Barangaroo, New South Wales

Coordinates: 33°51′40″S 151°12′11″E / 33.8611°S 151.203°E / -33.8611; 151.203
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the locality in New South Wales. For the person, see Barangaroo.
Not to be confused with Marrangaroo, New South Wales or Marangaroo, Western Australia.

Barangaroo
Federal division(s)
Sydney
Suburbs around Barangaroo:
Millers Point
Dawes Point
Darling Harbour Barangaroo The Rocks
Sydney CBD

Barangaroo is an area of central

Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the north-western edge of the Sydney central business district and the southern end of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney. The area was used for fishing and hunting by Indigenous Australians prior to colonial settlement. The area is inclusive of The Hungry Mile, the name harbourside workers gave to the docklands area of Darling Harbour East during The Great Depression
, where workers would walk from wharf to wharf in search of a job, often failing to find one.

In 2003, the

agency of the NSW Government, called the Barangaroo Delivery Authority.[3]

Redevelopment commenced in 2012 and is expected to be entirely completed by 2023.[4] The redevelopment involves parkland with several new apartment buildings, as well as a metro station, hotel, "cultural space" and casino.

History

This area was of importance to

middens and numerous rock engravings close to the site indicate indigenous occupation dating back around 6,000 years, while radiocarbon dates from other parts of Sydney indicate that the wider area was occupied for at least 14,500 years prior to non-indigenous settlement, from 1788. It is not clear what mobility indigenous people had during seasons.[2]

Following a public competition in 2006, the East Darling Harbour area[5] was renamed in October 2007[6] in honour of Barangaroo, a Kamaraygal woman[7] who was the second wife of Bennelong, an interlocutor between the Aboriginal people and the early British colonists in New South Wales. She did not, however agree with Bennelong working with the colonial government.[8][9] Watkin Tench, a marine from the First Fleet, in his first-hand account called A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson, describes one such encounter with Barangaroo:[10]

"Not seeing Barangaroo of the party, I asked for her, and was informed that she had violently opposed Bennelong's departure. When she found persuasion vain, she had recourse to tears, scolding, and threats, stamping the ground, and tearing her hair. But Baneelon continuing determined, she snatched up in her rage one of his fish-gigs, and dashed it with such fury on the rocks, that it broke. To quiet her apprehensions on the score of her husband's safety, Mr. Johnson, attended by Abaroo, agreed to remain as a hostage until [Bennelong] should return".

The suburb now known as Barangaroo was for 200 years the community of Millers Point and known by that name as "Millers Point". Briefly the point at its northern end was named Barangaroo Point until this was determined to be inaccurate by the Geographical Names Board, and the name historic Millers Point was reinstated. It appears Millers Point may have been known in the local Aboriginal language as Ilkan maladul. There is one record that this phrase was recorded by a linguist marine Lieutenant William Dawes on a sketch map inside the front cover of his first language notebook, dated to 1790.[11]

European settlement

At the time of European and indigenous contact,

Millers Point and European settlers started constructing houses and building a small village. In the 1830s the first wharf was constructed in the area immediately bringing more people to the nascent villages around two public houses.[2] In 1843 the Australian Gas Light Company finished building and began operating a gas works in East Darling Harbour. This was the beginning of major residential and dockland development in the area as employees needed to be housed near the works. The works also brought more commercial shipping into the harbour as the coal for the works had to be delivered by boat.[13]

In 1859 a direct route from The Rocks to Millers Point was created, called the Argyle Cut. This made the journey back and forth from the main colony much safer and quicker. The route was a major catalyst for development in east Darling Harbour and Millers Point.[14]

Early shipping era to 1960s

Wharves on Hickson Road circa 1920
Aerial view of the wharves in 1937

From the 1850s to the 1880s the docks and

Victoria to strike it rich. The companies had to become more flexible in meeting worker demands so they offered better pay and working conditions to workers who stayed in Sydney. In the 1860s storage facilities and warehouses had to be built out on Millers Point to accommodate the massive number of bulk goods flowing through the port. By the 1870s the waterfront was covered in warehouses and storage depots, mostly holding the treasured export of the time, wool.[citation needed
]

From 1880 to 1900, specialisation of the area occurred. Shipyards closed down in favour of storage facilities and bigger wharfs to accommodate contemporary ships with larger cargo loads were built. The skilled ship builders were therefore out of a job and had to find work elsewhere, while more unskilled workers were needed to fill

stevedoring
positions. This shifted the demographics of the area significantly, turning it from a mix of skilled and unskilled workers to a working-class neighbourhood.

