Baol
Kingdom of Baol Baol | |||||||||
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1549–1894 | |||||||||
Capital | Lambaye | ||||||||
Common languages | Wolof, Serer | ||||||||
Religion | Serer religion, Islam | ||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
Teigne | |||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | Cayor defeats Jolof at Battle of Danki 1549 | ||||||||
• French colonization | 1894 | ||||||||
Currency |
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History of Senegal |
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Baol or Bawol was a kingdom in what is now central
History
There are no written sources for the early history of Baol, and even oral traditions are sparse.
At some point early in its history, Baol was integrated into the Jolof Empire. The legend of Ndiadiane Ndiaye, the first Buurba Jolof, claims that the ruler of Baol voluntarily submitted to him, but this is likely a later invention to celebrate the unity of the empire.[5] Many of the earliest buurbas came from maternal lineages native to Baol, perhaps benefiting from the prestigious historical memory of Ghana. Some even used Lambaye as an imperial residence.[6]
The Portuguese began trading on the coast of Baol in the 15th century, bringing primarily horses and iron.[7]
Around the turn of the 16th century, Baol, still largely
In 1697 Teigne Lat Sukaabe Fall conquered Cayor and built a powerful, centralized state backed by a military armed with firearms. Upon his death, however, he deeded each kingdom to a separate son, and the rivalry between them continued.[10] During the 18th century, Damel Maïsa Teindde Ouédji of Cayor annexed Baol, but the kingdom was embroiled in a succession dispute after his death. Baol regained its independence in 1756.[11]
The French conquest of Baol began in 1859 under Governor
Government
The social and political systems were basically the same as those of its larger neighbor, Cayor. The government was composed of the great electors who selected the Teigne, a crown-slave bureaucracy directly under the king, and representatives of each of the dependent communities (pastoralists, fishermen, clergy, castes and women).[12]
Baol was ruled by a mixed dynasty: the Wagadu maternal lineage (from the Ghana Empire) along with the Serer paternal dynasties of N'Gom (or Ngum), Thiaw, Joof or Diouf, and Faye.[3] The heir to the throne was given the title of Thialao, and ruled over the province of Salao.[13]: 24
Economy and Society
Baol was famous for its horses. It had unique breeds, which were faster and more robust than most of the horses on the plain.[
Baol was a Wolof kingdom, but included large communities of Serer-Safen and other Serer groups.[8] Natives of Baol are known as 'Baol-Baol', a common formulation in Senegal (e.g. Saloum-Saloum, Waalo-Waalo, etc.)
List of kings
Names and dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers:[14]
- Niokhor (c. 1550–c. 1560)
- Amari (c. 1560–1593)
- Mamalik Thioro (1593–?)
- Tié N'Della (?)
- Tié Kura (?)
- M'Bissan Kura (?)
- Tiande (?–c. 1664)
- M'Bar (c. 1664–c. 1690)
- Tié Yaasin Demba (c. 1690–c. 1693)
- Tié Tieumbeul (c. 1693–1697)
- Lat Sukaabe (1697–1719)
- Mali Kumba Dyaring (1719)
- Ma-Kodu Kumba (1719–1749)
- Mawa (1749–c. 1752)
- M'Bissan N'Della (c. 1752–c. 1758)
- Ma-Kodu Kumba (c. 1758–1777)
Position vacant from 1777 to 1809
- Tié-Yaasin Dieng (1809–1815)
- Amadi Dyor (1815–c. 1822)
- Birayma Fatma (c. 1822–1832)
- Isa Tein-Dyor (1832–1855)
- Tié-Yaasin N'Gone (1855–c. 1857)
- Ma-Kodu Kodu Kumba (c. 1857–1859)
- Mali Kumba N'Gone (1859–1862)
- Tié-Yaasin Gallo (1862–1890)
- Tanor Gogne (1890–3 July 1894)
See also
Bibliography
- ^ Clark & Philips 1994, p. 18.
- ^ Boulegue 2013, p. 48.
- ^ Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38 (1976), pp. 452-458
- ^ a b Fall, Tanor Latsoukabé, Recueil sur la Vie des Damel. Introduit et commenté par Charles. Becker et Victor. Martin, BIFAN, Tome 36, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1974
- ^ Boulegue 2013, p. 46-7.
- S2CID 246907590. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ Clark & Philips 1994, p. 131.
- ^ a b c Clark & Philips 1994, p. 74.
- ^ Kesteloot, Lilyan; Veirman, Anja (1999). "Un lieu de mémoire sans stèle et sans visite guidée : le culte du Mboose à Kaolack (Sénégal)". Histoire d'Afrique : les enjeux de mémoire (in French). Paris: Karthala. pp. 83–91.
- ^ Clark & Philips 1994, p. 132.
- ^ Barry, Boubacar (1972). Le royaume du Waalo: le Senegal avant la conquete. Paris: Francois Maspero. pp. 195–6.
- ^ a b Clark & Philips 1994, p. 75.
- ^ Fall, Tanor Latsoukabe (1974). "Recueil sur la Vie des Damel". Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. 36 (1). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ John Stewart (2006). African States and Rulers (Third ed.). North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 26–27.
Sources
- Boulegue, Jean (2013). Les royaumes wolof dans l'espace sénégambien (XIIIe-XVIIIe siècle) (in French). Paris: Karthala Editions.
- Clark, Andrew Francis; Philips, Lucie Colvin (1994). Historical Dictionary of Senegal (2nd. ed.). London: Scarecrow Press.