Bangladesh Army

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Bangladesh Army
বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী
Insignia of the Bangladesh Army
Founded26 March 1971
(53 years)
Country Bangladesh
TypeArmy
RoleLand warfare
Size160,000 troops[1][2][3][4]
13,408 civilians[3][4]
Part of Bangladesh Armed Forces
Army HeadquartersDhaka Cantonment
Motto(s)"In War, In Peace, We are everywhere for our Nation"
("সমরে আমরা, শান্তিতে আমরা, সর্বত্র আমরা দেশের তরে")
Colors
  • Service uniform: Khaki, Olive
      
  • Combat uniform: Green, Black, Khaki, Maroon
        
MarchNotuner Gaan "নতুনের গান"
The Song of Youth
AnniversariesArmed Forces Day (21 November)
Awards
  • Army Medal (PSB)
  • Extraordinary Service Medal
  • Distinguished Service Medal
  • Army Medal of Glory (SGP)
  • Army Medal of Excellence (SUP)
  • Army Efficiency Medal (SPP)
Engagements
Decorations
Websitearmy.mil.bd
Commanders
Trainer
Cessna 152
TransportCessna 208B, EADS CASA C-295

The Bangladesh Army is the land warfare branch and the largest component of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. The primary mission of the Army is to provide necessary forces and capabilities to deliver the Bangladeshi government's security and defence strategies and defending the nation's territorial integrity against external attack. Control of personnel and operations is administered by the Army Headquarters, Dhaka.[9] The Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government and its civilian agencies during times of domestic national emergency. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration".

History

Further information: Military history of Bangladesh
Victory Day Parade, 2012. National Parade ground, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Army's main battle tanks in the victory day Parade 2017 at National Parade Ground
Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin helicopter of Bangladesh Army

Early history

The martial tradition of Bengal has its roots in the army of Kings and their chiefs who were called Senapati or Mahasenapati. Armies were composed of

Bengal Sappers and Bengal Cavalry, were largely recruited from non-Bengali peoples from Bihar, Varanasi and Uttar Pradesh which were technically still part of Bengal Presidency at that time.[10][13] During the First World War, the Bangali Paltan was formed to recruit soldiers from Bengal. In 1916, the British Government created Bengali Double Company. The soldiers were trained in Karachi and shipped to the Bagdad. They fought in the war and after the war helped crush a rebellion by Kurds in 1919.[14]

During the

Japanese in an infantry role. This force was organised in company groups attached to various regiments of Indian Army in direct support role. Captain Abdul Gani was a company commander in the Burma front and led his troops in battle. After the war these Pioneer Troops were concentrated in Jalna, India, waiting to be demobilised and return home. In 1946 Captain Ghani the then Adjutant and Quartermaster of Indian Pioneer Corps Centre at Jalna envisioned and generated the idea of forming an Infantry regiment out of the Pioneer soldiers from East Bengal who would be returning home demobilised, to the Centre Commander. After receiving permission from the Chief of Staff of Pakistan Army General Sir Frank Messervy, he organised his men to form the nucleus of an Infantry Regiment, the Bangali Paltan (Platoon).[10]

Pakistan period

At the time of the creation of

BGB. He was later told by the administration to find a suitable place to accommodate the soldiers. He moved to the north of the Capital and found Kurmitola as the perfect place for a cantonment. Toiling day in and day out the barracks were constructed and jungles cleared, parade ground prepared.[10]

On 15 February 1948 the flag of First East Bengal Regiment the pioneer of Bangladesh Army was raised with Captain Ghani on the lead of all the affairs though the first commanding officer was British Lt Col V J E Patterson.[10] after the raising of the first battalion the second battalion was approved Captain Gani began to recruit the personnel for the regiment. On 7 February 1949, the flag of the Second East Bengal was raised with the newly recruited soldiers and from personnel from First East Bengal. Before the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, a total of 8 battalions of the East Bengal Regiment were formed.[10]