A laneway at the side of Sussex Street during the bubonic plague outbreak in Sydney, 1900.

The arrival of the bubonic plague in Sydney in 1900 was cause for alarm on the docks. It also provided convenient grounds for mass resumptions of houses in preparation for reshaping the landscape of The Rocks, Dawes Point and Millers Point.[15] Mass areas of Sydney were fenced off and people deported to North Head to be quarantined. Shipping operations were shut down for a period of time while Council decontaminated the area and exterminated disease ridden rats. During this time the ownership of the port was shifted from individually owned private wharfs to the Sydney Harbour Trust. The trust dismantled the inadequate and unsafe docks and built finger wharfs large enough to facilitate large modern ships. By the end of the 1930s construction was complete, the wharfs dominated the waterfront from Millers point down to Darling Harbour.

The Great Depression gave East Darling Harbour and dock areas surrounding it a poignant nickname, The Hungry Mile. During this period great masses of workers would line up down the mile long stretch of wharfs and wait for work.[16] Clerks chose the workers based on the a system where the fitter men were chosen over the weaker, and where socialist troublemakers were sidelined in favour of willing workers. This brutal system made for a very adversarial environment which polarised the community at large. They erupted occasionally in protest, most famously refusing to load a boat with scrap metal bound for Japan on the eve of World War II.[17]

The undeveloped area in 2009

Modern shipping era to redevelopment

By the 1950s ships had become too big for the now inadequately small finger wharfs of East Darling Harbour. Standardized

Port Botany in 1979 and the expansion of port facilities at Port Kembla and Newcastle
. With excellent rail, road and air connections to the port, along with massive capacity for expansion and the ability to handle large container ships, it progressively became the main port of Sydney.

A campaign to save the Sydney Harbour Control Tower for its maritime heritage ultimate failed with the redevelopment of Barangaroo Reserve

The wharfs had been unusually free of union activity from the beginning of World War II up until the mid-1990s, with high wages and a steady stream of jobs. In 1996 the Howard government was elected into power promising industrial relations reform. In 1997 the Workplace Relations Act, 1996 limited the bargaining power of unions and sidelined the Australian Industrial Relations Commission's ability to mediate negotiations as well as introducing statutory employee contracts. In 1998 Patrick Stevedoring laid off all its workers and liquidated its assets after encountering backlash from the unions for the new workplace contracts taking advantage of the new legislation.[18] But the very next day when work was expected to grind to a halt, everything was proceeding as if nothing happened. The employees were rehired by a new corporation with the same people who owned Patrick, just on a lower wage and with fewer concessions in their contracts.[citation needed]

In 2003 with the stevedoring companies set to move out within three years, the Government of New South Wales designated the site for redevelopment into parklands and commercial space. An international design contest was launched in 2005 attracting 139 submissions from around the world. The winning design by Hill Thalis Architecture + Urban Projects, Paul Berkemeier Architects and Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture was announced in March 2006 together with a naming competition for the new precinct.

Minister for Planning, Frank Sartor, announced that the area will be renamed as Barangaroo.[8][20][21]
In late 2006 Patrick Corporation, who leased the site from the New South Wales Government, moved their stevedoring operations to Port Botany. This put an end to almost 130 years of cargo shipping operations in eastern Darling Harbour.

