Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami বাংলাদেশ জামায়াতে ইসলামী | |
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Election symbol | |
Party flag | |
Website | |
jamaat-e-islami.org | |
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami (
Its predecessor, the
Upon the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, the new government banned Jamaat-e-Islami from political participation since the government was secular and some of its leaders went into exile in Pakistan. Following the assassination of the first president and the military coup in 1975, the ban on the Jamaat was lifted and the new party Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh was formed. Exiled leaders were allowed to return. Abbas Ali Khan was the acting Amir of Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh. The Jamaat agenda is the creation of an "Islamic state" with the Sha'ria legal system, and outlawing "un-Islamic" practices and laws. For this reason, it interpretes their central political concept "Iqamat-e-Deen" as establishing Islamic state by possession of state power.[22]
In the 1980s, the Jamaat joined the multi-party alliance for the restoration of democracy. It later allied with Ziaur Rahman's
History
British India (1941–1947)
The Jamaat-e-Islami was founded in pre-partition British India by
Pakistan period (1947–1971)
After the creation of Pakistan, Jamaat-e-Islami divided into separate Indian and Pakistani national organisations. The
Jammat-e-Islami participated in the democratic movement in Pakistan during the Martial Law Period declared by General
As an Islamist party, JI was uninterested in ethnic issues or local languages but strongly supported Islamic unity, and so supported the Pakistani military in their campaign. East Pakistan JI head Ghulam Azam coordinated the development and operation of paramilitary forces during the war, including
Bangladesh period (1971–present)
Jamaat was banned after the independence of Bangladesh in December 1971, and its top leaders fled to West Pakistan. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh, also cancelled the citizenship of Ghulam Azam, the leader of Jamaat-e-Islami who moved to Pakistan, the Middle East and the UK.[28] Azam first fled to Pakistan and organised an "East Pakistan Recovery Week". As information about his participation in the killing of civilians came to light "a strong groundswell of resentment against" East Pakistan JI leadership developed and Azam and Maulan Abdur Rahim were sent to Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, Azam and some of his followers successfully appealed for donations to "defend Islam" in Bangladesh, asserting that the Hindu minority there were "killing Muslims and burning their homes."[29]
President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was assassinated by a small group of Bangladesh Army officers in August 1975. These post-Mujibur regimes were immediately recognised by both Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, and Jamaat-e-Islami once again resumed political activities in Bangladesh. Rahman also allowed Azam to return to Bangladesh as the leader of Jamaat-e-Islami.[28]
After the end of
Bangladesh police arrested Jamaat-e-Islami chief and former Industry Minister
List of Ameers
- Mawlana Muhammad Abdur Rahim (1956−1960)
- Professor Ghulam Azam (1960−2000)
- Abbas Ali Khan (Acting)
- Motiur Rahman Nizami (2000−2016)
- Mawlana Maqbul Ahmed (2016−2019)
- Dr. Shafiqur Rahman (2019–present)
Controversy
Accusations of war crimes
Many of Jamaat's leaders are accused of
International Crimes Tribunal
The International Crimes Tribunal was formed in 2009, shortly after the
By November 2011, the International Crimes Tribunal had charged two BNP leaders and ten Jamaat leaders with
Abul Kalam Azad, a nationally known Islamic cleric and a former member of Jamaat, was charged with genocide, rape, abduction, confinement and torture. He was tried in absentia after having fled the country; police believe he is in Pakistan.[33] In January 2013, Azad was the first suspect to be convicted in the trials; he was found guilty of seven of eight charges and sentenced to death by hanging.[34] Azad's defence lawyer, a prominent Supreme Court lawyer appointed by the state, did not have any witnesses in the case; he said Azad's family failed to cooperate in helping locate witnesses and refused to testify as there was no chance of a fair trial.[35]
The summary of verdict in the conviction of
As a result of the trials, the activists of the
On 28 February 2013 Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, the deputy of Jamaat, was found guilty of genocide, rape and religious persecution. He was sentenced to death by hanging.[40] His defence lawyer had earlier complained that a witness who was supposed to testify for him was abducted from the gates of the courthouse on 5 November 2012, reportedly by police, and has not been heard from since. The government did not seem to take the issue seriously after the prosecution denied there was a problem. Point to note the security forces probably killed the witness as the entire judicial process was to simply vanish the opposition.[41]
Muhammad Kamaruzzaman, senior assistant secretary general of Jamaat-e-Islami was indicted on 7 June 2012 on 7 counts of crimes against humanity.[42] On 9 May 2013, he was convicted and given the death penalty on five counts of mass killings, rape, torture and kidnapping.[43]
Ghulam Azam, ameer of Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh until 2000 was found guilty by the ICT on five counts. Incitement, conspiracy, planning, abatement and failure to prevent murder. He was sentenced on 15 July 2013 to 90 years imprisonment.[44]
Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed, Secretary General of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami was sentenced to death by hanging on 22 November 2015.[45]
