Baoding

Coordinates: 38°52′26″N 115°27′50″E / 38.874°N 115.464°E / 38.874; 115.464
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the county in Hainan, see
Baoting. For other uses, see Baoding (disambiguation)
.
Baoding
保定市
Paoting
Postal code
071000
Area code0312
ISO 3166 codeCN-HE-06
License plate prefixes冀F
Websitewww.baoding.gov.cn
Baoding
Hanyu Pinyin
Bǎodìng
Wade–GilesHan2-tan1
IPA/baʊ.dɪŋ/
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationbou2 ding6
JyutpingBou-ding
IPA/pou˨˩.tiŋ˨/

Baoding is a

conurbated.[1] Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million, ranking seventh.[5] Zhuozhou City in the northern part has now grown into part of the Beijing metro area.[citation needed
]

Baoding was the capital of

Zhili Province and the residence of the Viceroy of Zhili in the Qing dynasty, and was the capital of Hebei province until 1968, and is now a national historical and cultural city and one of the central cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji cluster,[6] with the Xiong'an
new area located within its jurisdiction.

Name

The city's name, Baoding (Chinese: 保定),[7][8] dates back to the Song and Yuan dynasties, the name is roughly interpreted as "protecting the capital", referring to the city's proximity to Beijing.

History

Baoding has a history dating back to the

Western Han Dynasty
.

Prehistory

The Nanzhuangtou site near Baiyang Lake is one of the earliest Neolithic site discovered in North China, dating back approximately 10,500–9,700 years.[9] Other Neolithic sites in Baoding include Diaoyutai and Beifudi.

Early history

During the Warring States period, what is now Baoding was along the dividing line between the Yan and Zhao states.

One of the capitals of Yan during this period, Xiadu, is located in what is now Yi County, and from 400 to 300 BC may have been the largest cities in the world, with an estimated population of over 300,000. [10]

Imperial era

In 960 the

prefecture ("Baozhou") with the administrative office in Baosai County (modern Baoding). [11] This lasted until 1241, when the Mongol Empire (who conquered the Jin dynasty in 1234) abolished it, incorporating Baozhou into the Central Region
.

In the year 1213 the

Mongol army invaded and destroyed Baozhou, leaving it in ruins until it was reconstructed in 1227 during the Yuan dynasty
. The region acquired the name "Baoding" in 1275.

In 1669, Baoding became the capital of

Zhili, ruled over by a Viceroy
until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.

In 1902, Yuan Shikai, then Viceroy, established the Baoding Military Academy.

Contemporary history

On August 1, 1949, the People's Government of Hebei province was established, Baoding was the capital of the province, and the city of Baoding was a provincial municipality. On August 9, the administrative inspector's office of the Baoding district was established, and it was established as the administrative inspector's office of the county district.

In May 1958, the capital of Hebei was moved to Tianjin, then back to Baoding in January 1966, to Shijiazhuang in February 1968. In December 1994, the Baoding area merged with Baoding to become a provincial city.

In April 2017, the

Shanghai's Pudong New Area
.

Geography

Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on the North China Plain, with the Taihang Mountains to the west. Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province are Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south. Baoding also borders Beijing to the northeast and Shanxi to the west.

Elevations in Baoding's administrative area decrease from northwest to southeast. The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) tall; this area includes parts of

Baiyangdian Lake
, the largest natural lake in northern China, can be found nearby.

Climate

Baoding has a continental, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate/semi-arid climate (Köppen Dwa/BSk),[13] characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn is similar to spring in temperature and lack of rainfall. The annual rainfall, about 60% of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable. In the city itself, this amount has averaged to a meagre 496.1 millimetres (19.5 in) per annum. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −2.7 °C (27.1 °F) in January to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 13.3 °C (55.9 °F). There are 2,500 to 2,900 hours of bright sunshine annually, and the frost-free period lasts 165−210 days.