Prior to the precinct's redevelopment, Barangaroo was a World Youth Day 2008 site used for the opening mass for an estimated 150,000 people,[22] concerts, a re-enactment of the Stations of the Cross and for the arrival of Pope Benedict XVI to Sydney. A passenger terminal for cruise liners was temporarily located at Barangaroo, prior to construction of the White Bay Cruise Terminal. The Barangaroo Foreshore is also available for events during construction.

Redevelopment

Initial site works in May 2012

Initially placed in the hands of

Lord Rogers and developer, Lendlease, who controversially proposed a 230 metres (755 ft) tall hotel to be constructed 150 metres (492 ft) into Darling Harbour, as well as parkland and commercial offices. When plans were put on public display during 2010 it was claimed that the development exceeded planning height and footprint limits.[28] Following public outcry at changes to the original Concept Plan, community-based organisations such as the Friends of Barangaroo, Australians for Sustainable Development and the Barangaroo Action Group formed, colloquially referring to the precinct as "the Greedy Mile". In March 2010, the Government and Lendlease entered into provisional contracts for the development of the site, subject to Ministerial approval which was given in May 2010. Concerned about the lack of transparency, in September 2010 Clover Moore, who was both Lord Mayor of the City of Sydney and Member for Sydney in the state parliament, resigned as a director of the Barangaroo Delivery Authority.[29]

On attaining Government in March 2011, Premier Barry O'Farrell announced an independent review into the selection processes. The panel reported in August 2011 and stated that two members of a design panel had a conflict of duty.[30] O'Farrell also overturned an amendment to planning legislation made in the last days of the previous government that placed the Barangaroo site as exempt from remediation of contaminated sites requirements. The Government has also asked Lendlease to move the hotel off the harbour as a gesture of goodwill, even though it has planning approval from the Keneally government. As of January 2012, discussions with the developer were still ongoing.[31]

Precincts

The redevelopment project comprises three precincts: Barangaroo South, Barangaroo Central and Barangaroo Reserve.

International Towers
in 2017

Barangaroo South

  • Barangaroo House
    Barangaroo House
  • Mercantile Walk
    Mercantile Walk
  • Wulugul Walk
    Wulugul Walk
  • Watermans Cove
    Watermans Cove
International Towers Sydney. The tallest is IT1 at 217 metres (712 ft). In addition to office space, it will also include a community or childcare centre. All three towers will feature retail on the podium levels. IT2 is due for completion in 2015, while IT1 & IT3 are expected to be complete the following year.[33]

Barangaroo Central

Barangaroo Central will contain low-rise residential and commercial buildings.

Greens MP John Kaye, and Clover Moore were also critical of the process.[45] Defending his position, Packer opined:[46]

With our harbour and climate, Sydney should be one of the world's best destinations, but we are being let down by an under-investment in quality tourism infrastructure... A world-class landmark resort on Sydney Harbour can be the catalyst to help turn the city around, just as Crown assisted in the turnaround of Melbourne... Some commentators have raised the process we are undertaking to progress our proposal. The NSW unsolicited proposal process exists to allow any organisation with unique ideas to make a submission to the government. We have followed that process to the letter and, despite reaching stage two, there is a long way to go... For a hotel resort in Sydney to be a landmark building that will attract millions of visitors, it must be on Sydney Harbour. Barangaroo is the only waterfront and harbourside location in the Sydney CBD that will accommodate such a development.

— James Packer in The Sydney Morning Herald, 3 November 2012

In July 2013 after a recommendation from an independent steering committee Premier O'Farrell announced the Crown proposal would be moved to Stage 3 of the unsolicited proposals process, the final stage where the parties will negotiate a binding contract.[47] The government is to receive an A$100 million upfront fee for the licence, despite being offered A$250 million with alternative tax arrangements which the steering committee's economic advisor Deloitte calculated was a superior offer.[48] Crown's intention is to lure Chinese high-rollers to its Sydney casino leveraging off its interests in its Macau casinos and taking advantage of a new streamlined visa process introduced by the Australian government for Chinese citizens wanting to gamble at Australian casinos.[49] In November 2013, it was announced that Crown Sydney received approval for the casino licence and place at Barangaroo.[50] Crown Sydney opened its resort hotel and restaurant/bars precinct in December 2020, though the casino is subject to future approval.[51]

Barangaroo Reserve

Barangaroo Reserve
PWP Landscape Architecture
Operated byCity of Sydney
StatusOpen all year
Walumil Lawns

Barangaroo Reserve is a 6-hectare (15-acre) artificially recreated headland park at the northern end of Barangaroo. The park opened on 22 August 2015 and features a reconstructed, naturalistic headland based around the pre-1836 shoreline.

