Barney Frank
Barney Frank | |
---|---|
John LaFalce | |
Succeeded by | Spencer Bachus |
Chair of the House Financial Services Committee | |
In office January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011 | |
Preceded by | Mike Oxley |
Succeeded by | Spencer Bachus |
Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives | |
In office January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1981 | |
Preceded by | Eliot Wadsworth |
Succeeded by | Thomas Vallely |
Constituency | 5th Suffolk (1973–1979) 8th Suffolk (1979–1981) |
Personal details | |
Born | Barnett Frank March 31, 1940 Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse |
Jim Ready (m. 2012) |
Education | Harvard University (BA, JD) |
Barnett Frank (born March 31, 1940) is a former American politician. He served as a member of the
Born and raised in
Prior to his time in the House of Representatives, Frank served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1973 to 1981.[12][13][14][15]
Early life, education, and early career
Frank was born in Bayonne, New Jersey, one of four children of Elsie (née Golush) and Samuel Frank.[16][17] His family was Jewish, and his grandparents had emigrated from Poland and Russia.[18] Frank's father ran a truck stop in Jersey City—a place Frank has described as "totally corrupt"—and when Frank was 6 or 7, his father served a year in prison for refusing to testify to a grand jury against Frank's uncle.[19] Frank was educated at Bayonne High School, before matriculating at Harvard College, where he resided in Matthews Hall his first year and then in Kirkland House and Winthrop House. He graduated in 1962.
Frank's undergraduate studies were interrupted by the death of his father, and Frank took a year off to help resolve the family's affairs prior to his graduation.
Pre-congressional career
In 1972, Frank was elected to the
In 1979, Frank
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
In 1980, Frank ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 4th congressional district, hoping to succeed Reverend Robert Drinan, who had left Congress, following a call by Pope John Paul II for priests to withdraw from political positions. In the Democratic primary held on September 16, 1980, Frank won 52% of the vote in a four-candidate field.[24][25] As the Democratic nominee, he faced Republican Richard A. Jones in the general election and won narrowly, 52–48%.[26][27]
For his first term, Frank represented a district in the western and southern suburbs of Boston, anchored by Brookline and his hometown of Newton. However, in 1982, redistricting forced him to run against Republican Margaret Heckler, who represented a district centered on the South Coast, including Fall River and New Bedford. Although the newly configured district retained Frank's district number—the 4th—it was geographically more Heckler's district. Frank focused on Heckler's initial support for President Ronald Reagan's tax cuts, and won with 60% of the vote.[28]
Frank did not face another serious race again for a quarter-century.[29][30] From 1984 to 2008, he won re-election 12 times with at least 67% of the vote.[31] In 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, Frank won with more than an overwhelming 97% of the vote, with no challenge from a major political party.
In 2010, Frank ran for his 16th term. Public opinion polling showed him facing his first credible challenge since defeating Heckler in 1982. His opponent was Republican
On November 28, 2011, Frank announced at a news conference that he would not seek re-election in 2012.
Tenure
Scandal
In 1985, Frank was still publicly closeted. That year he hired Steve Gobie, a male prostitute, for sex, and they became "more friends than sexual partners."[38] Frank housed Gobie and hired him with personal funds as an aide, housekeeper and driver and paid for his attorney and court-ordered psychiatrist.[38]
In 1987, Frank evicted Gobie after being advised by his landlord that Gobie kept escorting despite the support and was doing so in the residence.
Amid calls for an investigation, Frank asked the
The attempts to
In 2003, a documentary film about Barney Frank entitled Let's Get Frank was released. The documentary recounted Barney Frank's struggle coming out in public and political life as a prominent gay man, the height of which was his reprimand following the Gobie scandal, and documented Frank's dedicated defense of U.S. President Bill Clinton during his impeachment trial in January and February 1999.[49][50][51][52]
Public image
Frank is known for his quick wit and rapid-fire speaking style.[53] In one quip, he said he was unable to complete his review of the Starr Report detailing President Bill Clinton's relationship with Monica Lewinsky, complaining that it was "too much reading about heterosexual sex".[54] In 2004 and again in 2006, a survey of Capitol Hill staffers published in Washingtonian gave Frank the title of the "brainiest", "funniest", and "most eloquent" member of the House.[55] In 2008, the same survey named him "brainiest", and runner up for "workhorse", and "most eloquent";[56] in 2010, he was named "brainiest", "workhorse", and "funniest".[57] He is also widely considered to have been, during his tenure, one of the most powerful members of Congress.[58][59][60] Democratic speech writer Josh Gottheimer, in his book Ripples of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches, describes Frank as "one of the brightest and most energetic defenders of civil rights issues."[61]
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Frank was criticized by
In 2009 Frank responded to what he called "wholly inaccurate efforts by Republicans to blame Democrats, and [me] in particular" for the
Subprime mortgage crisis
As former chairman of the
Frank has been involved in mortgage foreclosure bailout issues.