Climate data for Baoding (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.5
(63.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		30.7
(87.3) 		33.8
(92.8) 		38.1
(100.6) 		41.6
(106.9) 		41.6
(106.9) 		37.7
(99.9) 		34.3
(93.7) 		31.1
(88.0) 		23.9
(75.0) 		17.1
(62.8) 		41.6
(106.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9) 		6.9
(44.4) 		14.1
(57.4) 		21.5
(70.7) 		27.4
(81.3) 		31.7
(89.1) 		32.2
(90.0) 		30.6
(87.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		20.0
(68.0) 		10.7
(51.3) 		4.1
(39.4) 		19.0
(66.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0) 		0.9
(33.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		15.1
(59.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		25.7
(78.3) 		27.3
(81.1) 		25.8
(78.4) 		20.9
(69.6) 		13.8
(56.8) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		13.3
(56.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.2
(19.0) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		2.2
(36.0) 		9.2
(48.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		20.2
(68.4) 		23.0
(73.4) 		21.8
(71.2) 		16.1
(61.0) 		8.9
(48.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		8.5
(47.2)
Record low °C (°F) −19.6
(−3.3) 		−15.7
(3.7) 		−14.8
(5.4) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		5.5
(41.9) 		10.7
(51.3) 		13.4
(56.1) 		12.6
(54.7) 		5.7
(42.3) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−23.3
(−9.9) 		−23.3
(−9.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.2
(0.09) 		5.0
(0.20) 		8.9
(0.35) 		24.1
(0.95) 		33.8
(1.33) 		68.1
(2.68) 		153.0
(6.02) 		108.5
(4.27) 		54.5
(2.15) 		24.2
(0.95) 		12.2
(0.48) 		2.0
(0.08) 		496.5
(19.55)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.5 2.2 2.9 4.7 6.2 8.4 11.8 11.0 6.7 4.8 3.3 1.3 64.8
Average snowy days 3.0 2.3 0.9 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6 2.9 10.9
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		55 50 47 51 55 59 72 77 71 66 65 59 61
Mean monthly sunshine hours 143.9 156.4 206.7 225.9 251.7 209.8 174.7 179.9 183.4 171.4 140.0 137.3 2,181.1
Percent possible sunshine 47 51 55 57 57 47 39 43 50 50 47 47 49
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[14][15]
Source 2: Weather China[16]

Administrative divisions

Bǎodìng

counties
:

Map
Division code[17] English name
Simp. Chinese
 Pinyin Area in km2[18] Seat Postal code Divisions[19]
Subdistricts
Towns
Townships
Ethnic townships
 Residential communities (居委会) Villages (村委会)
130600 Baoding 保定市 Bǎodìng Shì 22185
Jingxiu District
 071000 31 207 105 2 514 6184
130602
Jingxiu District
 竞秀区 Jìngxiù Qū 149 Xianfeng Subdistrict (先锋街道) 071000 5 2 4 81 71
130603
Lianchi District
 莲池区 Liánchí Qū 82 Wusi Road Subdistrict (五四路街道) 071000 10 2 5 151 120
130605
Mancheng District
 满城区 Mǎnchéng Qū 658 Mancheng Town (满城镇) 072100 1 6 6 16 183
130606
Qingyuan District
 清苑区 Qīngyuàn Qū 856 Qingyuan (清苑镇) 071100 13 5 14 266
130607
Xushui District
 徐水区 Xúshuǐ Qū 723 Ansu (安肃镇) 072500 10 4 28 304
130633 Yi County 易县 Yì Xiàn 2535 Yizhou (易州镇) 074200 11 16 1 10 469
130630 Laiyuan County 涞源县 Láiyuán Xiàn 2431 Laiyuan (涞源镇) 074300 10 7 8 283
130626 Dingxing County 定兴县 Dìngxīng Xiàn 714 Dingxing (定兴镇) 072600 9 7 23 274
130636 Shunping County 顺平县 Shùnpíng Xiàn 712 Puyang (蒲阳镇) 072200 6 4 4 237
130627 Tang County 唐县 Táng Xiàn 1414 Renhou (仁厚镇) 072300 11 9 8 345
130631 Wangdu County 望都县 Wàngdū Xiàn 358 Wangdu (望都镇) 072400 7 1 10 142
130623 Laishui County 涞水县 Láishuǐ Xiàn 1662 Laishui (涞水镇) 074100 12 3 6 284
130628 Gaoyang County 高阳县 Gāoyáng Xiàn 496 Gaoyang (高阳镇) 071500 1 7 11 149
130632 Anxin County 安新县 Ānxīn Xiàn 728 Anxin (安新镇) 071600 9 4 5 223
130638 Xiong County 雄县 Xióng Xiàn 513 Xiongzhou (雄州镇) 071800 8 4 7 287
130629 Rongcheng County 容城县 Róngchéng Xiàn 311 Rongcheng (容城镇) 071700 5 3 4 127
130634 Quyang County 曲阳县 Qūyáng Xiàn 1076 Hengzhou (恒州镇) 073100 11 16 10 367
130624 Fuping County 阜平县 Fùpíng Xiàn 2494 Fuping (阜平镇) 073200 8 5 5 209
130637 Boye County 博野县 Bóyě Xiàn 331 Boye (博野镇) 071300 7 11 133
130635 Li County 蠡县 Lǐ Xiàn 653 Liwu (蠡吾镇) 071400 11 2 7 232
130682 Dingzhou City 定州市 Dìngzhōu Shì 1284 Nanchengqu Subdistrict (南城区街道) 073000 4 16 5 1 31 470
130681 Zhuozhou City 涿州市 Zhuōzhōu Shì 751 Shuangta Subdistrict (双塔街道) 072700 3 10 1 39 402
130683 Anguo City 安国市 Ānguó Shì 485 Qizhouyaoshi Subdistrict (祁州药市街道) 071200 2 6 3 6 198
130684 Gaobeidian City 高碑店市 Gāobēidiàn Shì 674 Xinghua Road Subdistrict (兴华路街道) 074000 5 10 19 409
  Xiong'an New Area 雄安新区 Xióng'ān Xīnqū 106.46 Rongcheng (容城镇)
Note: Baoding New High Technology Product Development Zone (保定高新技术产业开发区) includes Damafang Township (大马坊乡) of Jingxiu District and Jiantai Township (贤台乡) of Mancheng District; the Baigou New City (白沟新城) includes Baigou Town (白沟镇) of Gaobeidian City.
NIMA
, 1998)