PWP Landscape Architecture.[53] It was said the site was reconnecting Millers Point to the waterfront which re-establishes Sydney's first neighbourhood as one of contemporary and historic significance.[54] The parkland features grassed areas, lookouts, walking and cycle paths, two new harbour coves, and tidal rock pools created from sandstone excavated directly from the Barangaroo site.[53] However, the site itself is what was named Millers Point almost 200 years ago, and the Geographical Names Board upheld the Millers Point Community's objection to it being named Barangaroo Point.[55][56] The parklands included the Sydney Harbour Control Tower
, built in 1974. The design of Barangaroo Reserve called for removal of the tower as it did not assimilate with the "natural" architectural goal for the reserve, however this attracted some public outcry. Demolition of the tower began in March 2016 and reached completion in January 2017.

Wulugul Walk

The Hawkesbury sandstone used to create Barangaroo Reserve was excavated on site. The foreshore of the park is constructed from 10,000 sandstone blocks excavated and cut on the site. Some 6,500 blocks were placed to create the foreshore. More than 42,000 tonnes (46,297 short tons) of rough stone and a further 30,000 tonnes (33,069 short tons) of crushed stone was also used in the construction. In addition, some 75,000 native trees, plants and shrubs have been used to landscape Barangaroo Reserve.

A total of 84 species were chosen, 79 of which are native to Sydney Harbour. Many of the species are not to be found in commercial nurseries, so seeds and cuttings were collected from wild sites around Sydney Harbour and the Hawkesbury River.[57]

A cultural facility called "the Cutaway", and car park is located beneath the headland.[58]

Population

According to 2016 census there were 189 people in Barangaroo. It was Sydney's most expensive area, with average apartments costing $10,000,000.[59] At the 2021 census the population had grown to 220.[60]

There has been criticism as the area was reclaimed for affordable housing, however features Australia's most expensive and exclusive real estate.

Transport

Ferry

Barangaroo Wharf 1

Darling Harbour ferry wharf in June 2017.[61] The complex serves as the city centre's western ferry hub and consists of two wharves, with provision for a third wharf in the future. It is serviced by Sydney Ferries' F3 Parramatta River and F4 Pyrmont Bay
services.

Metro

Barangaroo Metro Station under construction

Barangaroo railway station is a future rapid transit station servicing Barangaroo. It has been confirmed as part of the Sydney Metro City & Southwest project and is scheduled to open in 2024.[62]

The station will be served by automated six car

Alstom Metropolis
trains with platform screen doors along the platform. Services will run at a frequency of up to every two minutes in peak hour.

Bus

Barangaroo is served by Transdev John Holland bus routes 311, 324 and 325 to the Eastern Suburbs.[63]

Wynyard Walk

Wynyard Walk, connecting Wynyard station with Barangaroo, opened in 2016.[64][65][66][67]

See also

  • Millers Point

Two other large-scale inner-city urban renewal projects in Sydney are:

