List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid

This is a selection of people subject to a "banning order" by the

. The prohibition on attending meetings meant that the banned person could not be with more than one other person at a time. The banned person was forbidden all contact with other banned persons and was forbidden to engage in any political activity. The penalty for violating a banning order was up to five years in prison.

Some people subject to banning orders

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Over 1600 people have been subjected to banning orders.[5] Prominent among these are:

• Eric Abraham: Banned for intended 5 years in 1976, fled to Botswana in 1977, granted political asylum in UK.
• John Aitchison: banned 1965–1970, 1971–1976.
• Phyllis Altman: Banned in 1964.^[6]
• Jacqueline Arenstein: Banned in 1963, 1973 and 1978.^[7]
• Farouk Asvat: banned 1973 to 1978:[1],[2],[3],[4];
• Mabel Balfour: Banned in 1963.^[8]
• Saul Bastomsky: Banned in 1965, emigrated to UK, 1966 to Australia^[9]
• Mary Benson: Banned in 1966.^[10]
• Jean Bernadt: Banned 1959 to 1964.
• Hilda Bernstein: Banned 1953 and 1958.^[11][12]
• Lionel Bernstein: Banned 1950 and 1953.^[13]
• Steve Biko: Banned February 1973 to 1977 (killed in police custody).^{[14][15][16][17][18]}
• Brian Brown: Banned 17 October 1977 for five years.^[19]
• Peter Brown at South African History Online^[20]
• Dennis Brutus: Banned for 5 years, October 1960.
• NUSAS): Banned 27 February 1973; restrictions lifted 1976.^[21][22]
• Yusuf Dadoo: Banned 1953 until exile and death in 1983.^[23]
• Lionel Davis: Banned 1971 to 1976.
• Cosmas Desmond: Author of “The Discarded People” which exposed the sufferings of people who were forcibly moved from their homes.
• Patrick Duncan: Banned 1961, 1962; went into exile 1962
• Bettie du Toit: Banned in 1952.^[24]
• Paula Ensor (member of NUSAS): Banned 27 February 1973 to 31 March 1978. Left for Botswana clandestinely in 1976.^{[25][21][26][22]}
• Vic Finkelstein: Banned for five years in 1967 and emigrated to the UK in 1968.^[27]
• Ruth First: Banned 1960 to 1982 (killed in exile by police letter bomb).
• Ela Gandhi: Banned in 1975.
• Alcott 'Skei' Gwentshe
  : Banned November 1952; sentenced to 9 years in prison for violating the banning order, 26 March 1953.
• Bertha Gxowa: Banned in 1960.^[28]
• Adelaine Hain: Banned in 1963.^[29]
• Viola Hashe: Banned in 1963 until her death in 1977.^[30]
• Ruth Hayman: Banned from 1966 to 1981 (died in exile).
• Sedick Isaacs: Banned from 1977 to 1984.^[31][32]
• Helen Joseph: Banned four times, starting in 1957.
• Ronnie Kasrils: Banned 1962 to 1990.
• Clive Keegan (ex-vice-president of NUSAS): Banned 27 February 1973 for five years; left for Botswana clandestinely in 1976.^[21][22]
• Bennie Khoapa: Banned 1973 to 1978; went into exile 1978.^[33]
• Theo Kotze:^[19] Banned 17 October 1977 for five years.
• Sheila Barsel Lapinsky (general secretary of NUSAS): Banned 27 February 1973 to 31 March 1978. The only one of the group of NUSAS members banned on that date to serve her time in the country.^[34][21][22]
• Philippe Le Roux (NUSAS member): Banned 27 February 1973 for five years. Left the country on an exit permit.^[21][22]
• Norman Levy: Banned in 1964, left for UK in 1968.^[35]
• Petrus Willem Letlalo (founding member of the
  ANC): Banned 1960 to 1980, including under banning order number 1527.^[36] Died at the age of 99, after a debilitating stroke in 1981.^[37]
• Albert Lutuli
  : Banned 1952 to 1967.
• Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
• Elizabeth Mafekeng: Banned in 1959.^[38]
• Mac Maharaj: Banned on release from prison in 1976; went into exile in 1977.^[39]
• Trevor Manuel: Banned 1985 to 1986, banned again 1988.
• Todd Matshikiza^[40]
• Joe Matthews: Banned in 1953 (went into exile in 1960).^[41]
• Cedric Mayson:^[19] Banned 17 October 1977 for five years.
• Fatima Meer: Banned in 1952.
• Florence Mkhize: Banned in 1952.
• Mary Moodley: Banned in 1963.^[42]
• Kay Moonsamy: Banned in 1963.
• Josie Mpama: Banned in 1955.^[43]
• H. Selby Msimang: Banned in 1967.^[44]
• Shulamith Muller: Banned in 1962; went into exile in 1962 (died in exile in 1978).^[45]
• Beyers Naudé: Banned 1977 to 1984.
• Rita Ndzanga: Banned in 1964.^[46]
• J. B. Marks: Banned 1950 to 1972 (died in exile).
• Barney Pityana
• Paul Pretorius (NUSAS president):^[21] Banned from 27 February 1973 for five years, but his restrictions were lifted in 1976.^[22]

• 

  Mamphela Ramphele: Banned 1977 to 1984.
• Peter Ralph Randall: Banned 17 October 1977 for five years.
• Robert Resha:^[47] Banned 1961 (died in exile in 1973).^[48]
• Ian Robertson (NUSAS president): Banned 1966 to 1971.^[49][50]
• Marius Schoon
  : Banned 1976 to 1990.
• Jeanette Schoon (née Curtis), former member of the South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU), wife of Marius Schoon and sister of Neville Curtis: Banned 1976 for five years.^[51] Murdered in exile in Angola by a letter bomb delivered by Craig Williamson, a spy for the security police, along with her six-year-old daughter.^[52]
• Dulcie September: Banned 1969 to 1973 (assassinated outside the ANC's Paris office in 1988).
• Annie Silinga
• Walter Sisulu: Banned 1955 to 1990.
• Robert Sobukwe: Banned 1969 to 1978.
• Barry Streek, withdrawn shortly after banning.^[53]
• Oliver Tambo: Banned 1959 to 1990.
• Rick Turner: Banned 27 February 1973, murdered 1978.^[22]
• Chris Wood: Banned 27 February 1973 (left for Botswana clandestinely in 1976).^[21][22]
• Dorothy Williams: Banned 1964 to 1969.^[54]
• Donald Woods: Banned 1977 to 1990 (fled South Africa on New Year's Eve 1977).

See also

• Banned persons law
• House arrest

References