Bani Khalid (tribe)
(Redirected from
Bani Khalid
) | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Arabic. (February 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
| Bani Khalid بني خالد | |
|---|---|
 Flag of the Bani Khalid Emirate | |
| Ethnicity | Arab |
| Nisba | Al-Khalidi الخالدي |
| Location | Saudi Arabia |
| Descended from | Khalid ibn al-Walid (Disputed) |
| Parent tribe | Quraysh |
| Language | Arabic Najdi |
| Religion | Islam |
Bani Khalid (
Arabic: بني خالد) is an Arab tribal confederation mainly inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula. The tribe ruled southern Iraq, Kuwait, and Eastern Arabia (al-Hasa and al-Qatif) from the 15th century to the 18th century, and again under the auspices of the Ottoman Empire during the early 19th century. At its greatest extent, the domain of Bani Khalid extended from Iraq in the north to the borders of Oman in the South, and Bani Khalid wielded political influence by ruling the region of Najd in central Arabia. Most of the tribe's members presently reside in eastern and central Saudi Arabia, while others live in Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates. Bani Khalid has both Shia Muslim[1][2][3] and Sunni Muslim members.[4][5]
Lineage
The tribe traditionally claims descent from
companion of Muhammad, and esteemed general who was crucial in the Muslim conquest of Persia and the Levant. This claim has been questioned by Arab genealogists who have suggested that the tribe may descend from his relatives from Banu Makhzum
and not from Khalid himself, alternatively, they have largely been attributed to.
He mentioned in the lineage of Bani Khalid a number of sayings; Most notably:
- They are from the tribe of Banu Rabi'ah bin 'Amir bin Sa'sa'a from the Hawazin tribe[6][7][8][9]
- They are a tribe from Banu Ghazia from the Tayy tribe[10][11][7]
- They are a tribe from the offspring of Khalid ibn al-Walid, from Banu Makhzum, from the Quraysh tribe[12][13][14][15]
A number of lineages from the Quraish tribe mentioned the discontinuation of Khalid bin Al-Walid's offspring and the extinction of his son, and that his relative Ayoub bin Salama bin Abdullah bin Al-Walid bin Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah Al-Makhzumi Al -Qurashi inherited the money of Khaled bin Al-Walid bin Al-Mughira, after the death of his last descendant.
The oldest historical text in which the tribe of Bani Khalid was mentioned is what was reported by Ibn al-Atheer in his book "Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh", speaking about the events of the year 513 AH, saying: (a group of people known as Bani Khalid); It was mentioned that their homes are near Lake Tiberias in Palestine, but the Bani Khalid that Ibn al-Athir mentioned here is not necessarily the current tribe of Bani Khalid.
History
Jabrid Emirate
.png)
The Jabrids were the ruling class of the Bani Khaild tribe in Nejd. The Jabrids established the Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia and Nejd from the 15th to the 16th century.
Banu jabr followed the
Maliki Sunni school, and made Al-Ahsa
, the capital for their Emirate and the stronghold for the Bani Khaild tribe.
The descendants of Banu Jabr can still be found in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia, mainly in the members of Al-Mohaimeed family, Al-Dakhil family, and the descendants of the Shiekh Sultan Bin Saud Al-Jabri in The Sultanate of Oman.
First Khalidi Emirate
The main branches of the tribe are the Al Humaid, the Juboor, the Du'um, the Al Janah, the Al suhoob, the Grusha, the Al Musallam,the 'Amayer, the Al Subaih and the Mahashir & Nahood. The first chieftain of the "Khawalid" was Haddori.
Fall to the Saudis
The Bani Khalid of eastern Arabia maintained ties with members of their tribe who had settled in
Dir'iyyah, where he joined forces with the Al Saud. The Bani Khalid remained staunch enemies of the Saudis and their allies and attempted to invade Nejd and Diriyyah in an effort to stop Saudi expansion. Their efforts failed, however, and after conquering Nejd, the Saudis invaded the Bani Khalid's domain in al-Hasa and deposed the Al 'Ura'yir in 1793. In the early 1950s, many Al Arabi people originating from Iraq migrated to Saudi Arabia Al Qassim.[21]
Khalidis of Jerusalem
The Khalidis of Jerusalem rose to prominence during
Nashashibis
. The Khalidi family held the banner of the Qaysi faction in Jerusalem while the Husaynis held the banner of the Yamanis. After the fall of Egypt and the Levant to the Ottomans, the Khalidis grew in power, with many of them holding key offices.
