Banu Ukhaidhir
The Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir (
History
The founder of the dynasty was Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Ukhaidhir ibn Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Djawn ibn Abd Allah al-Kāmil ibn Al-Hasan al-Mu'thannā bin Al-
Al-Yamamah at the time was nominally part of the Abbasid Caliphate, but the central government had largely neglected the area for years due to its remoteness. With the exception of the occasional raid by government forces,
It is not known how much of al-Yamamah was ruled by Muhammad and his descendants. Descriptions of the extent of the amirate by medieval
The early rule of the Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir was characterized by a sustained economic depression. Thousands of people are recorded as having emigrated from al-Yamamah to various provinces of the caliphate in order to escape the turmoil. Muhammad has been blamed for this period of hardship due to his oppressive rule,[8] although it has been noted that reports of mass emigration from al-Yamamah began years before his arrival.[9]
Muhammad was succeeded as amir by his son Yusuf, who was himself succeeded by his son Isma'il. Isma'il established an alliance with the powerful
Isma'il was succeeded by his son al-Hasan, and at this point the amirate likely subordinate to the Qarmatians.[10] After the rule of al-Hasan's son Ahmad, the history of the Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir becomes obscure. When the traveler Nasir-i Khusraw arrived in al-Yamamah in 1051, the Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir were still ruling there, but at some point after this the Banu Kilab took over the country.[9]
Rulers
- Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Ukhaidhir (from 866)
- Yusuf ibn Muhammad
- Isma'il ibn Yusuf (to 928)
- Al-Hasan ibn Yusuf
- Ahmad ibn al-Hasan
- Abu 'l-Muqallid Ja'far
- Descendants of Abu 'l-Muqallid Ja'far
After Ahmad, the list of rulers becomes uncertain, but later amirs were descendants of his son Abu 'l-Muqallid Ja'far.[9]
See also
- Alids
- List of Shi'a Muslim dynasties
Notes
- ^ See Nasir Khusraw's Safarnameh.
- ^ Tabari, v. 35: pp. 108-9; Mas'udi, p. 395
- ^ Madelung, "Banu Saj"
- ^ Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792; Mas'udi, pp. 402-3
- ^ For one such incident, see Tabari, v. 34: pp. 46-51
- ^ Askar, p. 139
- ^ Juhany, pp. 45-6
- ^ Askar, pp. 139-40
- ^ a b c d Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792
- ^ Askar, p. 140
References
- Al-Askar, Abdullah. Al-Yamama in the Early Islamic Era. Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 2002. ISBN 0-86372-400-0
- Al-Juhany, Uwaidah M. Najd Before the Salafi Reform Movement: Social, Political, and Religious Conditions During the Three Centuries Preceding the Rise of the Saudi State. Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 2002. ISBN 0-86372-401-9
- Madelung, W. "Banu Saj." Encyclopaedia Iranica. Ed. Ehsan Yarshater. Columbia University. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7.
- Al-Mas'udi, Ali ibn al-Husain. Les Prairies D'Or, Tome Septieme. Trans. C. Barbier de Meynard. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1873.
- ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.