Demographics

Baoding City Demographics
Division name
Residence population[20] (November 2010)
Hukou population[21]

(end of 2010)
Total Ratio (%) Population density (persons/km2)
Baoding City 11,194,379 100 504.55 11610199
Xinshi District 482,768 4.31 2540.88 459038
Beishi District 387,339 3.46 5164.52 322205
Nanshi District 287,784 2.57 2877.84 279725
Mancheng District 387,307 3.46 615.75 411417
Qingyuan District 631,659 5.64 728.56 648645
Laishui County 339,063 3.03 204.50 352993
Fuping County 205,299 1.83 82.28 223846
Xushui County 563,030 5.03 778.74 586104
Dingxing County 517,873 4.63 725.31 585913
Tang County 529,066 4.73 373.37 590575
Gaoyang County 345,160 3.08 695.89 340163
Rongcheng County 258,179 2.31 822.23 265389
Laiyuan County 260,678 2.33 106.49 283537
Wangdu County 250,014 2.23 781.29 265525
Anxin County 437,378 3.91 604.11 440817
Yi County 537,564 4.80 212.14 570806
Quyang County 588,559 5.26 542.95 610065
Li County 505,574 4.52 775.42 532322
Shunping County 295,764 2.64 417.75 317484
Boye County 245,504 2.19 741.70 268941
Xiong County 359,506 3.21 686.08 375470
Zhuozhou City 603,535 5.39 813.39 645542
Dingzhou City 1,165,182 10.41 914.59 1214852
Anguo City 370,314 3.31 761.96 409834
Gaobeidian City 640,280 5.72 938.83 608991
Note: The 58,709 people residing in Baoding High Technology Product Development Zone and the 124,274 in the Baigou New City are not listed separately.

According to the 2010 Census, the residence population stood at 11,194,382, an increase of 605,100 (5.71%) from 2000. The male-female ratio was 101.94:100. Children aged up to 14 numbered 1,915,800 (17.11% of the population), citizens 15 to 64 numbered 8,370,600 (74.78%), and 65+ numbered 908,000 (8.11%). The urban area of Baoding made of 5 urban Districts had a population of around 2,739,887 (2010 census). The overwhelming majority of the population is

Ji-Lu Mandarin. Despite Baoding's proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to the Beijing dialect — rather, it is more closely related to Tianjin dialect
.

Economy

Baoding is located in the centre of the Bohai Rim economic area which includes Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang. One of the largest employers in Baoding is China Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China.[22] And, Yingli group, 2010 World Cup sponsor, has its headquarters in Baoding, who is the Global Top 10 solar panel manufacturer. More renowned companies include ZhongHang HuiTeng Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd (Wind Turbine), Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd (Transformer), and Great Wall Motor.

In April 2017, an area in Baoding was designated as a

Xiong'an New Area
, a development zone of initially 100 km2 and up to 2000 km2, the site of what will eventually be a new city and the hub of the Beijing-Tinajin-Hebei development area.

  • Baoding High-tech Industrial Development Zone[23]

Great Wall Motors Company Limited is a Chinese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Baoding,

WEY
brands.

In 2016, Great Wall Motors set a historical sales record of 1,074,471 cars worldwide, increased by 26% compared to 2015.

Renewable energy

Baoding City has one of China's biggest plants which manufactures blades used in wind turbine generators, catering mainly to the domestic market. Tianwei Wind Power Technology is one of the three main plants in Baoding that produces wind turbine generators. It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008, and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010. Nevertheless, Baoding is currently listed as the most polluted city in China.[24]

Transport

Bus line 1 near Baoding Railway Station

Baoding has good connections to other cities, being located on one of the main routes in and out of Beijing. The

Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway. On October 1, 2018, the east square of Baoding Railway Station was officially put into use, and the east station building of the railway station was also opened at the same time.[26]

Military

Baoding is headquarters of the

38th Mechanized Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Beijing Military Region responsible for defending the PRC capital.[citation needed
]

Culture

Baoding balls
Qi Yi Zhong Road in Baoding

Perhaps the best-known item to supposedly originate in Baoding are

Donkey Burger (Chinese
: 驴肉火烧).

Lake Baiyangdian
.

The city's streets follow a rough grid pattern, although this is less obvious in the older part of the city. The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city's centre to its eastern edge — most of Baoding's historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres. Other major streets include Dongfeng Road and Chaoyang Avenue. There is a ring road around the city.

Baoding is home to Hebei University, North China Electric Power University with other 3 universities and 12 colleges.

Historic sites

A courtyard in the mansion of the governor of Zhili

Baoding contains a number of notable historic sites. In the city proper, there can be found a historic provincial governor's mansion and an ancient

Mancheng, there are the Mancheng Han Tombs, where Prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan
were buried.

The greater Baoding administrative area has 16 designated state-level cultural relics:

  1. Yan State
    Capital Relics (475BC-221BC, Yixian County)
  2. Great Wall at Zijinguan Pass (1368–1644, Yixian County and Laiyuan County)
  3. Stele of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching (618-907, Yixian County)
  4. Western Qing Tombs
    (1730–1915, Yixian County)
  5. Geyuan Temple (916-1125, Laiyuan County)
  6. Ciyun Pavilion (1306, Dingxing County)
  7. Yicihui Stone Pillar (550-577, Dingxing County)
  8. Kaiyuan Temple (960-1127, Dingzhou County)
  9. Kaishan Temple (618-907, Gaobeidian County)
  10. Dingzhou Porcelain Kiln Relic (960-1127, Quyang County)
  11. Beiyue Temple (386-543, Quyang County)
  12. Jin-cha-ji Border Region Headquarters Ruins (1938, Fuping County)
  13. Ranzhuang Underground Tunnel (1937–1945, Qingyuan County)
  14. Mancheng Han Tombs (154BC-113BC, Mancheng County)
  15. Zhili Provincial Governor Office (1730–1911, Baoding)
  16. Historical Site of the Baoding Military Academy (1902–1923)

Notable people

Sister cities

Baoding is twinned with:[28]

