Baptism with the Holy Spirit
In
Prior to the 18th century, most denominations believed that Christians received the baptism with the Holy Spirit either upon
Biblical description
Old Covenant background
In Christian theology, the work of the Holy Spirit under the
Canonical gospels
While the exact phrase "baptism with the Holy Spirit" is not found in the
Jesus is considered the first person to receive the baptism with the Holy Spirit.[12] The Holy Spirit descended on Jesus during his baptism (Luke 3:21–22). After his baptism, Jesus goes into the wilderness and is tempted; however, he "returned in the power of the Spirit" (Luke 4:14). Afterward, Jesus began his ministry and displayed his power by casting out demons, healing the sick, and teaching with authority (Luke 4:16–44).[13]
Acts of the Apostles
The phrase "baptized in the Holy Spirit" occurs two times in Acts of the Apostles, first in Acts 1:4–5 and second in Acts 11:16. Other terminology is used in Acts to indicate Spirit baptism, such as "filled" (Acts 2:4). "Baptized in the Spirit" indicates an outward immersion into the reality of the Holy Spirit, while "filled with the Spirit" suggests an internal diffusion. Both terms speak to the totality of receiving the Spirit.[14]
The baptism with the Holy Spirit is described in various places as the Spirit "poured out upon" (Acts 2:17–18, 33), "falling upon" (Acts 10:44), "coming upon" (Acts 1:8; 8:16; 19:6) people.[15] To "pour out" suggests abundance and reflects John 3:34,"God gives the Spirit without limit". Another expression, "come upon" is related to a statement by Jesus in Luke 24:49, "I am sending the promise of my Father upon you. But stay in the city until you are clothed with power from on high". The language of "come on" and "clothed with" suggest possession by and endowment with the Holy Spirit.[14]
The narrative of Acts begins after Jesus'
In the New Testament, the messianic expectations found in early Judaism were fulfilled on the day of
Baptism in the Holy Spirit occurs elsewhere in Acts. The gospel had been proclaimed in
Later in Acts, Peter preached the gospel to the household of Cornelius the Centurion, a gentile. While he preached, the Holy Spirit fell on the gentiles, and they began to speak in tongues. The Jewish believers with Peter were amazed, and the household was water baptized (Acts 10:44–48). While the apostle Paul was in Ephesus, he found disciples there and discovered that they did not know of the existence of the Holy Spirit and had only received John the Baptist's baptism. After baptizing them in Jesus' name, Paul laid his hands on them, and they began to speak in tongues and prophesy (Acts 19:1–7).
History
Early Christianity
In the
Reformation era and Puritanism (16th and 17th centuries)
Huldrych Zwingli, a leading Protestant Reformer in Switzerland, taught three distinct baptisms: water baptism, teaching baptism (having been educated about the Christian religion) and Spirit baptism. While full baptism included all three, Zwingli emphasized that the external baptisms of water and teaching could not provide salvation. The inner baptism of the Spirit alone could save because it conferred faith. According to Zwingli, the three baptisms could be given separately; Spirit baptism could occur first or last in the sequence.[18]
Many
Early Methodism and the Holiness Movement (18th and 19th centuries)
Synan traces the influence of Catholic and
Wesley taught that while the new birth was the start of the Christian life, but "inbred sin" remained and must be removed through Christian perfection, which he stated had instantaneous and gradual aspects.[22][21] John Fletcher, Wesley's designated successor, called Christian perfection a "baptism in the Holy Spirit".[1][23] On the subject, Fletcher wrote:
Lastly: if we will attain the full power of godliness, and be peaceable as the Prince of Peace, and merciful as our heavenly Father, let us go on to the perfection and glory of Christianity; let us enter the full dispensation of the Spirit. Till we live in the pentecostal glory of the Church: till we are baptized with the Holy Ghost: till the Spirit of burning and the fire of Divine love have melted us down, and we have been truly cast into the softest mould of the Gospel: till we can say with St. Paul, "We have received the Spirit of love, of power, and of a sound mind;" till then we shall be carnal rather than spiritual believers.[24]
In mid-19th century America, the Wesleyan
John Wesley's Checks to Antinomianism later became a standard for Pentecostally-inclined holiness teachers.