Liberation war 1971

Further information: Bangladesh Liberation War

In 1970

Bangladesh Awami League to win the General Elections of Pakistan. The Pakistan Army which was then in power refused to handover power and unrest broke out. On 25 March 1971 Pakistan Armed Forces cracked down on the civilian population of East Pakistan through the start of Operation Searchlight[15] and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared the independence of Bangladesh.[16] The Pakistani Army and allied paramilitaries killed hundreds of thousands of civilians and uniformed personnel. As a result, in March 1971, Bengali soldiers in East Pakistan revolted and the Bangladesh Liberation War started. There was a Bangladesh Army Sector Commanders Conference during 11–17 July 1971. The conference was held three months after the oath of the newly formed Bangladesh Government at Meherpur, Kushtia. During this conference, the structure and formation as well as resolving issues surrounding the organisation of the various sectors, strategy and reinforcements of the Bangladeshi Forces was determined. It was of considerable historical importance from a tactical point of view, as it determined the command structure of the Bangladeshi forces throughout Bangladesh Liberation War.[10][15]

This conference was presided over by the

MA Rab and Major Khaled Mosharraf
. As a result of this meeting,
eleven sectors.[10] These sectors were placed under the control of Sector Commanders, who would direct the guerilla war against Pakistani occupation forces. For better efficiency in military operations each of the sectors were also divided into a number of sub-sectors. As a point of note, the 10th Sector was under direct command of the Commander-in-Chief and included the Naval Commando Unit as a C-in-C's special force.[10]

Following the conference a period of prolonged guerrilla warfare was launched by

Bangladesh Forces, which continued for a number of months. A further restructuring was undertaken and the Bangladesh Forces were organised into three brigade size combat groups:[10]

Post 1971: The emergence of the Bangladesh Army

During the sensitive and formative years after the end of the war, personnel of the Mukti Bahini were absorbed into different branches of Bangladesh Army. In 1974 Bangladeshi soldiers and officers repatriated from Pakistan after the Bangladesh Liberation War were absorbed into the Bangladesh Army.[17]

During the 1972-73 tenure, engineers, signals, Army services, ordnance, military police, remount veterinary and, Farm and medical corps was established in Bangladesh Army. Bangladesh Military Academy (BMA) was established in Comilla cantonment in 1974. On 11 January 1975, the passing out parade of the first Bangladesh Army short course took place. In 1975 the President Guard Regiment (PGR) was established.

There were suspicion among the army personnel of the formation of the paramilitary Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini and the addition of civilian Mukti Bahini members in it.[18] These suspicions and misconceptions laid the foundation and formed the bedrock of disputes between professional army officers and the ruling administration which led to a very bloody chapter in the history of newly independent Bangladesh.

Coups, uprisings and assassinations

Further information: Military coups in Bangladesh

On

Indemnity ordinance which provided immunity to the assassins of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.[21]

Three months later on

Dhaka Central Jail. Chief of Army Staff, Major General Ziaur Rahman was placed under house arrest.[22][23]

On

Lieutenant General and appointed himself as the Chief of Army Staff and Deputy Chief Martial Law Administrator. He then executed Lt. Col. Abu Taher for his role in the coup on 7 November.[24][25][26] Later, in 1977 under a public referendum of a yes no vote he took the helm as president. On 30 May 1981 President Ziaur Rahman was assassinated in the Chattogram Circuit House in a military coup.[27]

Less than a year later, the then Chief of Army Staff Lt. Gen. Hussain Muhammad Ershad on 24 March 1982 took power in a silent coup at dawn, suspended the constitution and imposed Martial law and remained in power through farce elections and corruption. He remained in power until 6 December 1990.[28]

Chattogram Hill Tracts Conflict

Main article:
Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict

The Chattogram Hill Tracts Conflict was the political and military conflict between the Government of Bangladesh and the

Chattogram Hill Tracts Peace Accord in 1997.[29]

At the outbreak of the insurgency, the Government of Bangladesh deployed the Bangladesh Army to begin