During the subprime mortgage crisis, Frank was characterized as "a key deal-maker, an unlikely bridge between his party's left-wing base and ... free market conservatives" in the Bush administration.[74][75] Hank Paulson, the U.S. Treasury Secretary for the Bush administration, said he enjoyed Frank's penchant for brokering deals, "he is looking to get things done and make a difference, he focuses on areas of agreement and tries to build on those."[74]
The New York Times noted that the Federal Housing Administration's crucial role in the nation's housing market, providing low-down-payment mortgages during the crisis of 2007–2010 when no mortgages would otherwise have been available, "helped avert full-scale disaster" by helping people purchase or refinance homes and thereby putting a floor under falling home prices. However, due to the tighter flow of credit from the banks, total FHA loans in 2009 were four times that of 2006, raising concern that year that if the economy were to dip back into recession, more Fed funds could be required to keep those loans afloat. Frank's response was that the additional defaults—2.2% more of the total portfolio in 2009 than the year before—were worth the economic stabilization of the broader policy, noting "It was an effort to keep prices from falling too fast." In that context, he opined, "I don't think it's a bad thing that the bad loans occurred." In fact, the unprecedented number of loans made since 2008 were noted to be performing far better than those in the prior two years.[76]
Political positions and votes
Abortion
In 2009 Frank had a 100% rating from
Civil rights
In 1987, Frank was the Chair of the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations in the
In 2006, Frank was one of three Representatives to oppose the
In 2007, Frank co-sponsored the "Partnership Benefits and Obligations Act" (S.2521/H.R.4838) to "provide benefits to
Frank has been outspoken on many
In 2006, Frank and incoming
In February 2009, Frank was one of three openly gay members of Congress, along with Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin and Jared Polis of Colorado. In April 2009, Frank was named in the LGBT magazine Out's "Annual Power 50 List", landing at the top spot.[58]
In 2006 the
Crime
In 2000, Frank was rated at 89% by
Drugs
In 2001, Frank authored the States' Rights to Medical Marijuana Act (H.R. 2592), an attempt to stop the federal government from preempting
In 2009 Frank signed the "Community AIDS and Hepatitis Prevention Act" (HR 179 2009-H179) to "use Federal funds for
Economic issues
Frank was a member of the Congressional Internet Caucus established in 1996 to "promoting growth and advancement of the Internet and advance the United States' world leadership in the digital world".[99] In 2001, he co-sponsored the "Anti-Spamming Act" (01-HR718) to protect people and businesses from "unsolicited and unwanted electronic mail".[99] In 2006, Frank voted for the "Communications, Opportunity, Promotion, and Enhancement Act" (Bill HR 5252 Amendment 987) to "establish "
Environment
In 1993, Frank co-sponsored "Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments" (H.R.3392) to regulate more contaminants under the
Military
In 1996 Frank co-sponsored the "Federal Law Enforcement Dependents Assistance Act" (H.R.4111. Became Public Law No: 104–238.) "to provide educational assistance to the dependents of Federal law enforcement officials who are killed or disabled in the performance of their duties."
Online gambling
Frank has partnered with
Relations with Israel
Frank has been a determined supporter of the
In August 2009, a confidential memo written by the
Post-House career
In the wake of the
Frank joined the board of directors of the New York-based Signature Bank on June 17, 2015.[115][116]
In 2018, Frank was featured on Sacha Baron Cohen's spoof comedy series Who Is America?, discussing the Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape and the Pizzagate conspiracy theory with Baron Cohen's alter ego Billy Wayne Ruddick Jr. Frank eventually walked out of the interview.