Cancellation of registration
On 27 January 2009, the Bangladesh Supreme Court issued a ruling after 25 people from different Islamic organisations, including Bangladesh Tariqat Federation's Secretary General Syed Rezaul Haque Chandpuri, Jaker Party's Secretary General Munshi Abdul Latif and Sammilita Islami Jote's President Maulana Ziaul Hasan, filed a joint petition. Jamaat e Islami chief
On 5 August 2013 the Supreme Court rejected Jamaat's plea against the High Court. The chamber judge of the Appellate Division Justice AHM Shamsuddin Choudhury Manik while rejecting the Jamaat's petition seeking stay on the High Court verdict, said that the Jamaat could move a regular appeal before the Appellate Division against the verdict after getting its full text.[51]
Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir
The student wing
2013 violence
In February 2013, following the verdict by the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT), and the announcement of death sentence of
By March 2013, at least 87 people killed by the government security forces.[69] The Jamaat-e-Islami supporters called for the fall of the government.[69][additional citation(s) needed]Supporters of Jamaat and its student wing Shibir have been involved in violence.[70] They have been accused widely from murdering opponent political party activists to instigating riots by spreading fradulent news.[70][71][72]
Election results
Election year | Votes | % of Percentage | Seats | +/– |
---|---|---|---|---|
1986 | 13,14,057 | 4.60% | 10 / 300 |
|
1988 | Boycotted | |||
1991 | 4,117,737 | 12.2% | 18 / 300 |
8 |
1996 | 3,653,013 | 8.6 | 3 / 300 |
15 |
2001 | 2,385,361 | 4.28 | 17 / 300 |
14 |
2008 | 3,186,384 | 4.6% | 2 / 300 |
15 |
2014 | Party banned in 2013 by Supreme Court. |
Year | Results |
---|---|
1973 | Party banned because it was an Islamist party and so was a threat to Secularism |
1979 | Party legalized under the name "Islamic Democratic League" Together with larger Muslim League won 20 seats. |
1986 | 10 seats.[7] |
1991 | 18 seats.[7] |
1996 | 3 seats.[7] |
2001 | 17 seats. (took part by forming alliance with 3 other parties.)[7] |
2008 | 2 seats.[73](took part by forming alliance with 3 other parties.) |
2013 | The Bangladesh Supreme Court declared the registration of the Jamaat-e-Islami illegal, ruling that the party is unfit to contest national polls.[11][12][13][14] |
See also
- List of Islamic political parties
- Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
- List of political parties in Bangladesh
References
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- ISBN 978-0-87003-214-1.
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- ^ "Bangladesh: The Wind in Jamaat-e-Islami's Sails is Worrying for India". www-thequint-com.org. 28 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Rahman, FM Mostafizur (2012). "Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Bangladesh's election: The tenacity of hope". The Economist. 30 December 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
[The BNP] seems also to have been hurt by its alliance with Islamist parties, the largest of which, Jamaat-e-Islami, was reduced from 17 seats to just two.
- ^ "Jamaat almost finalizes constitution of its new party". Dhaka Tribune. 17 July 2020.
- ^ "Bangladesh and war crimes: Blighted at birth". The Economist q. 1 July 2010.
West [Pakistan]'s army had the support of many of East Pakistan's Islamist parties. They included Jamaat-e-Islami, still Bangladesh's largest Islamist party ... reinstating and enforcing that original constitution might amount to an outright ban on Jamaat, the standard bearer in Bangladesh for a conservative strain of Islam.
- ^ a b "Jamaat loses registration". bdnews24.com. 1 August 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ a b c "Bangladesh court declares Jamaat illegal". Al Jazeera. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ a b c "Bangladesh high court restricts Islamist party Jamaat". BBC News. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ a b c Farid Ahmed; Saeed Ahmed (1 August 2013). "Bangladesh high court declares rules against Islamist party". CNN. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-7656-1747-7.
- ^ a b "Bangladesh party leader accused of war crimes in 1971 conflict". The Guardian. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- ^ "Charges pressed against Ghulam Azam". New Age. Dhaka. 12 December 2011. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
- ^ "Ghulam Azam was 'involved'". The Daily Star. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
- ^ "Bangladesh: Abdul Kader Mullah gets life sentence for war crimes". BBC News. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- ^ ভারতীয় চক্রান্ত বরদাস্ত করব না [We will never tolerate Indian conspiracy]. The Daily Sangram. 13 April 1971.
- ISBN 978-0-8330-4807-3.
- ISBN 978-3-030-42909-6.
- ^ "Then with AL, now with BNP". The Daily Star. 5 January 2014.
- ^ "Supporters of Awami League-Supporters of Jamaat-e-Islami". Uppsala Conflict Data Project. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
- ISBN 978-1-58901-463-3.
In the debate over whether Muslims should establish their own state, separate from a Hindu India, Maududi initially argued against such a creation and asserted that the establishment of a political Muslim state defined by borders violated the idea of the universal umma. Citizenship and national borders, which would characterize the new Muslim state, contradicted the notion that Muslims should not be separated by one another by these temporal boundaries. In this milieu, Maududi founded the organization Jama'at-e Islami. ... The Jama'at for its first few years worked actively to prevent the partition, but once partition became inevitable, it established offices in both Pakistan and India.