Keswick higher life movement (19th century)
After his conversion in 1821,
20th century
In the early 1890s, R.C. Horner, a Canadian holiness evangelist, introduced a theological distinction that would be important for the development of Pentecostalism. He argued in his books Pentecost (1891) and Bible Doctrines (1909) that the baptism in the Holy Spirit was not synonymous with the second blessing but was actually a third work of grace subsequent to salvation and sanctification that empowered the believer for service.[27] Charles Fox Parham would build on this doctrinal foundation when he identified speaking in tongues as the Bible evidence of Spirit baptism.[28]
Views
The diverse views on Spirit-baptism held among Christian traditions can be categorized into four main groups. These are baptism with the Spirit as sacramental initiation (Orthodox and Catholic churches), regeneration (Reformed tradition), sanctification (holiness tradition) and empowerment for witness and vocation (Pentecostals and charismatics).[29]
Sacramental initiation
Eastern Orthodoxy
This holy ointment is no more simple ointment, nor (so to say) common, after the invocation, but the gift of Christ; and by the presence of His Godhead, it causes in us the Holy Ghost. It is symbolically applied to thy forehead and thy other senses and while thy body is anointed with visible ointment, thy soul is sanctified by the Holy and life-giving Spirit.[30]
Catholicism
The Catholic Church teaches that baptism, confirmation, and the Eucharist—the sacraments of Christian initiation—lay the foundations of the Christian life.[31] The Christian life is based on baptism. It is "the gateway to life in the Spirit" and "signifies and actually brings about the birth of water and the Spirit".[32] The post-baptismal anointing (Chrismation in the Eastern churches) signifies the gift of the Holy Spirit and announces a second anointing to be conferred later in confirmation that completes the baptismal anointing.[33]
Confirmation, then, is necessary for the completion of baptismal grace.[34] When confirmed, Catholics receive the "special outpouring of the Holy Spirit as once granted to the apostles on the day of Pentecost".[35] For the confirmand it increases the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit (wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord), unites more fully to Christ and the Church, and gives strength to confess Christ and defend the faith.[36] The rite of confirmation orients toward mission, and many liturgical texts remind the initiate that the gift of the Holy Spirit should be used for service to the church and the world.[37]
Those in the charismatic movement, including the Catholic Charismatic Renewal, teach an experiential baptism of the Holy Spirit similar to Pentecostals, defining it as the "sovereign action of God, which usually occurs when someone with a disposition of surrender and docility, prays for a fresh outpouring of the Holy Spirit in his or her life."[38] The consensus of Catholic theologians teach that this "baptism in the Holy Spirit unleashes the Holy Spirit that is already present within us, by revitalizing the graces we received in the sacrament of Baptism."[38] At the same time, "Baptism in the Spirit doesn't only re-ignite the graces already given to Christians through the Sacraments – it's also a new, fresh experience of the Holy Spirit which equips and inspires the individual for service, for mission, for discipleship and for life."[39] Rev. Brenton Cordeiro teaches that those who have received Baptism with the Holy Spirit "testify that the experience brought them to a new awareness of the reality and presence of Jesus Christ in their lives [as well as] a new hunger for the Word of God, the Sacraments and were filled with a renewed desire for holiness."[38]
Irvingism
The New Apostolic Church, an Irvingian Church, believes that baptism in the Holy Spirit is a second step after the Holy Baptism with water. It also referred to as the Holy Sealing. It is a sacrament through which the believer, through the laying on of hands and the prayer of an apostle, receives the gift of the Holy Spirit. The death out of water and spirit, which was begun in the Holy Baptism with water, is completed through the Holy Sealing.[40]
Regeneration
The main position on Spirit baptism among the
Sanctification
Methodism (inclusive of the holiness movement)
Within
Entire sanctification is a state of perfect love, righteousness and true holiness which every regenerate believer may obtain by being delivered from the power of sin, by loving God with all the heart, soul, mind and strength, and by loving one's neighbor as one's self. Through faith in Jesus Christ this gracious gift may be received in this life both gradually and instantaneously, and should be sought earnestly by every child of God.[46]
In the holiness movement within mainline Methodism and outside of it, entire sanctification is emphasized as a definite experience linked to baptism with the Holy Spirit:[1][2]
2.9 ENTIRE SANCTIFICATION As all justified believers are sanctified in Christ (I Cor. 1:2; 1:30), so all may be sanctified by Christ (Eph 5:25, 26; Heb. 13:12). Entire sanctification follows regeneration as circumcision follows birth. It is to enable us to "Love the Lord thy God with all thine heart" (Deut. 30:6). By this circumcision "made without hands", the "body of the sins of the flesh" is put off (Col. 2:11). Love is made perfect (I John 4:17); Holiness is perfected (II Cor. 7:1).
2.9.1 Relationship to Regeneration. Entire sanctification is subsequent to regeneration (John 17:9 -17) and is effected by the baptism of the Holy Spirit (Luke 3:16. 17: I Pet. 1:2; Rom 15:16). It is for all believers (John 17:20; I Thess. 4:2, 7; 5:23, 24), and is an instantaneous experience, received by faith (Acts 2:1-4; 15:8, 9). It cleanses the heart of the recipient from all sin (I John 1:7, 9; Acts 15:8, 9), sets him apart and endows him with power for the accomplishment of all to which he is called (Luke 24:49;
Acts 1:8).2.9.2 Evidence of the Experience. Those who teach that some special phenomena such as speaking with unknown tongues constitutes a witness to the Baptism with the Spirit expose themselves and their hearers to peril of dangerous fanaticism. Perhaps no wiser counsel has been given on this matter then that of John Wesley who wrote long before the modern "tongues" movement appeared: "The grounds of a thousand mistakes is the not considering, deeply that love is the highest gift of God – humble, gentle, patient love – that all visions, revelation, manifestations whatsoever are little things compared to love. It were well you should be thoroughly sensible of this. The heaven of heavens is love. There is nothing higher in religion; there is in effect, nothing else. If you look for anything but more love you are looking wide of the mark, you are getting out of the royal way. And when you are asking others, "Have you received this or that blessing," if you mean anything but more love you, you mean wrong; you are leading them out of the way, and putting them upon a false scent. Settle it then in your heart, that from the moment God has saved you from all sin, you are to aim at nothing but more of that love described in the thirteenth chapter of First Corinthians. You can go no higher than this till you are carried into Abraham's bosom."
— Doctrine, Pilgrim Holiness Church[2]
According to the Articles of Faith of the Church of the Nazarene, sanctification is a work of God after regeneration "which transforms believers into the likeness of Christ" and is made possible by "initial sanctification" (which occurs simultaneously with regeneration and justification), entire sanctification, and "the continued perfecting work of the Holy Spirit culminating in glorification".[47] Entire sanctification (as opposed to initial sanctification) is an act of God in which a believer is made free from original sin and able to devote themselves entirely to God:
It is wrought by the baptism with or infilling of the Holy Spirit, and comprehends in one experience the cleansing of the heart from sin and the abiding, indwelling presence of the Holy Spirit, empowering the believer for life and service.[47]
As baptism with the Holy Spirit is synonymous with Entire Sanctification in Methodism, some Methodist connexions who have not allowed for the charismatic movement, such as the Immanuel Missionary Church, condemn the Pentecostal doctrine:[48]
The modern so-called gift of tongues, is unscriptural and cannot be taken as a sign of the Baptism of the Holy Ghost. Jesus said, "An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign." Therefore, to hold or teach that speaking in an unknown tongue is the evidence of a work of grace in the heart, is to Biblical for the following reasons:
- The word "unknown" is not in the original Greek, and the word "tongue" comes from the Greek word "glossa", meaning language.
- None of the gifts can be taken as a witness of the Spirit's baptism (I Corinthians 12).
- Paul exhorted that all speaking in the church should be to edification. Therefore such speaking that does not edify will not be permitted in our places of worship.