After the
Zadok Kahn Chief Rabbi of France, calling him to the Zionist cause. He replied with a letter, "In the Name of God, Leave Palestine Alone". Zadok Kahn showed the letter to Theodor Herzl
the founder of political Zionism, Herzl replied "If we are not wanted in Palestine, we will search and we will find elsewhere what we seek".
Ruhi al-Khalidi
Yusuf Dia Pasha's nephew, Ittihad ve Terraki for their lack of seriousness with dealing with the Zionist threat. His rising political career ended with his death to typhoid
in 1913. Both Yusuf and Ruhi were part of the Ittihad be Terraki, a right wing party believing in Ottoman Islamist Nationalism, as opposed to their Husseini rivals who were Arab Nationalists.
After the Collapse of the Ottomans in WW1 due to the
Oxford University. The nephew of Hussein al-Khalidi, Rashid Khalidi, is a professor at Columbia University
and has written extensively on the Palestinian Exodus.
_sheikhs_and_effendies_in_front_of_Bibboth_Khaldieh_(i.e.,_Khalidiyah_Library),_Jerusalem_LOC_matpc.06804.jpg)
The Khalidis of Jerusalem established the famous Khalidi Library near the Aqsa Mosque, which is open till this day.
Return and fall from power
When the
'Anizzah tribe in this period, they were eventually defeated by an alliance of several tribes along with the Al Saud, who had reestablished their rule in Riyadh in 1823. A battle with an alliance led by the Mutayr and 'Ajman tribes in 1823,[23] and another battle with the Subay' and the Al Saud in 1830, brought the rule of the Bani Khalid to a close. The Ottomans appointed a governor from Bani Khalid over al-Hasa once more in 1874, but his rule was also short-lived.[24]
Present
Many clans and sections of the Bani Khalid had already settled in al-Hasa and Nejd by this time, but many of those who remained leaving east Arabia after their military defeats against Ibn Saud, eventually settled in Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine. The clan today consists of important rulers[clarification needed], and members of government. Many families from Bani Khalid can be found today in Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Palestine, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Qatar.
Notable people
Among the tribe's members are:
- Rashid Khalidi (born 1948), Palestinian American historian of the Middle East; son of Ismail Khalidi
- Husayn al-Khalidi(1895–1962), mayor of Jerusalem (1934–1937)
- Mustafa al-Khalidi (died 1944), the last Palestinian-Arab mayor of Jerusalem (1938–1944)
- Shaykh Ahmad, Shia Muslim theologian and jurist
- Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair, mother of Prince Turki and King Saud
- Ahmed Juffali, Saudi businessman
- Salman al-Ouda, Saudi Muslim scholar
- minister of environment, water and agriculture
- Anbara Salam Khalidi (1897–1986), Lebanese feminist, translator and author
- Yousef al-Khalidi (1829 or 1842–1906), mayor of Jerusalem (1899–1907)
- Walid Khalidi born 1925), influential Palestinian historian; son of Ahmad Samih Khalidi, dean of the Arab College of Jerusalem
Notes
- ^ Yitzhak Nakash (2011)for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World p. 22
- ^ "Arabia, history of." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 30 November 2007 "The Ottomans (From history of Arabia) -- Encyclopędia Britannica". Archived from the original on 29 August 2006. Retrieved 1 December 2007. [need quotation to verify]
- ^ Nakkash[verification needed]
- ISBN 9781849042147. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
- ISBN 9788772890685. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
