Banu Aws
Banu Aws ( Arabic: بنو أوس) | |
---|---|
Banu Zahran of the Banu Azd | |
Nisba | Awsi |
Location | Medina, Hejaz |
Descended from | Zahran tribe |
The Banū Aws (
The Aws tribe descend from the ancient tribe al-Azd, a branch of the Qahtanite Arabs[4] Aws and Khazraj were known as Banū Qayla (بنو قيلة [ˈbænuː ˈqɑjlæ]) in pre-Islamic era.[1]
Etymology
The word al-Aws means "the gift", probably a contraction for Aws Manāt (
Early history
About AD 300,
During the period before the Hijra, Abu Qays al-Aslat of the clan of Wāʼil, the leader of Aws, gave away the leadership to Ḥuḍayr bin Simāk of ʻAbd al-Ashhal. After a serious defeat, ʻAbd al-Ashhal and Ẓafar were withdrawn from Yathrib. The opposing leader, ʻAmr bin Nuʻmān, of the Khazrajite clan of Bayāḍa, drove the Jewish tribes of
A
There were many Jewish tribes in Medina: Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza, Banu Qaynuqa and so many others. During the battle, the Banu Nadir and the Banu Qurayza fought with the Banu Aws, and the Banu Qaynuqa were allied with the Banu Khazraj. The latter were defeated after a long and desperate battle.[3]
Hijrah
Muhammad came to Medina as a mediator, invited to resolve the feud between the Banu Aws and the Banu Khazraj. He ultimately did so by absorbing both factions into his Muslim community and forbidding bloodshed among Muslims.[citation needed]
The Banu Aws were included in the Constitution of Medina as allies to the Muslims, "one nation/community with the Believers".[9][10] Then, Banu Aws and others became known as the Ansar.[citation needed]
Banu Qurayza
The Banu Qurayza were a Jewish tribe who lived in Medina. The tribe's men, apart from a few who converted to Islam, were sentenced to death in 627 in retaliation for Banu Qurayza treachery and subversion in aiding the Meccan pagan enemies who had launched a ferocious attack on Madinah, in order to eliminate the Muslims and their allies during the Battle of the Trench.
Since the Banu Qurayza had been an ally of the Banu Aus during the Battle of Bu'ath, they choose
People
- Sa'ad ibn Mua'dh - head[11]
- Bashir ibn Sa'ad leader[12]
- Usaid bin Hudair bin Sammak[13]
- Sa‘d bin Khaithamah bin Al-Harith[13]
- Rifa‘a bin ‘Abdul Mundhir bin Zubair[13]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Watt 1986, p. 771.
- ^ Gottheil & Hirschfeld
- ^ a b c d e f g Jacobs & Montgomery
- ISBN 9780791418758.
- ^ Muir 1858, p. ccxxx.
- ^ Al Mubarakpuri 2002, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Muir 1858, p. ccxxxi.
- ^ a b Bosworth 1986, p. 1283.
- ^ a b c The Message Archived May 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Medina Charter - Wikisource". en.wikisource.org. Archived from the original on 2006-06-27.
- ^ a b "Relations with the JewsLevel2P1". Archived from the original on 2014-06-28. Retrieved 2006-06-28.
- ^ Imamate: The Vicegerency of the Prophet Al-islam.org [1]
- ^ on SunniPath.
Sources
- Al Mubarakpuri, Safi ur Rahman (2002). "Arab Tribes". The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet. Darussalam. ISBN 9960-899-55-1. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
- Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- Muir, William (sir.) (1858). "Yathreb or Medîna". The Life of Mahomet. Smith. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ISBN 90-04-08114-3.