Gallery

  • Images from Baoding
  • Temple in the centre of old Baoding
    Temple in the centre of old Baoding
  • Dongfeng Road, Baoding
    Dongfeng Road, Baoding
  • Part of Yuhua Road, the main street of old Baoding
    Part of Yuhua Road, the main street of old Baoding
  • Arch on Yuhua Road, old Baoding
    Arch on Yuhua Road, old Baoding
  • An intersection in Yuhua Road's shopping district
    An intersection in Yuhua Road's shopping district
  • The Wanbo Tower in a sunny afternoon, Baoding CBD
    The Wanbo Tower in a sunny afternoon, Baoding CBD
  • A civic monument
    A civic monument
  • A public park
    A public park
  • A public park
    A public park
  • Baoding Cathedral
    Baoding Cathedral
  • Baoding Railway Station
    Baoding Railway Station
  • Baoding East Railway Station for High-Speed Rail Trains
    Baoding East Railway Station for High-Speed Rail Trains
  • Baoding city buses before 2007
    Baoding city buses before 2007
  • Baoding in the evening
    Baoding in the evening
  • Old Baoding railway station
    Old Baoding railway station
  • Old Baoding railway station
    Old Baoding railway station
  • Baoding Old Quarter
    Baoding Old Quarter
  • Skylines in Baoding CBD
    Skylines in Baoding CBD
  • Closer look at the Wanbo Tower in a sunny day
    Closer look at the Wanbo Tower in a sunny day
  • Closer look at the Maoye Tower in a sunny day, Baoding CBD
    Closer look at the Maoye Tower in a sunny day, Baoding CBD
  • The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
    The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
  • The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
    The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
  • The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
    The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c d Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  3. ^ "China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
  4. ISBN 978-7-5356-7824-9. Archived
    from the original on 2020-03-26. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  5. ^ 最新中国城市人口数量排名（根据2010年第六次人口普查）. www.elivecity.cn. 2012. Archived from the original on 2015-03-03. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
  6. ^ "《保定市城市总体规划（2011-2020年）》". 保定市人民政府. Archived from the original on 2018-08-14. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
  7. OCLC 802473294
    .
  8. OCLC 5171913
    .
  9. ISBN 9781139441704
    .
  10. ISBN 0-9676230-1-4
    .
  11. ISBN 7-5004-4929-1
    .
  12. ^ "List of municipal river and lake chiefs in Baoding City" 保定市市级河湖长名单 (in Chinese (China)). 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-21.[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633-1644. ISSN 1027-5606.
  14. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  15. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  16. ^ 保定 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  17. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2011. Archived from the original
    on 2012-04-07. Retrieved 2013-01-01.
  18. ^ 《保定经济统计年鉴2011》[full citation needed]
  19. ^ 《中国民政统计年鉴2012》[full citation needed]
  20. ^ 《保定市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报》[full citation needed]
  21. ^ 《中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料2010》[full citation needed]
  22. ^ "About Baoding City". Archived from the original on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
  23. ^ 欢迎进入保定国家高新技术产业开发区！. May 1, 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-05-01.
  24. ^ "China names 10 most polluted cities". Retrieved 2016-10-08.
  25. ^ "Baoding new railway station". 3 January 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-03.
  26. ^ 保定火车站东广场正式投入使用. The Paper online newspaper澎湃新闻. Baoding Release保定发布. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  27. ^ "Wei Jianjun". Forbes. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  28. ^ "Sister cities 友好城市". baoding.gov.cn (in Chinese). Baoding Municipal People's Government Foreign Affairs Office. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  29. ^ "International Relations". charlottenc.gov. City of Charlotte. Archived from the original on 2022-09-27. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  30. ^ "Sister cities 友好都市・姉妹都市". city.yonago.lg.jp (in Japanese). City of Yonago. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  31. ^ "International exchange activated with globalization". pref.ehime.jp. Ehime Prefecture. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  32. ^ "Vinabærinn". hafnarfjordur.is (in Icelandic). Hafnarfjörður. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  33. ^ "Sister Cities/Friendship Cities姉妹都市・友好都市". city.kushima.lg.jp (in Japanese). Kushima City Hall. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  34. ^ "Sisterhood Cities Anguo Hebei Province China". ddm.go.kr. Dongdaemun-gu. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  35. ^ "Relationship between China and the Province of Ontario". toronto.china-consulate.gov.cn. Consulate-General Of The People's Republic Of China in Toronto. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  36. ^ "Santiago圣地亚哥市". hebwb.hebei.gov.cn (in Chinese). Hebei People's Association For Friendship With Foreign Countries. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  37. ^ "Green Urban Denmark" (PDF). ens.dk. The Danish Energy Agency and Danish Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Affairs. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  38. ^ "驻丹麦大使李瑞宇会见森讷堡市长Aase Nyegaard女士". China-embassy.gov.cn (in Chinese). Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Kingdom of Denmark. Retrieved 2023-02-25.

External links

Media related to Baoding at Wikimedia Commons

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