty-free facility in Chinese market through Alibaba?". Textile Today. Amin & Jahan Corporation Ltd. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- ^ a b c India plans to enhance trade with Bangladesh, Economic Times, July 2020.
- ^ a b Kumar, Anand (21 April 2005). "Changing Dynamics of Sino-Bangladesh Relations". southasiaanalysis group. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ "China grants over USD 10 mn aid to Bangladesh". The Economic Times. 23 July 2007.
- ^ "Is Bangladesh falling into a Chinese 'dept trap'?". www.dw.com. 11 July 2021.
- ^ "China's March on South Asia". Archived from the original on 16 April 2014.
- ^ "China keen to build Rooppur nuclear plant". Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
- ^ "China and Bangladesh". The Department of Asian Affairs, People's Republic of China. 25 August 2003. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
- ^ Mohammad Mahabubur Rahman, Dr. Kazi Ihtesham (23 May 2005). "Sino-Bangla relations and Bangladesh's Look East policy". The Daily Star. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ a b "China, Bangladesh to improve bilateral ties". The Hindu. Xinhua. 24 July 2007. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ OCLC 939553543.
- ^ Samanta, Pranab Dhal (9 September 2007). "Breaking 10-year silence, China reveals it's now No 1 arms supplier to Bangladesh". The Indian Express. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ Bagchi, Indrani (12 June 2007). "Water-sharing clouds Indo-China ties". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ "Bangladesh approves trial of China COVID-19 vaccine". Prothomalo. 27 August 2020.
- ^ "Sinovac seeks Bangladesh co-financing for vaccine trial". Dhaka Tribune. 4 October 2020.
- ^ "Sinovac vaccine safety trial uncertain after Bangladesh refuses to co-fund it". BD News. 13 October 2020.
- ISBN 978-1-74059-280-2.
- ^ "Beauties at the city's beauty shops". The Daily Star.
- ^ Haraprasad Ray (2012). "The Chinese". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
Further reading
- Choudhury, G.W. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Major Powers: Politics of a Divided Subcontinent (1975), relations with US, USSR and China.
- Church, Sally K. (2004). "The Giraffe of Bengal: A Medieval Encounter in Ming China". The Medieval History Journal. 7 (1): 1–37. S2CID 161549135.