Major General Ziaur Rahman created a Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board under an army general to address the socio-economic needs of the region, but the entity proved unpopular and became a source of antagonism and mistrust among the local tribes against the government. The government failed to address the long-standing issue of the displacement of tribal people, numbering an estimated 100,000 caused by the construction of the Kaptai Dam by the then Pakistan government in 1962. Displaced tribesmen did not receive compensation and more than 40,000 Chakma tribals had fled to India. In the 1980s, the government began settling Bengalis in the region, causing the eviction of many tribesmen and a significant alteration of demographics. Having constituted only 11.6% of the regional population in 1974, the number of Bangalis grew by 1991 to constitute 48.5% of the regional population.[29][30][31]

Peace negotiations were initiated after the restoration of democracy in Bangladesh in 1991, but little progress was made with the government of

Chattogram Hill Tracts Peace Accord was finalised and formally signed on 2 December 1997.[33]

Subsequent growth

Humanitarian operation after Cyclone Sidr 2.

Following the 1975 coup, additional personnel were absorbed into the regular army when the martial law government abolished the

Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini. Under Zia's rule, Bangladesh was divided into five military regions . When Ershad assumed power in 1982, Army strength had estabilised at about 70,000 troops. Starting in 1985, the army had experienced another spurt in growth. As of mid-1988, it had about 90,000 troops (although some observers believed the number was closer to 80,000), triple the 1975 figure.[34]

Operation Desert Storm alongside other multinational forces under Allied Command. The Bangladesh Army brought in a contingent of Engineers and undertook the task of clearing mines and bombs in Kuwait. This assistance took place under the operational code name "Operation Kuwait Punargathan (OKP)" in English "Operation Rebuilding Kuwait (ORK)".[35]

The Bangladesh Army structure is similar to the armies of the

noncommissioned officer
educational systems.

Forces Goal 2030

CN-295W

GPS device and BD-08 assault rifles with Collimator sight
.

To increase special operation capabilities,

Type 69 tanks to Type 69IIG standard.[42] They are now upgrading 174 Type 59 tanks to Type 59G Durjoy standard.[43][44] To increase the mobility of the infantry forces, 300 armoured vehicles such as BTR-80 APC, Undisclosed numer of Otokar Cobra LAV, International MaxxPro MRAP vehicles have procured and will procurement and BOV M11 ARV have been procured.[42]

To modernize the

WS-22 Guided Multiple Rocket Launcher System. For anti-tank role Metis-M missile systems and PF-98 rocket systems were procured.[45] Two regiments of FM 90 surface to air missile were added in 2016 to enhance air defence capabilities.[46] The Army Aviation Wing is also being modernized. Two Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin's were put into service in 2012.[47] Six Mil Mi-171Sh were procured in 2016. C-295W transport aircraft was ordered from Spain one was delivered in 2017.[48][49] Another EADS CASA C-295 delivered in 2022.[1]

Bangladesh Army also procured 36 Bramor C4EYE battlefield reconnaissance UAV from Slovenia in 2017.

Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations

Map of Bangladesh Military UN Peacekeeping Force
Bangladesh Army Paracommando's patrolling at UN Mission
Patrol with armoured personnel carrier (APC)
Main article: Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force

The Bangladesh Army has been actively involved in a number of United Nations Peace Support Operations (UNPSO) since its formation in the 1970s. Its first deployments came in 1988, when it participated in two operations – UNIIMOG in Iraq and UNTAG in Namibia[50] President HM Ershad initiated these deployments for the first time, starting with the contribution to UNIIMOG in Iraq.

Later, as part of the UNIKOM force deployed to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia following the

Côte d'Ivoire and Ethiopia
.

As a result of its contributions to various UN peacekeeping operations, up to 88 Bangladesh soldiers have lost their lives (as of February 2009).[50] However, the performance of Bangladesh's contingents has been described as being of the "highest order" and the appointment of several senior Bangladesh military officers as the commander of UN peacekeeping missions and Senior Military Liaison Officers, may be seen as further recognition of the Bangladesh Army's growing esteem in the peacekeeping community.[50] In January 2004, BBC described the Bangladeshi UN Force as "Cream of UN Peacekeepers".[51]

Bangladesh Army has specialised its peacekeeping operation capabilities around the world through participation in numerous peacekeeping and nation building operations. It has created BIPSOT (Bangladesh Institute of Peace Support Operation Training) which specialises in the training of peacekeepers for employment in all types of UNPSO (UN Peace Support Operations). This institute fulfills the requirement of UNDPKO as per U.N. General Assembly resolution which outlines 'the necessity and responsibility of every nation to train their armed forces before any deployment.