— General Standards, Immanuel Missionary Church[48]
Empowerment
Classical Pentecostalism
In classical Pentecostalism, the baptism with the Holy Spirit is understood to be a separate and distinct experience occurring sometime after regeneration. Influenced by the
According to Pentecostal biblical interpretation, the
On the subject of Spirit baptism, Donald Gee wrote of the Christians on the Day of Pentecost:
With them it was not mere intellectual assent to some article in a creed defining an orthodox doctrine concerning the Holy Spirit. Neither were they satisfied to acquiescence to a vague idea that in some indefinite manner the Holy Spirit had been imparted to them upon conversion. They gladly and thankfully recognized His gracious operations in their regeneration and sanctification, but their own personal reception of the Holy Spirit was an intensely vivid experience. They knew when He came, where He came, and how he came. Nothing reveals this more than Paul's searching question to certain disciples whom he immediately sensed to be spiritually lacking in a vital part of their Christian inheritance—'Have ye received the Holy Ghost?' (Acts 19:2). The challenge was to experience, not to doctrine. How significant! An Ephesian 'Pentecost' speedily rectified their shortcoming, and it was an experience as vivid as all the rest had received—'They spake with tongues and prophesied.'[52]
In Pentecostal experience, Spirit baptism can be quite dramatic, as shown by William Durham's account of his Spirit baptism:
I was overcome by the mighty fulness of power and went down under it. For three hours He wrought wonderfully in me. My body was worked in sections, a section at a time. And even the skin on my face was jerked and shaken, and finally I felt my lower jaw begin to quiver in a strange way. This continued for some little time, when finally my throat began to enlarge and I felt my vocal organs being, as it were, drawn into a different shape. O how strange and wonderful it was! and how blessed it was to be thus in the hands of God. And last of all I felt my tongue begin to move and my lips to produce strange sounds which did not originate in my mind.[53]
In some accounts of Spirit baptism, Pentecostals report receiving visions, such as the account of Lucy Leatherman, an Azusa Street participant:
While seeking for the Baptism with the Holy Ghost in Los Angeles, after Sister Ferrell [sic] laid hands on me I praised and praised God and saw my Savior in the heavens. And as I praised, I came closer and closer and I was so small. By and by I swept into the wound in His side, and He was not only in me but I in Him, and there I found that rest that passeth all understanding, and He said to me, you are in the bosom of the Father. He said I was clothed upon and in the secret place of the Most High. But I said, Father, I want the gift of the Holy Ghost, and the heavens opened and I was overshadowed, and such power came upon me and went through me. He said, Praise Me, and when I did, angels came and ministered unto me. I was passive in His hands working on my vocal cords, and I realized they were loosing me. I began to praise Him in an unknown language.[54]
Charismatic movement
The charismatic movement is an interdenominational revival that has affected the mainstream denominations of Christianity, including Lutheranism, Catholicism, Moravianism, Anglicanism, Methodism, and Reformed Christianity, among others.[55][56][57] They are distinguished from Pentecostals because they tend to allow for differing viewpoints on whether Spirit baptism is subsequent to conversion and whether tongues is always a sign of receiving the baptism.[4]
The Catholic Charismatic Renewal believes that there is a further experience of empowerment with the Holy Spirit.[58] The Rev. Brenton Cordeiro states that Baptism with the Holy Spirit is the "sovereign action of God, which usually occurs when someone with a disposition of surrender and docility, prays for a fresh outpouring of the Holy Spirit in his or her life."[38] As stated by Rev. Fr. Raniero Cantalamessa, "baptism in the Spirit is not a sacrament, but it is related to a sacrament [...] to the sacraments of Christian initiation. The baptism in the Spirit makes real and in a way renews Christian initiation".[59] The consensus of Catholic theologians teach that "baptism in the Holy Spirit unleashes the Holy Spirit that is already present within us, by revitalizing the graces we received in the sacrament of Baptism."[38] At the same time, "Baptism in the Spirit doesn't only re-ignite the graces already given to Christians through the Sacraments – it's also a new, fresh experience of the Holy Spirit which equips and inspires the individual for service, for mission, for discipleship and for life."[39] Rev. Brenton Cordeiro teaches that those who have received Baptism with the Holy Spirit "testify that the experience brought them to a new awareness of the reality and presence of Jesus Christ in their lives [as well as] a new hunger for the Word of God, the Sacraments and were filled with a renewed desire for holiness."[38]