References

  1. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Barangaroo (suburb and locality)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Discover Barangaroo: History". Barangaroo, Sydney, Australia. Barangaroo Delivery Authority. 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  3. ^ Barangaroo Delivery Authority, Barangaroo.com.
  4. ^ "Barangaroo Timeline". Barangaroo Delivery Authority.
  5. ^ Pearlman, Jonathan (20 October 2006). "No kitsch within cooee of Barangaroo: contest winners". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  6. ^ "Barangaroo". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 23 January 2012. Edit this at Wikidata
  7. ^ "Barangaroo a north shore girl". Indigenous history of Sydney City. Sydney City Council. 19 October 2006. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  8. ^ a b Aston, Heath (19 October 2006). "It's Barangaroo, Darling". The Daily Telegraph. Australia. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  9. ^ "Barangaroo, a Cameragal woman of courage" (PDF). Annual Report. Sydney: Barangaroo Delivery Authority. 2011. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  10. ^ Tench, Watkin (2006). "Chapter IX" (eBook). A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson. Adelaide: The University of Adelaide.
  11. ^ "A Bit of a Blog". Shirley Fitzgerald.
  12. ISBN 92-4-156110-6
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  13. ^ "agl history". agl.com.au.
  14. ^ "Argyle Cut". nga.gov.au.
  15. ^ "Saving the Workers' Flats - MILLERS POINT". millerspointcommunity.com.au. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015.
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  17. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. ^ O'Nill, Steve (1997–1998). "Outline of Waterfront Dispute". Current Issues Brief (Parliamentary Library) (15). Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  19. ^ a b "History of the Barangaroo redevelopment". About us. Barangaroo Action Group. Archived from the original on 8 September 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
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  26. ^ Dempster, Quentin (1 March 2010). "Interview with Paul Keating" (transcript). Stateline. Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  27. ^ Norrie, Justin (2 November 2006). "A monster so hungry it will eat all the sunlight". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  28. ^ Moore, Matthew (4 March 2010). "Barangaroo towers breach height limits, says design architect". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  29. ^ Moore, Matthew (22 September 2010). "Moore quits over Barangaroo 'railroading'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  30. ^ Moore, Matthew (11 August 2011). "Barangaroo review suggests a conflict of duty on design panel". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  31. ^ Munro, Kesley (20 January 2012). "Top marks for Barangaroo clean-up – now to agree on a spot for hotel". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  32. ^ "Welcome to Barangaroo South". Barangaroo Delivery Authority. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
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  35. ^ "Premier pleased with new Sydney casino plans". ABC News. Australia. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
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  44. ^ Nicholls, Sean (2 November 2012). "Casino got nod faster than major tunnel plan". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
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  46. ^ Packer, James (3 November 2012). "For the good of Sydney, back this plan". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  47. ^ "Crown proposal moves to stage 3" (PDF). Premier of New South Wales. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  48. ^ "O'Farrell under pressure to lay bare casino decision a day after receiving report". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  49. ^ "James Packer bets big on luring Chinese gamblers to Sydney". South China Morning Post. 28 July 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
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  53. ^ a b "Barangaroo Point". Discover Barangaroo. Barangaroo Delivery Authority. 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  54. ^ "Barangaroo". Projects. PWP Landscape Architecture. 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
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  57. ^ FAQ Barangaroo.sydney Retrieved 28 August 2015
  58. ^ Moore, Matthew (10 September 2011). "Culture to bloom in Barangaroo bunker". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
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  60. ^ "2021 Barangaroo, Census All persons QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  61. ^ O'Sullivan, Matt (26 June 2017). "Sydney's new ferry hub at Barangaroo opens to commuters". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  62. ^ Budget delivers $9 billion for public transport services and infrastructure Archived 26 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Transport for NSW 23 June 2015
  63. ^ "New bus services set to roll into Barangaroo and Walsh Bay". Transport for NSW. 17 July 2015. Archived from the original on 20 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  64. ^ Early works to commence on Wynyard Walk Archived 16 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Transport for NSW, 18 April 2012.
  65. ^ Wynyard walk tunnelling starts as Barangaroo wharf early works begin Archived 19 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine Transport for NSW 8 October 2014.
  66. ^ Wynyard Walk Transport for NSW, 12 November 2014
  67. ^ Wynyard Walk – Environment Archived 16 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Transport for NSW, 9 December 2014.

33°51′40″S 151°12′11″E / 33.8611°S 151.203°E / -33.8611; 151.203

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