Women in Bangladesh Army

Main article: Women in the Bangladesh Army
Woman soldier of Bangladesh Army at Unnayan Mela 2018 in Comilla

Bangladeshi women can join the army as ordinary soldiers since 2013; however in the officer ranks women can join since the early part of the 2000s decade while women are joining in the medical corps since the army's inception and in the

Bangladesh liberation war. Captain Sitara Begum of army medical corps was a noted woman.[52][53] On 1 October 2018 Bangladesh army got its first female major-general and the person was Susane Giti (commissioned in 1980s) and she was from the medical corps.[54] Female soldiers can also get United Nations peacekeeping duties like male soldiers.[55] On 25 January 2019, Bangladesh Army appointed four lady battalion commanders for the first time.[56]

List of Chiefs of Army Staff

Main article: Chief of Army Staff (Bangladesh)

Organisation

Bangladeshi soldiers unload a shipment of bottled water for cyclone victims.
See also: List of serving generals of the Bangladesh Army

Structure

Main article: List of formations of the Bangladesh Army

Army Headquarters

The Army Headquarters consists of Chief of Army Staff & his seven Principal Staff Officers & several Directors & Staff Officers who support, advice & assist the Chief of Army Staff for the smooth functioning of the Army. The Branches & Directorates of Army Headquarters are given below-

Chief of Army Staff's Secretariat

  • General Staff Branch
  • Quarter Master General's Branch
  • Adjutant General's Branch
  • Master General of Ordnance's Branch
  • Engineer in Chief's Branch
  • Military Secretary's Branch
  • Judge Advocate General's Branch

Administrative branches

Bangladesh Army is divided into the following administrative Corps:

Combat Arms Combat support Combat service support

Rank structure

Main article: Military ranks of Bangladesh

Commissioned Officers

Commissioned officers are honored as 'first class gazetted officers' by the Bangladesh government.[58][59]

Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Bangladesh Army[60]
জেনারেল
Jēnārēla 		লেফটেন্যান্ট জেনারেল
Lēphaṭēn'yānṭa jēnārēla 		মেজর জেনারেল
Mējara jēnārēla 		ব্রিগেডিয়ার জেনারেল
Brigēḍiẏāra jēnārēla 		কর্নেল
Karnēla 		লেফটেন্যান্ট কর্নেল
Lēphaṭēn'yānṭa karnēla 		মেজর
Mējara 		ক্যাপ্টেন
Kyāpṭēna 		লেফটেন্যান্ট
Lēphaṭēn'yānṭa 		সেকেন্ড লেফটেন্যান্ট
Sēkēnḍa lēphaṭēn'yānṭa

Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) and Ordinary Soldiers

Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM), persons holding these appointments have separate rank insignias though these are not actually ranks.[58]

Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted
 Bangladesh Army[60]
মাস্টার ওয়ারেন্ট অফিসার
Māsṭāra ōẏārēnṭa aphisāra 		সিনিয়র ওয়ারেন্ট অফিসার
Siniẏara ōẏārēnṭa aphisāra 		ওয়ারেন্ট অফিসার
Ōẏārēnṭa aphisāra 		সার্জেন্ট
Sārjēnṭa 		কর্পোর‍্যাল
Karpōra‍yāla 		ল্যান্স কর্পোর‍্যাল
Lyānsa karpōra‍yāla 		সৈনিক
Sainika
Sergeant appointments
Regiment Sergeant Major Quarter Master Sergeant Sergeant Major Master Sergeant

List of cantonments

Cantonments are where Bangladesh Army personnel work, train, and live.[61]