Neo-charismatic movement
During the 1980s, another renewal movement emerged called the "
Mormonism
In the
Bible references
- Matthew 3:11: "He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit"[63]
- Mark 1:8: "He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit"[64]
- Luke 3:16: "He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit"[65]
- Luke 3:22: "and the Holy Spirit descended upon him in bodily form like a dove."[66]
- Luke 11:13: "how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!"[67]
- Luke 24:49: "stay here in the city until you have been clothed with power from on high."[68] (see fulfillment in Acts 2)[69]
- John 1:33: "the one who baptizes with the Holy Spirit."[70]
- Acts 1:4–5: "the Promise of the Father"; "you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit"[71]
- Acts 2:1–4: "All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages"[72]
- Acts 2:14–18: "I will pour out my Spirit"[73] (quoting Joel 2:28–29).[74]
- Acts 4:31: "they were all filled with the Holy Spirit"[75]
- Acts 8:14–17: "prayed for them that they might receive the Holy Spirit"; "as yet the Spirit had not yet come upon any of them"; "they received the Holy Spirit"; "the Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles' hands"[76]
- Acts 9:17: "Jesus [...] has sent me [...] that you may [...] be filled with the Holy Spirit."[77]
- Acts 10:44–48: "The Holy Spirit fell upon all who heard the word"; "the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out"; "people who have received the Holy Spirit"[78]
- Acts 11:15–16: "the Spirit fell upon them"; "you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit"[79]
- Acts 15:8: "God [...] testified to them by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as he did to us"[80]
- Acts 19:1–6: "Did you receive the Holy Spirit [...]?"; "the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied"[81]
- 1 Corinthians 12:13: "For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body—Jews or Greeks, slaves or free"[82]
- Galatians 3:2: "Did you receive the Spirit [...] by believing what you heard?"[83]
- Ephesians 1:13: "marked with the seal of the promised Holy Spirit"[84]
See also
Notes
- ^ The United Methodist Church. 2012. Archivedfrom the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
The Methodists were also first to coin the phrase baptism of the Holy Spirit as applied to a second and sanctifying grace (experience) of God. (Cf. John Fletcher of Madeley, Methodism's earliest formal theologian.) The Methodists meant by their "baptism" something different from the Pentecostals, but the view that this is an experience of grace separate from and after salvation was the same.
- ^ a b c "Doctrine". Pilgrim Holiness Church of New York, Inc. 15 December 2000. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
- ^ a b The West Tennessee Historical Society Papers - Issue 56. West Tennessee Historical Society. 2002. p. 41.
Seymour's holiness background suggests that Pentecostalism had roots in the holiness movement of the late nineteenth century. The holiness movement embraced the Wesleyan doctrine of "sanctification" or the second work of grace, subsequent to conversion. Pentecostalism added a third work of grace, called the baptism of the Holy Ghost, which is often accompanied by glossolalia.
- ^ a b c d Grudem 1994, pp. 763–64.
- ^ Grudem 1994, p. 770.
- ^ a b Carson & Cerrito 2003, pp. 100–03.
- ^ Greenspahn 1989, p. 37.
- ^ Wurzburger 2007, p. 580.
- ^ "Holy Spirit" Archived 2017-01-22 at the Wayback Machine, Jewish Encyclopedia Archived 2014-10-30 at the Wayback Machine (1906). Accessed March 15, 2012.
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church Archived 2020-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, paragraph 1214.
- ^ McDonnell & Montague 1991, p. 4.
- ^ McDonnell & Montague 1991, p. 7.
- ^ a b Grudem 1994, p. 771.
- ^ a b "Baptism in the Holy Spirit", New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements.
- ^ a b Duffield & Van Cleave 2008, p. 312.
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church Archived 2020-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, paragraphs 1288–1292.
- ^ Synan 1997, p. x.
- ^ Bromiley 1978, p. 278.
- ^ a b Dunn 1977, p. 1.
- ^ Gibson, James. "Wesleyan Heritage Series: Entire Sanctification". South Georgia Confessing Association. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ^ a b c d Wacker 2001, p. 2.
- ISBN 9781630871253.
Wesley insisted, especially in his later writings, that Christian perfection is both instantaneous and gradual. In 1767 he wrote "As to the manner, I believe this perfection is always wrought in the soul by a simple act of faith; consequently in an instant. But I believe a gradual work, both preceding and following that instant.
- ^ Synan 1997, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Fletcher 1833, p. 356.
- ISBN 9781630878320.
