Gemini (chatbot)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Bard (chatbot)
)
This article is about the chatbot. For the language model, see Gemini (language model).

Gemini
Developer(s)Google AI
Initial releaseMarch 21, 2023; 13 months ago (2023-03-21)
Stable release
March 4, 2024; 52 days ago (2024-03-04)[1]
Operating system
Available in46 languages[2]
239 countries and regions[2]
TypeChatbot
LicenseProprietary[3]
Websitegemini.google.com/app Edit this on Wikidata

Gemini, formerly known as Bard, is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by Google. Based on the large language model (LLM) of the same name and developed as a direct response to the meteoric rise of OpenAI's ChatGPT, it was launched in a limited capacity in March 2023 before expanding to other countries in May. It was previously based on PaLM, and initially the LaMDA family of large language models.

LaMDA had been developed and announced in 2021, but it was not released to the public out of an abundance of caution. OpenAI's launch of ChatGPT in November 2022 and its subsequent popularity caught Google executives off-guard and sent them into a panic, prompting a sweeping response in the ensuing months. After mobilizing its workforce, the company launched Bard in February 2023, which took center stage during the 2023 Google I/O keynote in May and was upgraded to the Gemini LLM in December. Bard and Duet AI were unified under the Gemini brand in February 2024, coinciding with the launch of an Android app.

Gemini has received lukewarm responses. It became the center of controversy in February 2024, when social media users reported that it was generating historically inaccurate images of historical figures as people of color, with conservative commentators decrying its alleged bias as "

wokeness
".

Background

Further information: LaMDA § History
Google co-founders Larry Page (R) and Sergey Brin (L) were summoned out of retirement to discuss Google's response to OpenAI's ChatGPT.

In November 2022,

large language models (LLMs).[4][5] ChatGPT gained worldwide attention following its release, becoming a viral Internet sensation.[6] Alarmed by ChatGPT's potential threat to Google Search, Google executives issued a "code red" alert, reassigning several teams to assist in the company's artificial intelligence (AI) efforts.[7] Sundar Pichai, the CEO of Google and parent company Alphabet, was widely reported to have issued the alert, but Pichai later denied this to The New York Times.[8] In a rare move, Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, who had stepped down from their roles as co-CEOs of Alphabet in 2019, were summoned to emergency meetings with company executives to discuss Google's response to ChatGPT.[9] Brin requested access to Google's code in February 2023, for the first time in years.[10]

Earlier in 2021, the company had unveiled

investor call in February that the company had plans to expand LaMDA's availability and applications.[19]

History

Announcement

On February 6, 2023, Google announced Bard, a generative artificial intelligence chatbot powered by LaMDA.[20][21][22] Bard was first rolled out to a select group of 10,000 "trusted testers",[23] before a wide release scheduled at the end of the month.[20][21][22] The project was overseen by product lead Jack Krawczyk, who described the product as a "collaborative AI service" rather than a search engine,[24][25] while Pichai detailed how Bard would be integrated into Google Search.[20][21][22] Reuters calculated that adding ChatGPT-like features to Google Search could cost the company $6 billion in additional expenses by 2024, while research and consulting firm SemiAnalysis calculated that it would cost Google $3 billion.[26] The technology was developed under the codename "Atlas",[27] with the name "Bard" in reference to the Celtic term for a storyteller and chosen to "reflect the creative nature of the algorithm underneath".[28][29]

Multiple media outlets and financial analysts described Google as "rushing" Bard's announcement to preempt rival Microsoft's planned February 7 event unveiling its partnership with OpenAI to integrate ChatGPT into its Bing search engine in the form of Bing Chat (later rebranded as Microsoft Copilot),[30][31] as well as to avoid playing "catch-up" to Microsoft.[32][33][34] Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella told The Verge: "I want people to know that we made them dance."[35] Tom Warren of The Verge and Davey Alba of Bloomberg News noted that this marked the beginning of another clash between the two Big Tech companies over "the future of search", after their six-year "truce" expired in 2021;[30][36] Chris Stokel-Walker of The Guardian, Sara Morrison of Recode, and analyst Dan Ives of investment firm Wedbush Securities labeled this an AI arms race between the two.[37][38][39]

After an "underwhelming" February 8 livestream in Paris showcasing Bard, Google's stock fell eight percent, equivalent to a $100 billion loss in

knee-jerk reaction.[45] Alphabet chairman John Hennessy acknowledged that Bard was not fully product-ready, but expressed excitement at the technology's potential.[46]

A week after the Paris livestream, Pichai asked employees to dedicate two to four hours to

laid off 12,000 employees later that month due to slowing revenue growth, remaining workers shared memes and snippets of their humorous exchanges with Bard soliciting its "opinion" on the layoffs.[50] Google employees began testing a more sophisticated version of Bard with larger parameters, dubbed "Big Bard", in mid-March.[51]

Launch

 
The logo for Bard

Google opened up early access for Bard on March 21, 2023, in a limited capacity, allowing users in the U.S. and UK to join a waitlist. Unlike Microsoft's approach with Bing Chat, Bard was launched as a standalone web application featuring a text box and a disclaimer that the chatbot "may display inaccurate or offensive information that doesn't represent Google's views". Three responses are then provided to each question, with users prompted to submit feedback on the usefulness of each answer. Google vice presidents Sissie Hsiao and Eli Collins framed Bard as a complement to Google Search and stated that the company had not determined how to make the service profitable.[52][53][54] Among those granted early access were those enrolled in Google's "Pixel Superfans" loyalty program,[55] users of its Pixel and Nest devices, and Google One subscribers.[56]

Bard is trained by third-party contractors hired by Google, including

software engineer at the company published an internal memo warning that Google was falling behind in the AI "arms race", not to OpenAI but to independent researchers in open-source communities.[63] Pichai revealed on March 31 that the company intended to "upgrade" Bard by basing it on PaLM, a newer and more powerful LLM from Google, rather than LaMDA.[64] The same day, Krawczyk announced that Google had added "math and logic capabilities" to Bard.[65] Bard gained the ability to assist in coding in April, being compatible with more than 20 programming languages at launch.[66][67] Microsoft also began running advertisements in the address bar of a developer build of the Edge browser, urging users to try Bing whenever they visit the Bard web app.[68] Google is working to integrate Bard into its ChromeOS operating system and Pixel devices.[69][70]

Updates

Bard took center stage during the annual

server") on Discord was created in July, consisting of users who heavily use Bard. Over the next few months, the chatroom was flooded with comments questioning the usefulness of Bard.[78]

Reflecting on Bard's launch in an interview with

web publishers to opt-out of allowing Bard to scan them for training.[81] Online users later discovered that Google Search was indexing Bard conversation threads on which users had enabled sharing. Google stated that this was an error and quickly moved to rectify the leaks.[82]

In October, during the company's annual

U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against a group of unidentified scammers who had been advertising malware disguised as a downloadable version of Bard.[86][87]

Relaunch

Further information: Gemini (language model) § History
The Gemini mobile app on an Android smartphone

On December 6, 2023, Google announced

Imagen 2 text-to-image model.[94]

On February 8, 2024, Bard and Duet AI were unified under the Gemini brand, with a mobile app launched on Android and the service integrated into the Google app on iOS. On Android, users who downloaded the app saw Gemini replace Assistant as their device's default virtual assistant, though Assistant remained a standalone service.[95][96] Google also launched "Gemini Advanced with Ultra 1.0", available via a "Google One AI Premium" subscription,[97] incorporated Gemini into its Messages app on Android,[98][99] and announced a partnership with Stack Overflow.[100][101]

Reception

Critical response

Gemini, then known as Bard, received mixed reviews upon its initial release.[102] James Vincent of The Verge found it faster than ChatGPT and Bing Chat, but noted that the lack of Bing-esque footnotes was "both a blessing and a curse",[54] encouraging Google to be bolder when experimenting with AI.[103] His colleague David Pierce was unimpressed by its uninteresting and sometimes inaccurate responses,[104] adding that despite Google's insistence that Bard was not a search engine, its user interface resembled that of one, which could cause problems for Google.[105] Cade Metz of The New York Times described Bard as "more cautious" than ChatGPT,[106] while Shirin Ghaffary of Vox called it "dry and uncontroversial" due to the reserved nature of its responses.[107]

The Washington Post columnist Geoffrey A. Fowler found Bard a mixed bag, noting that it acted cautiously but could show Internet-influenced bias.[108] Writing for ZDNET, Sabrina Ortiz believed ChatGPT and Bing Chat were "more capable overall" in comparison to Bard,[109] while Wired journalist Lauren Goode found her conversation with Bard "the most bizarre" of the three.[110] After the introduction of extensions, The New York Times' Kevin Roose found the update underwhelming and "a bit of a mess",[111] while Business Insider's Lakshmi Varanasi found that Bard often leaned more into flattery than facts.[112]

In a 60 Minutes conversation with Hsiao, Google senior vice president James Manyika, and Pichai, CBS News correspondent Scott Pelley found Gemini "unsettling".[113] Associate professor Ethan Mollick of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania was underwhelmed by its artistic ineptitude.[114] The New York Times conducted a test with ChatGPT and Gemini regarding their ability to handle tasks expected of human assistants, and concluded that ChatGPT's performance was vastly superior to that of Gemini.[115] NewsGuard, a tool that rates the credibility of news articles, found that Gemini was more skilled at debunking known conspiracy theories than ChatGPT.[116] A report published by the Associated Press cautioned that Gemini and other chatbots were prone to generate "false and misleading information that threaten[ed] to disenfranchise voters".[117]

Image generation controversy

Gemini's response when asked to "generate a picture of a US senator from the 1800s" in February 2024[118]

In February 2024, social media users reported that Gemini was generating images that featured people of color and women in historically inaccurate contexts, such as

X (formerly Twitter) and LinkedIn.[124] The conservative-leaning tabloid New York Post ran a cover story on the incident in the print edition of its newspaper.[125][126]

In response, Krawczyk said that Google was "working to improve these kinds of depictions immediately", and Google paused Gemini's ability to generate images of people.

tweeted that a "senior exec[utive] at Google" had called him and assured him that Google was working to rectify their mistake, but expressed overall skepticism.[123][141]

The market reacted negatively, with Google's stock falling by 4.4 percent.

Surrey University professor Alan Woodward believed that the incident had "deeply embedded" roots in Gemini's training corpus and algorithms, making it difficult to rectify.[149] Jeremy Kahn of Fortune called for researchers focused on safety and responsibility to work together to develop better guardrails.[150] New York magazine contributor John Herrman wrote: "It's a spectacular unforced error, a slapstick rake-in-the-face moment, and a testament to how panicked Google must be by the rise of OpenAI and the threat of AI to its search business."[151]

Other incidents

In the aftermath of the image generation controversy, some users began accusing Gemini's text responses of being biased toward the left as well. In one such tweet that went viral, Gemini said that it was "difficult to say definitively" whether Musk or the Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler had more negatively affected society.[141][139]

In India, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology junior minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar alleged that Google had violated the country's Information Technology Rules by refusing to summarize an article by the right-wing news website OpIndia,[152] and later by stating that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been accused of implementing fascist policies while refusing to make similar statements when asked about Donald Trump and Volodymyr Zelenskyy.[153] In France, Google was fined €250 million by the competition regulator Autorité de la concurrence under the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market, in part due to Google's cited failure to inform local news publishers of when their content is used for Gemini's training.[154]

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Further reading

External links

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