- ^ altaeliqat walnawadir (Arabic) Page 1330, page 686, page 687
- ^ a b nihayat al'iirb (Arabic) page 226
- ^ altaeliqat walnawadir (Arabic) 2/686
- ^ Diwan Ibn Musharraf (Arabic) page 37
- ^ Banu Khaled and their relationship to Najd (Arabic) page 64
- ^ nubdhat fi 'ansab 'ahl najd (Arabic) Page 85 Page 105
- ^ nihayat al'iirb (Arabic) page 242
- ^ Arab Tribes in the Seventh and Eighth Hijri Centuries (Arabic) Page 143
- ^ Subh Al-Asha (Arabic) Part 1 Page 355
- ^ Subh Al-Asha (Arabic) Part 4 Page 215-214
- ^ Al-Jassir
- ^ Mandaville, p. 503
- ^ Fattah, p. 83
- ^ a b Ibn Agil, p. 78
- ^ شبكة قبيلة بني خالد Archived 4 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bashir, Sani Ali. "A study of Āl-Khalīfah's rule in Bahrain, 1783-1820 /". escholarship.mcgill.ca. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
- ^ Khalidi Library [dead link]
- ^ Meglio
- ^ Al-Rasheed, p. 36
References
- Anscombe, Frederick F., The Ottoman Gulf: the creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qater, 1870–1914, Columbia University Press, New York 1997
- Fattah, Hala Mundhir, The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf, 1745–1900, SUNY Press, 1997 [1]
- Ibn Agil al-Zahiri, Ansab al-Usar al-Hakima fi al-Ahsa ("The Genealogies of the Ruling Families of al-Ahsa, Part II: Banu Humayd (Al 'Uray'ir)"), Dar al-Yamama, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Arabic)
- أبو عبدالرحمن بن عقيل الظاهري، "أنساب الأسر الحاكمة في الأحساء، القسم الثاني: بنو حميد (آل عريعر)"، من منشورات دار اليمامة، الرياض، المملكة العربية السعودية
- Ingham, B. "Muṭayr." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 1 December 2007 [2][permanent dead link]
- Al-Jassir, Hamad, Jamharat Ansab al-Usar al-Mutahaddirah fi Nejd ("Compendium of the Geanologies of the Settled Families of Nejd"), entry on "Banu Khalid" (Arabic)
- al-Juhany, Uwaidah, Najd Before the Salafi Reform Movement, Ithaca Press, 2002
- Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, republished by Gregg International Publishers Limited Westemead. Farnborough, Hants., England and Irish University Press, Shannon, Irelend. Printed in Holland, 1970
- Mandaville, Jon E., "The Ottoman Province of al-Hasā in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries", Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 90, No. 3. (Jul. - Sep., 1970), pp. 486–513 JSTOR 597091
- Meglio, R. Di. "banū Ḵh̲ālid ." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 1 December 2007 [3] Archived 8 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Nakash, Yitzhak,[who?] Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World, Princeton University Press, 2006, online excerpt at [4] Archived 3 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 5 Dec 2007
- Oppenheim, Max Freiherr von, with Braunlich, Erich and Caskill, Werner, Die Beduinen, 4 volumes, Otto Harrassowitz Wiesbaden 1952 (German)
- Szombathy, Zoltan, Genealogy in Medieval Muslim Societies, Studia Islamica, No. 95. (2002), pp. 5–35 JSTOR 1596139
- Al-Rasheed, Madawi, A History of Saudi Arabia, Cambridge University Press, 2002 (through GoogleBooks [5])
- Rentz, George, "Notes on Oppenheim's 'Die Beduinen'", Oriens, Vol. 10, No. 1. (31 Jul. 1957), pp. 77–89 JSTOR 1578756
- Al-Wuhaby, Abd al-Karim al-Munif, Banu Khalid wa 'Alaqatuhum bi Najd ("Banu Khalid and their Relations with Nejd"), Dar Thaqif lil-Nashr wa-al-Ta'lif, 1989 (Arabic)
- عبدالكريم الوهيبي، "بنو خالد وعلاقتهم بنجد"، دار ثقيف للنشر والتأليف، 1989
These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu. | |
| |
Part of Arab tribes |