In addition to these separate denominational groupings, one needs to give attention to the large pockets of the Holiness movement that have remained within the United Methodist Church. The most influential of these would be the circles dominated by Asbury College and Asbury Theological Seminary (both in Wilmore, KY), but one could speak of other colleges, innumerable local campmeetings, the vestiges of various local Holiness associations, independent Holiness oriented missionary societies and the like that have had great impact within United Methodism. A similar pattern would exist in England with the role of Cliff College within Methodism in that context.
- ^ Synan 1997, pp. 14–15.
- ^ Synan 1997, p. 50.
- ^ Synan 1997, p. 89.
- ^ Macchia 2006, p. 64.
- ^ Cyril 1986, p. 65.
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church Archived 2020-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, paragraph 1212.
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church Archived 2020-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, paragraphs 1213, 1215.
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church Archived 2020-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, paragraphs 1241–1242.
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church Archived 2020-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, paragraph 1285.
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church Archived 2020-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, paragraph 1302.
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church Archived 2020-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, paragraph 1303.
- ^ Carson & Cerrito 2003, pp. 84–92.
- ^ a b c d e f Cordeiro, Brenton (29 May 2017). "Baptism in the Holy Spirit: Why Every Catholic Should Consider Receiving It". Catholic Link. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ a b "Baptism in the Holy Spirit". Catholic Charismatic Renewal. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ "The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church - Section 8.3 Holy Sealing". www.nak.org. Archived from the original on 2019-05-12. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
- ^ Kaiser 2004, p. 36.
- ^ Pettegrew 1997, pp. 29–46.
- ^ Allison 2012, p. 5.
- ^ Vanhetloo 1989, p. 103.
- ^ "By Water and the Spirit: A United Methodist Understanding of Baptism". The Book of Resolutions of The United Methodist Church. The United Methodist Church. 2008. Archived from the original on 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
- ^ a b Buschart 2009, p. 194.
- ^ a b Articles of Faith of the Church of the Nararene Archived 2012-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, Article X. Accessed May 21, 2011.
- ^ a b Discipline of the Immanuel Missionary Church. Shoals, Indiana: Immanuel Missionary Church. 1986. pp. 9, 16–17.
- ISBN 9789004116955.
While in Houston, Texas, where he had moved his headquarters, Parham came into contact with William Seymour (1870–1922), an African-American Baptist-Holiness preacher. Seymour took from Parham the teaching that the baptism of the Holy Spirit was not the blessing of sanctification but rather a third work of grace that was accompanied by the experience of tongues.
- ^ "Introduction", New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements.
- ^ Grudem 1994, pp. 764–65.
- ^ Gee 1980, pp. 14–15.
- ^ Jacobsen 2003, p. 20.
- ^ Robeck 2006, p. 182.
- ^ Leo Joseph Suenens (1978). Ecumenism and Charismatic Renewal: Theological and Pastoral Orientations. Servant Books. p. 21.
- ISBN 978-0-520-36602-2.
- ISBN 978-0-19-160743-1.
- ISBN 0-310-22481-0.
- ^ "Baptism in the Holy Spirit by Father Raniero Cantalamessa". Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ Ludlow 1992, pp. 97–98.
- ^ Ludlow 1992, pp. 543–44.
- ^ Ludlow 1992, pp. 310–11.
- ^ Matthew 3:11
- ^ Mark 1:8
- ^ Luke 3:16
- ^ Luke 3:22
- ^ Luke 11:13
- ^ Luke 24:49
- ^ Acts 2
- ^ John 1:33
- ^ Acts 1:4–5
- ^ Acts 2:1–4
- ^ Acts 2:14–18
- ^ Joel 2:28–29
- ^ Acts 4:31
- ^ Acts 8:14–17
- ^ Acts 9:17
- ^ Acts 10:44–48
- ^ Acts 11:15–16
- ^ Acts 15:8
- ^ Acts 19:1–6
- ^ 1 Corinthians 12:13
- ^ Galatians 3:2
- ^ Ephesians 1:13
References
- Allison, Gregg R. (2012), "Baptism with and Filling of the Holy Spirit" (PDF), Southern Baptist Journal of Theology, 16 (4): 4–21, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-19, retrieved 2016-02-07.