- ^ Rasheed, Nighat (2007). A critical study of the reformist trends in the Indian Muslim society during the nineteenth century (PDF) (PhD). Aligarh Muslim University. p. 336. Retrieved 2 March 2020. The Jama'at -i-Islami was founded in 1941. Maulana Maududi being its founder strongly opposed the idea of creating Pakistan, a separate Muslim country, by dividing India, but surprisingly after the creation of Pakistan he migrated to Lahore. Again in the beginning he was opposed to and denounced the struggle for Kashmir as un-Islamic, for which he was imprisoned in 1950, but later on in 1965, he changed his views and endorsed the Kashmir war as Jihad. Maulana Maududi took an active part in demanding discriminative legislation and executive action against the Ahmadi sect leading to widespread rioting and violence in Pakistan. He was persecuted arrested and imprisoned for advocating his political ideas through his writings and speeches. During the- military regime from 1958 the Jama'at-iIslami was banned and was revived only in 1962, Maududi was briefly imprisoned. He refused to apologize for his actions or to request clemency from the government. He demanded his freedom to speak and accepted the punishment of death as the will of God. His fierce commitment to his ideals caused his supporters worldwide to rally for his release and the government acceded commuting his death sentence to a term of life imprisonment. Eventually the military government pardoned Maulana Maududi completely
- ISBN 978-0-19-514798-8.
Mawdudi (d. 1979) was opposed to the partition of India, preferring that Muslims reclaim all of India for Islam.
- ^ a b "Bangladesh war crimes trial: Key accused". BBC News. 16 June 2015.
- ^ Karlekar, Hiranmay (2005). Bangladesh: The Next Afghanistan?. SAGE. p. 48.
- ^ "Nizami executed". Prothom Alo. Archived from the original on 11 May 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
- ^ Azad, M Abul Kalam (30 December 2008). "Jamaat in checkmate". The Daily Star.
- ^ "Bangladesh sentences Jamaat-e-Islami leader to death for war crimes". The Guardian. Associated Press. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
- ^ Quadir, Serajul (21 January 2013). "Islamic cleric sentenced to death for Bangladesh war crimes". Reuters.
- ^ Ahmed, Tanim; Golam Mujtaba (21 January 2013). "ICT's death penalty for 'Bachchu Razakar'". bdnews24.com.
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- ^ "Summary of verdict in Quader Mollah case". The Daily Star. 6 February 2013.
- ^ "Shahbagh grand rally demands ban on Jamaat". The Daily Star. 9 February 2013.
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- ^ "Bill to ban Jamaat on way". bdnews24.com. 12 February 2013.
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- ^ Adams, Brad (16 January 2013). "Bangladesh: Find Abducted Witness". Thomson Reuters Foundation.
- ^ "Kamaruzzaman verdict 'any day'". bdnews24.com. 16 April 2013.
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- ^ "Bangladesh upholds death sentence for war collaborator". India Today. 16 June 2015.
- OCLC 21593686.
- ^ "British Muslim leader Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin indicted for genocide and crimes against humanity". The Telegraph. London. Agence France-Presse. 2 May 2013. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
- ^ Writ Petition 630/2009 Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "HC declares Jamaat registration illegal". The Independent. Dhaka. 1 August 2013. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013.
- ^ "Bangladesh's volatile politics: The battling begums". The Economist. 10 August 2013. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013.
- ^ Habib, Haroon (5 August 2013). "Bangladesh SC rejects Jamaat's plea against disqualification". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
- ^ "Islami Chhatra Shibir (ICS)". Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ "Islami Chhatra Shibir". Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Habib, Haroon (18 July 2013). "Jamaat secretary-general gets death penalty for war crimes". The Hindu.
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- ^ "Key man of Al-Badr". The Daily Star. 10 May 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ "Mirpur butcher Molla must die, says SC". bdnews24.com. 17 September 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ "Mojaheed indicted for genocide, crimes against humanity". New Age. Dhaka. 22 June 2012. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
- ^ "Shibir collects tolls from the hostel residents in 2 Ctg colleges". New Age. 13 September 2011. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013.
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- ^ "Tribunal hears war crimes of Sayedee". The Daily Star. 5 August 2010.
- ^ "Bagerhat, Barisal Hindu temples set ablaze". Bdnews24.com. 2 March 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
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- ^ সহিংসতায় সংখ্যালঘু সম্প্রদায়ের অর্ধশতাধিক উপাসনালয় ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত [Violent Vandalism of More Than 50 Temples of Minority Communities]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
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Baxter, C (1997). Bangladesh, from a Nation to a State. Westview Press.
External links
- Full verdict on Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami's registration cancellation
- Jamaat was 'involved in war crimes'
- Jamaat-e-Islami Manifesto
- Nizami, Motiur Rahman. "Islamic Political Parties within the democratic process in Bangladesh: The Jamaat Approach" (PDF). Chatham House. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 January 2007.
- Study ranks Shibir world's 3rd top armed group