Educational and training institutes

Medical

University

Others

Equipment

Main article: List of equipment of the Bangladesh Army
  • FM-90 Surface to Air Missile of Bangladesh Army
    FM-90 Surface to Air Missile of Bangladesh Army
  • MBT-2000/VT-1A Main Battle Tank of Bangladesh Army
    MBT-2000/VT-1A
    Main Battle Tank of Bangladesh Army
  • Bangladesh Army Aviation Group Bayraktar TB2 UCAV
    Bayraktar TB2
    UCAV
  • Mi-171Sh Armed Assault Helicopter of Bangladesh Army Aviation Group
    Mi-171Sh Armed Assault Helicopter of Bangladesh Army Aviation Group
  • BTR-80 Armoured personnel carrier of Bangladesh Army
    BTR-80 Armoured personnel carrier of Bangladesh Army
  • WS-22 Multiple Launch Rocket System of Bangladesh Army
    WS-22
    Multiple Launch Rocket System of Bangladesh Army
  • Nora B-52 155mm Self propelled Artillery of Bangladesh Army
    Nora B-52 155mm Self propelled Artillery of Bangladesh Army
  • Bangladesh Army Aviation Group EADS CASA CN-295W
    EADS CASA CN-295W

Future modernisation plan

Main article: Forces Goal 2030

Bangladesh has made a long term modernisation plan for its Armed Forces named Forces Goal 2030. As per the plan, Bangladesh Army will be divided into three corps — Central, Eastern and Western.[36] A riverine brigade is being formed at Mithamain of Kishoreganj district. Government has a plan to add 97 new units within 2021. Of them, 19 units will be formed for the Sylhet Cantonment, 22 for the Ramu Cantonment and 56 units for the Sheikh Hasina Cantonment in Lebukhali. A Riverine Engineer Battalion is also going to be formed under a proposed cantonment at Mithamoine in Kishorganj.[62][63] Formation of two new tank regiments is under consideration.[64][65] Process of converting some regular infantry battalions into para infantry battalions and mechanized infantry battalions is also going on.[66]

New outfit of Bangladeshi infantry.

Bangladesh Army has started an ambitious modernisation program for its infantry soldiers named Infantry Soldier System. This system includes equipping all of its soldiers with modern equipment like

Anti-tank guided missile was also published in April 2017.[68] In March 2018, Bangladesh Army issued tender for the procurement of 220 anti-tank weapons. The models shortlisted are Russian RPG-7V2 and Chinese Type 69-1.[69]

Evaluation process of 155mm howitzer also started in September 2017.

T-300 Kasirga Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) system from Turkey.[73]

Bangladesh Army signed contract with China for 44 VT-5 light tanks.[74] The tanks were scheduled to be delivered within 2020.

In March 2018, tender was floated for two local warning radars. The models shortlisted for the tender are

TRML-3D/32 of Hensoldt and KRONOS Land of Leonardo.[75] Army also issued tender for procuring 181 Man-portable air-defense systems. Here, Chinese FN-16, Russian Igla-S and Swedish RBS 70 systems has been shortlisted.[76]

Army Aviation has plan to add one more EADS CASA C-295 transport aircraft to its fleet soon. Besides, process is going on to procure six more Mil Mi-171Sh helicopters. They also have a plan to add attack helicopters to the fleet in the near future.[77]

Tender was floated for procurement of a command ship in 2017. The vessel will be used as a floating command centre during different operations.[78] Several tenders were floated to procure a total of six Landing craft tank for the army between 2017 and 2018.[79][80][81] Bangladesh army issued tender for procuring two Troops Carrier Vessel (TCV) in January 2018. The vessels will be able to carry 200 personnel.[82]

On 29 June 2021, Government to Government (G2G) defence

Presidency of Defense Industries, the export agreement of various products of Roketsan has been signed with Bangladesh.[83] Roketsan already delivered TRG-300 Tiger MLRS to the Bangladesh Army in June 2021 from a separate agreement.[84]

In a ceremony on 27 October 2021, Prime Minister discussed about the ongoing modernization plan of the Bangladesh Army and its upcoming equipment. She states that one regiment of 105 mm and 155 mm each artillery guns have been procured to increase the artillery power. She added that process of procuring one battery of

MALE UAV and tactical missile system for Bangladesh Army.[85]

See also

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  • Barthorp, Michael. 1979. Indian Infantry Regiments, 1860–1914. Osprey Publishing.
    ISBN 978-0-85045-307-2

External links
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