- Arrington, French L. (Fall 1981), "The Indwelling, Baptism, and Infilling with the Holy Spirit: A Differentiation of Terms", Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, 3 (1).
- Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1978), Historical Theology: An Introduction, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, ISBN 0-567-22357-4
- Buschart, W. David (2009), Exploring Protestant Traditions, InterVarsity Press, ISBN 9780830875146
- Carson, Thomas; Cerrito, Joann, eds. (2003), New Catholic Encyclopedia (2nd ed.), Detroit: Gale, ISBN 978-0-7876-4004-0
- Catechism of the Catholic Church. (2nd ed.), Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2000, ISBN 1-57455-110-8(English translation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church: Modifications from the Editio Typica.)
- Cyril (1986) [1951], Cross, Frank L. (ed.), Lectures on the Christian Sacraments: The Procatechesis and the Five Mystagogical Catecheses, Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, ISBN 0-913836-39-7
- Duffield, Guy P.; Van Cleave, Nathaniel M. (2008) [1983], Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, Los Angeles, California: Foursquare Media
- Dunn, James D. G. (1977), Baptism in the Holy Spirit, Westminster: John Knox Press
- Fletcher, John (1833), The Works of the Reverend John Fletcher, Late Vicar of Madeley, vol. 2, New York
- Gee, Donald (1980), Concerning Spiritual Gifts, Springfield, Missouri: Gospel Publishing House, ISBN 0-88243-486-1
- Greenspahn, Frederick E. (Spring 1989), "Why Prophecy Ceased", Journal of Biblical Literature, 108 (1): 37–49, JSTOR 3267469.
- Grudem, Wayne (1994), Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan
- Jacobsen, Douglas G. (2003), Thinking in the Spirit: Theologies of the Early Pentecostal Movement, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press
- Kaiser, Walter C. Jr. (2004), "The Baptism in the Holy Spirit as the Promise of the Father: A Reformed Perspective", in Brand, Chad (ed.), Perspectives on Spirit Baptism, Nashville, Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8054-2594-9
- Ludlow, Daniel H., ed. (1992). "Baptism of Fire and of the Holy Ghost". Encyclopedia of Mormonism. MacMillan. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
- Macchia, Frank D. (2006), Baptized in the Spirit: A Global Pentecostal Theology, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, ISBN 978-0-310-25236-8
- McDonnell, Kilian; Montague, George T. (1991), Christian Initiation and Baptism in the Holy Spirit: Evidence from the First Eight Centuries, Michael Glazier Books, ISBN 978-0-8146-5009-7
- Pettegrew, Larry D. (Spring 1997), "Dispensationalists and Spirit Baptism" (PDF), Masters Seminary Journal, 8 (1): 29–46.
- Robeck, Cecil M. Jr. (2006), The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement, Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, Inc.
- Synan, Vinson (1997), The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the Twentieth Century, Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 978-0-8028-4103-2
- Vanhetloo, Warren (Spring 1989), "Spirit Baptism" (PDF), Calvary Baptist Theological Journal: 90–116.
- Wacker, Grant (2001), Heaven Below: Early Pentecostals and American Culture, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780674011281
- Wurzburger, Walter S. (2007). "Prophets and Prophecy". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 16. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 566–86. ISBN 978-0-02-865928-2.
Further reading
- ISBN 978-0-8007-9348-7. Written from a Pentecostal perspective.
- Montague, George T. Holy Spirit, Make Your Home in Me: Biblical Meditations on Receiving the Gift of the Spirit. Word Among Us Press, February 2008. ISBN 978-1-59325-128-4. Written from a Catholic charismatic perspective.
- Phillips, Ron. An Essential Guide to Baptism in the Holy Spirit: Foundations on the Holy Spirit Book 1. Charisma House, June 7, 2011. Southern Baptistpastor.
- Torrey, R.A. The Baptism With The Holy Spirit. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, September 10, 2010 (originally published in 1895). R.A. Torreydistanced himself from the Pentecostal movement, he did believe the baptism with the Holy Spirit was a second work of grace.
- Yun, Koo Dong. Baptism in the Holy Spirit: An Ecumenical Theology of Spirit Baptism. University Press of America, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7618-2636-1. The author analyzes nine different theologians' views on Spirit baptism from various Christian traditions (Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Dispensational, Pentecostal, and Reformed).