On December 8, 2022, Frank, despite being retired from the U.S. Congress, was present on the floor of the House of Representatives when the Respect for Marriage Act was successfully passed.[1]
Personal life
Frank resides in a studio apartment complex in Newton, Massachusetts. His husband, Jim Ready, is a surfing enthusiast whom Frank met during a gay political fundraiser in Maine.[30][117] On July 7, 2012, Frank married Ready at the Boston Marriott Newton in suburban Boston.[118] Frank's net worth was estimated by OpenSecrets to be between $619,024 and $1,510,000.[119] Frank chose not to participate in the Congressional pension system. He said he did not believe that he would live long enough after retirement to reap benefits over contributions, and that he was convinced that he would remain single and have no beneficiary.[120] His sister, Ann Lewis, served as a senior adviser for the Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign.[121]
Religion
Subsequently, after leaving office, I half jokingly objected when Bill Maher, one of my favorite TV hosts, asked if I felt uncomfortable sitting next to a pot-smoking atheist on the set of his show. I replied that that there were two of us on that stage who fit those categories. The media reached the conclusion that I had come out as an atheist. In fact, I am not an atheist. I don't know enough to have any firm view on the subject, and it has never seemed important to me. I have had a life-long aversion to wrestling with questions that I know I can never answer. My tolerance for intellectual uncertainty is very low.[122]
On August 3, 2013, Frank expressed sympathy with the host's
In May 2014, the American Humanist Association awarded Frank the Humanist of the Year[124] and during his acceptance speech he spoke about his personal beliefs and the complexities of working in government. He talked primarily about the politicized case of Terri Schiavo and the public's evolving view about government intrusion into personal healthcare decisions.[125]
That notion, that there was a religious obligation to intervene in human affairs, angered most of the American people. You’ve got to show people what the implications are of the view that religion should govern our public affairs, as opposed to being merely a personal guide.
Sexuality
According to Stuart Weisberg's 2009 biography Barney Frank: The Story of America's Only Left-Handed, Gay, Jewish Congressman, Frank dated women in an effort to deny his homosexuality. His last romance with a woman was a nearly two-year-long affair with Irish-American Catholic
Frank started coming out as gay to friends before he ran for Congress and came out publicly on May 30, 1987, "prompted in part by increased media interest in his private life" and the death of Stewart McKinney, "a closeted bisexual Republican representative from Connecticut". Frank told The Washington Post after McKinney's death that there was "An unfortunate debate about 'Was he or wasn't he? Didn't he or did he?' I said to myself, I don't want that to happen to me."[128][129][130][note 1] Frank's announcement had little impact on his electoral prospects.[129] Shortly after coming out, Frank met and began dating Herb Moses, an economist and LGBT activist; their relationship lasted for eleven years until an amicable break-up in July 1998.[129][131][132] Moses, who was an executive at Fannie Mae from 1991 to 1998, was the first partner of an openly gay member of Congress to receive spousal benefits and the two were considered "Washington's most powerful and influential gay couple".[131]
Electoral history
Bibliography
- Financing Foreign Aid: A Case Study in the Budgetary Process (1962)
- Budget for a Strong America (1989)
- Speaking Frankly: What's Wrong with the Democrats and How to Fix It (1992)
- Improper Bostonians: Lesbian and Gay History from the Puritans to Playland (Foreword by Barney Frank) (2000)
- "American Immigration Law: A Case Study in the Effective Use of the Political Process" in J. D’Emilio (Ed.), Creating Change: Sexuality, Public Policy, and Civil Rights (pp 208-235). St. Martin's Press (2000)
- Positively Gay: New Approaches to Gay and Lesbian Life (Foreword by Barney Frank) (2001)
- "Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or HR 4173 (with 111th Congress and Christopher J. Dodd)" (2010)
- Crossing the Barriers: The Autobiography of Allan H. Spear (Foreword by Barney Frank) (2010)
- On the Brink: Inside the Race to Stop the Collapse of the Global Financial System (Foreword by Barney Frank) (2011)
- Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin (Afterword by Barney Frank)" (2014)
- Frank: A Life in Politics from the Great Society to Same-Sex Marriage (2015)
- "Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, HR 4173 (with 111th Congress and Christopher J. Dodd)" (2017)
- "The Economic and Political Implications of the Dodd-Frank Act" in S. O’Halloran & T. Groll (Eds.), After the Crash: Financial Crises and Regulatory Responses (pp 261-280). Columbia University Press (2019)
Filmography
- Let's Get Frank (2003) by Bart Everly (executive produced by Jonathan Van Meter, co-produced by Ruth Rachel Anderson-Avraham), Library of Congress (LOC) Catalog
- Compared to What: The Improbable Journey of Barney Frank (2014) by Sheila Canavan and Michael Chandler, IMDb
See also
- LGBT culture in Boston
- List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
- List of LGBT members of the United States Congress
- List of federal political scandals in the United States
- List of federal political sex scandals in the United States
- List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded
Notes
- pagea decade earlier.
References
- The Biography Channel. Archived from the originalon July 19, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- ^ Peoples, Steve (December 16, 2012). "Liberal icon Frank eyes high-profile retirement". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 17, 2012.
- ^ O'Keefe, Ed (December 3, 2012). "When Barney Frank announced he was 'coming out of the room' (er ... the closet)". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- ^ Kiritsy, Laura (May 31, 2007). "Happy Anniversary, Barney Frank!". Edge Boston. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012.
- ^ "3rd Annual Power 50". Out. April 2009. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- ^ Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant (1987). The Almanac of American Politics 1988. p. 555.
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ignored (help) - ^ Sink, Justin (January 26, 2012). "Barney Frank To Marry Longtime Partner". Thehill.com. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ Goh, Melisa (July 8, 2012). "Barney Frank Gets Married; The Bridegrooms Wore Black". NPR. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
- ^ Taylor, jessica (November 28, 2011). "Barney Frank to retire from Congress". National Journal. Archived from the original on November 30, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ a b Macmillan. "Frank". Macmillan.
- ^ "'Frank: A Life in Politics From the Great Society to Same-Sex Marriage' by Barney Frank - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com.
- ^ a b "Organization of the Legislature Since 1780". Manual for the Use of the General Court. Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2005. p. 338+.
- ^ a b 1973–1974 Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 1973 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b 1977–1978 Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 1977 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b 1979-1980 Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Boston.
- ^ Cusack, Bob (September 7, 2009). "Barney Frank wants Cabinet post". The Hill. Retrieved September 8, 2009.
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- ^ Bruce Watson, Freedom Summer: The Savage Season That Made Mississippi Burn and Made America a Democracy, at 161–162 (Viking 2010).
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- ^ a b c d e Bill Dedman (August 27, 1989). "TV Movie Led to Prostitute's Disclosures". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b Margaret Carlson; Robert Ajemian & Hays Gorey (September 25, 1989). "A Skeleton in Barney's Closet". Time. Archived from the original on October 26, 2006.
- ^ Oreskes, Michael (August 29, 1989). "Rep. Frank Asks For Full Inquiry By Ethics Panel". The New York Times.
- ^ Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, Page 37 -"In numerous instances where an assertion made by Mr. Gobie (either publicly or during his Committee deposition) was investigated for accuracy, the assertion was contradicted by third-party sworn testimony or other evidence of Mr. Gobie himself."
- ^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 271". United States House of Representatives.
- ^ Povich, Elaine S. (July 27, 1990). "Frank Reprimanded for Aiding Prostitute". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois.
- ^ "Barney Frank Calls Larry Craig 'Hypocrite'". Associated Press. August 30, 2007.
- ^ Evans, Rowland; Novak, Robert (October 17, 1989). "What to do about Barney Frank // Congress faces nasty confrontation on handling sexual misconduct". Austin American Statesman. Austin, Texas. p. A.8.
- ^ Outrage (2009), Kirby Dick, writer and director; Amy Ziering, producer; Douglas Blush and Matthew Clarke, editors; Chain Camera Pictures; Magnolia Pictures, distributor.
- ^ O'Hehir, Andrew (May 7, 2009). "Beyond the Multiplex: Behind Washington's closet door". Salon.com.
- ^ Lane, Charles (November 3, 2010). "Sean Bielat, sore loser". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Let's Get Frank", Ken Eisner, Variety (online), Reviews, Los Angeles, 26 October 2004
- Clinton Impeachment Trialthrough Frank's eyes, as Ed Halter did in the Village Voice. This work has since been included in the film canon, and is now considered to be a classic.
- ^ Let's Get Frank (2003) - Library of Congress (LOC)
- ^ Let's Get Frank (2003) - British Film Institute (BFI)
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- ^ "Washingtonian's Best & Worst of Congress". Washingtonian. August 25, 2008.
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- ^ a b "3rd Annual Power 50: 1. Barney Frank". Out. April 2009. Archived from the original on April 10, 2009.
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- ^ "A Way With Words". The New York Times. May 13, 2008. Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
- ISBN 0-465-02752-0.
- ^ Sammon, Bill (October 3, 2008). "Lawmaker Accused of Fannie Mae Conflict of Interest". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
- ^ SEC filing, Fannie Mae, Form 10-K, 2006. Filing archived at Wikinvest Archived 2015-06-30 at the Wayback Machine, unformatted data at the SEC.
- ^ a b c d "Frank Seeks Antidote to Republican Amnesia". Committee on Financial Services. March 12, 2009. Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ a b Caldwell, Christopher (July 22, 2007). "The Antiwar, Anti-Abortion, Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration, Anti-Medicare Candidacy of Dr. Ron Paul". The New York Times. Retrieved August 5, 2007.
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- ^ "Information about the American Housing Rescue & Foreclosure Prevention Act". United States House Committee on Financial Services. Archived from the original on July 8, 2010.
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- ^ "Plastic Card Tricks". The New York Times. March 29, 2008.
- ^ "The Fed Aims at Credit Cards". The New York Times. May 3, 2008.
- ^ "Press release on the Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights". House Financial Services Committee. July 31, 2008. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
- ^ Increase Housing Opportunities for People with Disabilities! Co-Sponsor H.R. 1675: The Frank Melville Supportive Housing Investment Act
- ^ "National Housing Trust Fund". Nhtf.org. Archived from the original on February 28, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ a b Herszenhorn, David M. (May 13, 2008). "A Liberal Wit Builds Bridges to the G.O.P". The New York Times.
- ^ Let's Get Frank (2003) - First Run Features
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- ^ a b c "Barney Frank on Abortion". On the Issues.
- ^ "Barney Frank on Abortion". On the Issues.
- ^ "Intro". NCRR – Nikkei for Civil Rights and Redress.
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- ^ "History of LGBT & Immigration". Out4Immigration. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009.
- ^ Rich, Frank (February 2, 1995). "The New York Times". The New York Times.
- ^ a b "News Release from Barney Frank". United States House of Representatives. March 4, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2008.
- ^ Ireland, Doug (September 23, 2004). "The outing: David Dreier and his straight hypocrisy". LA Weekly.
- ^ "Real Time with Bill Maher: Episode Guide – episode 86". HBO. October 20, 2006. Archived from the original on November 4, 2006.
- ^ a b c d "Barney Frank on Crime". On the Issues.
- ^ Frank, Barney (2002). "Frank Calls for Action on Medical Marijuana Legislation". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on March 29, 2009.
- ^ "The Hinchey-Rohrabacher Amendment (2003–2006)". DrugScience.org. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018.
- ^ "Barney Frank: Let's decriminalize marijuana". NJ.com. 2008.
- ^ "Members Of Congress Introduce First Federal Measure Since 1937 To Legalize The Adult Use Of Marijuana -- Bipartisan Coalition Backs The 'Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2011'". NORML. June 23, 2011. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
- ^ "President Bush, Dems Spar Over Energy; 5.4 Magnitude Quake Rattles Los Angeles; Attacking Obama's 'Celebrity'; Rep. Barney Frank's Marijuana Bill (interview)". CNN Newsroom. July 30, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e "Barney Frank on Drugs". On the Issues.
- ^ a b c d e "Barney Frank on Technology". On the Issues.
- ^ a b c d e "Barney Frank on the Environment". On the Issues.
- ^ a b c d e "Barney Frank on Homeland Security". On the Issues.
- ^ Frank, Barney (February 11, 2009). "Cut the Military Budget". The Nation. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ Vellajo, Stephanie (May 27, 2010). "Frank wants $100b cut from defense spending". The Boston Globe.
- ^ "Making cuts to fix the deficit". Countdown with Keith Olbermann. MSNBC. 2010. Archived from the original on December 9, 2011.
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- ^ "This champion of financial reform just joined a bank's board". Fortune. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
- ^ McLaughlin, Tim (July 13, 2012). "Rep. Barney Frank to marry partner in same-sex ceremony". Reuters. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- ^ McLaughlin, Tim (July 8, 2012). "Congressman Barney Frank weds in same-sex marriage". Reuters Canada. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
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- ^ Frank 2015, p. 218.
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- ISSN 0018-7399. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
- ISBN 9781558497214.
- ^ Van Zulen-Wood, Simon (March 16, 2015). "Q&A with Barney Frank". Boston Magazine. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
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- ^ a b c Pierce, Charles P. (October 2, 2005). "To Be Frank". Globe Magazine.
- ^ Carlos Santoscoy (September 20, 2009). "Barney Frank's 'Left-Handed Gay Jew' No Tell-All". On Top Magazine. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
- ^ a b "DC's Most Influential Gay Couple Calls It Quits". The Tuscaloosa News (Associated Press). July 3, 1998. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
- ^ Claudia Dreifus (February 4, 1996). "And Then There Was Frank". The New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
- ^ "Office of the House Clerk – Electoral Statistics". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on July 25, 2007.
- ^ "Election Results". Federal Election Commission.
Further reading
- Frank, B. (2015). Frank: a life in politics from the Great Society to same-sex marriage. New York: ISBN 9780374280307.
- ISBN 9780803264755.
- Weisberg, S. (2009). Barney Frank: the Story of America's only left-handed, gay, Jewish congressman. Amherst: ISBN 9781558497214.
External links
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Profile at Vote Smart
- Filmography on IMDb (the Internet Movie Database)