Barda, Azerbaijan
Barda
Bərdə | |
---|---|
City & Municipality | |
UTC+4 (AZT) | |
Area code | +994 2020 |
Barda (
Etymology
The name of the town derives from (
History
Ancient
According to
Regardless, the city did not serve as the residence of the Albanian kings, and was a symbol of foreign rule.[13] The city was fortified by shahanshah Kavad I (r. 488–496, 498/9–531) and renamed Perozkavad ("victorious Kavad").[12][3] Nevertheless, the city was still referred to as Partaw.[3] In 552, the city became the seat of the catholicos of the Church of Caucasian Albania.[3] Partaw served as the residence of the Sasanian prince Khosrow (the future Khosrow II) after his appointment to the governorship of Albania by his father Hormizd IV (r. 579–590) in 580.[14][15] Partaw was most likely captured before 652 by the Rashidun Caliphate.[4] It became known as Bardha‘a in Arabic.[16][17]
Medieval
In ca. 789, it was made the second alternate capital (after
During this time, the city boasted a
Centuries of earthquakes and, finally, the
Modern
Agriculture is the main activity in the area. The local economy is based on the production and processing of cotton, silk, poultry and dairy products. The cease-fire line, concluded at the end of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994, is just a few kilometers west of Barda, near Terter.
On 27 October 2020, Armenian missiles struck the city which killed at least 21 civilians, including a 7 year old girl, and injured 70 others.[30][31] Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International verified the use of cluster munition by Armenia.[32][33]
Notable residents
- Javanshir, Varaz-Tiridates I. etc.
- Arabic governors: Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj, etc.
- Shah Abbas I until being overthrown in a Georgianuprising in 1625.
References
- ^ World Gazetteer: Azerbaijan [dead link] – World-Gazetteer.com
- ^ a b Hoyland 2020, p. 280.
- ^ a b c d e f Gadjiev 2017, p. 124.
- ^ a b c d e f Bosworth 1988, pp. 779–780.
- ^ Pourshariati, Parvaneh. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: the Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London: I.B. Tauris, 2008, p. 116, note 613.
- ^ (in Russian) Périkhanian, Anahit G. "Этимологические заметки" [Notes on Etymology]. Patma-Banasirakan Handes 1 (1982), 77-80.
- ISBN 978-1472425522.
- ISBN 978-1316979853.
- ^ Gadjiev 2017, pp. 122–123.
- ^ Gadjiev 2017, p. 123.
- ^ Hoyland 2020, p. 44.
- ^ a b Chaumont 1985, pp. 806–810.
- ^ Hoyland 2020, p. 70.
- ^ Hoyland 2020, p. 211.
- ^ Howard-Johnston 2010.
- ^ Gadjiev 2017, p. 122.
- ^ Hoyland 2020, p. 39.
- ^ Ter-Ghevondyan, Aram N. (1976). The Arab Emirates in Bagratid Armenia. Trans. Nina G. Garsoïan. Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. pp. 36–37.
- ISBN 9781088093047.
- ^ a b (in Armenian) Ulubabyan, Bagrat. s.v. "Partav," Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 9, p. 210.
- ^ Kirakos Gandzaketsi. History of the Armenians. Trans. Robert Bedrosian.
- ^ Bosworth, C. E. "Arrān." Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^ "Арабские источники о населенных пунктах и населении Кавказской Албании и сопредельных областей (Ибн Руста, ал-Мукаддасий, Мас'уди, Ибн Хаукаль)" (PDF).
- ^ "СБОРНИК МАТЕРИАЛОВ". www.vostlit.info.
- ^ Matthew of Edessa (1993). Armenia and the Crusades: Tenth to Twelfth centuries: The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa. Trans. Ara E. Dosturian. Lanham: University Press of America, p. 151.
- ^ Wheatley, Paul. The Places Where Men Pray Together: Cities in Islamic lands, Seventh through the Tenth Centuries. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001, p 159.
- ^ Estakhri states that there was a Sunday bazaar in Barda, known locally as "Koraki," which in the opinion of a scholar George Bournoutian derives directly from the Armenian, not the Greek, rendition of the word Sunday ("Kiraki"). On this basis, Bournoutian speculates that the city still had a significant Armenian element during the tenth century: see Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi, Two Chronicles on the History of Karabagh: Mirza Jamal Javanshir’s Tarikh-e Karabagh and Mirza Adigozal Beg’s Karabagh-name. Introduction and annotated translation by George A. Bournoutian. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2004, p. 40n2.
- ^ Kennedy 2004, p. 256.
- ISBN 978-963-130321-6.
- ^ "Azerbaijan says 14 people killed by shelling in Barda: RIA". Reuters. 28 October 2020.
- ^ "Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Missile strike on Azeri town kills 21 civilians". BBC News. 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
- ^ "Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia 'cruel and reckless'". Amnesty International. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ "Armenia: Cluster Munitions Kill Civilians in Azerbaijan". Human Rights Watch. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
Sources
- Bosworth, C. E. (1988). "Barḏaʿa". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. III, Fasc. 7. New York. pp. 779–780.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Chaumont, M. L. (1985). "Albania". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8. pp. 806–810.
- ISBN 978-0-582-40525-7.
- Gadjiev, Murtazali (2017). "Construction Activities of Kavād I in Caucasian Albania". Iran and the Caucasus. 21 (2). Brill: 121–131. .
- Howard-Johnston, James (2010). "Ḵosrow II". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
- Hoyland, Robert (2020). From Albania to Arrān: The East Caucasus between the Ancient and Islamic Worlds (ca. 330 BCE–1000 CE). Gorgias Press. pp. 1–405. ISBN 978-1463239886.
Further reading
- Barthold, Wilhelm (1987). "Bard̲h̲aʿa". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume II: Bābā Fighānī–Dwīn. Leiden: BRILL. p. 656. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
- Dunlop, D.M. (1960). "Bard̲h̲aʿa". In OCLC 495469456.
- OCLC 490638192.
- Ulubabyan, Bagrat (1981). Դրվագներ Հայոց արևելից կողմանց պատմության [Episodes from the History of the Eastern Regions of Armenia] Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences.