Barrow-in-Furness

Coordinates: 54°06′39″N 3°13′34″W / 54.1108°N 3.2261°W / 54.1108; -3.2261
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Barrow, Cumbria" redirects here. For the fell in the Lake District, see Barrow (Lake District).
For other uses, see Barrow-in-Furness (disambiguation).

Barrow-in-Furness
2021 Census)
DemonymBarrovian
OS grid referenceSD198690
• London297 mi (478 km)
Civil parish
  • Barrow
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBARROW-IN-FURNESS
Postcode districtLA13, LA14
Dialling code01229
PoliceCumbria
FireCumbria
AmbulanceNorth West
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Cumbria
54°06′39″N 3°13′34″W / 54.1108°N 3.2261°W / 54.1108; -3.2261

Barrow-in-Furness is a

Carlisle
, and the largest in the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority.

Natives of Barrow, as well as the local dialect, are known as

dissolution in 1537. The iron prospector Henry Schneider arrived in Furness in 1839 and, with other investors, opened the Furness Railway in 1846 to transport iron ore and slate from local mines to the coast. Further hematite deposits were discovered, of sufficient size to develop factories for smelting and exporting steel. For a period in the late 19th century, the Barrow Hematite Steel Company-owned steelworks was the world's largest.[2]

Barrow's location and the availability of steel allowed the town to develop into a significant producer of naval vessels, a shift that was accelerated during World War I and the local yard's specialisation in submarines. The original iron- and steel-making enterprises closed down after World War II, leaving Vickers shipyard as Barrow's main industry and employer. Several Royal Navy flagships, the vast majority of its nuclear submarines as well as numerous other naval vessels, ocean liners and oil tankers have been manufactured at the facility.

The end of the Cold War and subsequent decrease in military spending saw high unemployment in the town through lack of contracts; despite this, the BAE Systems shipyard remains operational as the UK's largest by workforce (12,000 employees in 2024)[3] and is now undergoing a major expansion associated with the Dreadnought-class submarine programme.[4] Furthermore, in 2023 it was announced that a new class of nuclear submarine, associated with the trilateral AUKUS military alliance, will be designed and principally constructed in Barrow.[5]

Today Barrow is also a hub for energy generation and handling. Offshore wind farms form one of the highest concentrations of turbines in the world, including the second largest offshore farm, with multiple operating bases in Barrow.[6]

Toponymy

The name was originally that of an island, Barrai, which can be traced back to 1190. This was later renamed Old Barrow, recorded as Oldebarrey in 1537, and Old Barrow Insula and Barrohead in 1577. The island was then joined to the mainland and the town took its name. The name itself seems to mean "island with promontory", combining British barro- and Old Norse ey, but it is more likely that Scandinavian settlers simply accepted barro- as a meaningless name, and so added an explanatory Old Norse second element.[7]

Nicknames

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Barrow was nicknamed "the English Chicago" because of the sudden and rapid growth in its industry, economic stature and overall size.

cul-de-sac in the country because of its isolated location at the tip of the Furness peninsula.[10]

History

See also: Timeline of Barrow-in-Furness

Early history

Barrow and the surrounding area has been settled non-continuously for several millennia with evidence of

Norse settlement in the early 9th century. Several areas of Barrow including Yarlside and Ormsgill, as well as "Barrow" and "Furness", have names of Old Norse origin. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded the settlements of Hietun, Rosse and Hougenai, which are now the districts of Hawcoat, Roose and Walney
respectively.

Furness Abbey, one of England's most powerful monasteries in the Middle Ages

In the

Grade I listed building and the best-preserved in the town from the 1600s. Even as late as 1843 there were still only 32 dwellings, including two pubs.[16]

19th century

Barrow Steelworks circa. 1877

In 1839

Ulverston and Lancaster Railway, by a group led by John Brogden and opened in 1857. It was promptly purchased by the Furness Railway.[18][19]

The docks built between 1863 and 1881 in the more sheltered channel between the mainland and

Barrow Island replaced the port at Roa Island. The first dock to open was Devonshire Dock in 1867, and Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone
stated his belief that "Barrow would become another Liverpool". The increasing quantities of iron ore mined in Furness were then brought into the centre of Barrow to be transported by sea.

Painting of the Barrow Jute Works in 1875

The investors in the burgeoning mining and railway industries decided that greater profits could be made by smelting the iron ore and converting the resultant pig-iron into steel, and then exporting the finished product. Schneider and

James Ramsden, the railway's general manager, erected blast furnaces at Barrow that by 1876 formed the largest steelworks in the world.[20] Its success was a result of the availability of local iron ore and coal from the Cumberland mines and easy rail and sea transport. The Furness Railway, which counted local aristocrats the 7th Duke of Devonshire and the Duke of Buccleuch as investors, kick-started the Industrial Revolution on the peninsula. The railway brought mined ore to the town, where the steelworks produced large quantities of steel. It was used for shipbuilding, and derived products such as rails were also exported from the newly built docks.[17]

Barrow's population grew rapidly. Population figures for the town itself were not collected until 1871,[21] though sources suggest that Barrow's population was still as low as 700 in 1851.[22] During the first half of the 19th century, Barrow formed part of the parish of Dalton-in-Furness, the population of which shows some of Barrow's early growth from the 1850s:

Population of the Parish of Dalton-in-Furness[21]

Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861
Population 1,954 2,074 2,446 2,697 3,231 4,683 9,152

In 1871 Barrow's population was recorded at 18,584 and in 1881 at 47,259, less than forty years after the railway was built.[21] The majority of migrants originated from elsewhere in Lancashire although significant numbers settled in Barrow from Ireland and Scotland, which represented 11% and 7% of the local population in the 1890s.[23][24] By the turn of the 20th century, the Scottish-born population had increased to form the highest portion anywhere in England. Other notable immigrant groups included Cornish people who represented 80% of the district of Roose's population at the time of the 1881 census. In an attempt to diversify Barrow's economy James Ramsden founded the Barrow and Calcutta Jute Company in 1870 and the Barrow Jute Works was soon constructed alongside the Furness Railway line in Hindpool. The mill employed 2,000 women at its peak and was awarded a gold medal for its produce at the 1878 Paris Exposition Universelle.[25]

Barrow's shipyard circa. 1890

The sheltered strait between Barrow and Walney Island was an ideal location for the shipyard. The first ship to be built, the Jane Roper, was launched in 1852; the first steamship, a 3,000-ton liner named Duke of Devonshire, in 1873. Shipbuilding activity increased, and on 18 February 1871 the Barrow Shipbuilding Company was incorporated. Barrow's relative isolation from the United Kingdom's industrial heartlands meant that the newly formed company included several capabilities that would usually be subcontracted to other establishments. In particular, a large engineering works was constructed including a foundry and pattern shop, a forge, and an engine shop. In addition, the shipyard had a joiners' shop, a boat-building shed and a sailmaking and rigging loft.[26]

During these boom years, Ramsden proposed building a

planned town to accommodate the large workforce which had arrived. There are few planned towns in the United Kingdom, and Barrow is one of the oldest. Its centre contains a grid of well-built terraced houses, with a tree-lined road leading away from a central square. Ramsden later became the first mayor of Barrow,[27] which was given municipal borough status in 1867, and county borough status in 1889.[28] The imposing red sandstone town hall, designed by W.H. Lynn, was built in a neo-gothic style in 1887.[29]
Prior to this, the borough council had met at the railway headquarters: the railway company's control of industry extended to the administration of the town itself.

Furness Line

The Barrow Shipbuilding Company was taken over by the

Sir Edwin Lutyens to design Abbey House as a guest house and residence for its managing director, Commander Craven.[31]

20th century

Abbey House was commissioned by Vickers and designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens
Cornmill Crossing in 1895 (a former goods-depot on the Furness Railway), a retail park now exists on the site

By the 1890s the shipyard was heavily engaged in the construction of warships for the Royal Navy and also for export. The Royal Navy's first submarine,

Holland 1, was built in 1901,[32] and by 1914 the UK had the most advanced submarine fleet in the world, with 94% of it constructed by Vickers. Vickers was also famous for the construction of airships and airship hangars during the early 20th century. Originally constructed in a large shed at Cavendish Dock, production later relocated to Barrow/Walney Island Airport. HMA No. 1, nicknamed the Mayfly is the most notable airship to have been built in Barrow. The first of its kind in the UK it came to an untimely end on 24 September 1911 when it was wrecked by wind during trials. Well-known ships built in Barrow include Mikasa, the Japanese flagship during the 1905 Russo-Japanese War, the liner SS Oriana and the aircraft carriers HMS Invincible and HMAS Melbourne. It should also be noted that there was a significant presence of Vickers' armament division in Barrow with the huge Heavy Engineering Workshop on Michaelson Road supplying ammunition for the British Army and Royal Navy throughout both world wars. World War 1 brought significant temporary migration as workers arrived to work in the munitions factory and shipyard, with the town's population reaching to an estimated peak of around 82,000 during the War.[21] Thousands of local men fought abroad during World War I, 616 were ultimately killed in action.[33]

During World War II, Barrow was a target for the German air force looking to disable the town's shipbuilding capabilities (see Barrow Blitz).[34] The town suffered the most in a short period between April and May 1941. During the war, a local housewife, Nella Last, was selected to write a diary of her experiences on the home front for the Mass-Observation project. Her memoirs were later adapted for television as Housewife, 49 starring Victoria Wood. The difficulty in targeting bombs meant that the shipyards and steelworks were often missed, at the expense of the residential areas. Ultimately, 83 people were killed and 11,000 houses in the area were left damaged. To escape the heaviest bombardments, many people in the central areas left the town to sleep in hedgerows, with some being permanently evacuated. Barrow's industry continued to supply the war effort, with Winston Churchill visiting the town on one occasion to launch the aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable.[35] Besides the dozens of civilians killed during World War II, some 268 Barrovian men were also killed whilst in combat.[33]

Barrow-built Mikasa was the Imperial Japanese Navy's flagship during the Russo-Japanese War

Barrow's population reached a second peak in of 77,900 in 1951;

Trident nuclear programme
.

The end of the Cold War in 1991 marked a reduction in the demand for military ships and submarines, and the town continued its decline. The shipyard's dependency on military contracts at the expense of civilian and commercial engineering and shipbuilding meant it was particularly hard hit as government defence spending was reduced dramatically.[39] As a result, the workforce shrank from 14,500 in 1990 to 5,800 in February 1995,[40] with overall unemployment in the town rising over that period from 4.6% to 10%.[4] The rejection by the VSEL management of detailed plans for Barrow's industrial renewal in the mid-to-late 1980s remains controversial.[41] This has led to renewed academic attention in recent years to the possibilities of converting military-industrial production in declining shipbuilding areas to the offshore renewable energy sector.[42]

21st century

In a 2002

Forum 28.[43]

At the conclusion of the inquest into the seven deaths, the coroner for Furness and South Cumbria criticised the council for its health and safety failings.

Barrow Borough Council were cleared of seven charges of manslaughter. Beckingham, the council senior architect was fined £15,000 and the authority £125,000. Following the trials the contractor responsible for maintaining the plant settled a £1.5 million claim by the council for damages.[45] The borough council was the first public body in the country to face corporate manslaughter charges.[46]

2006 saw the construction of

nameplate capacity of 607 MW, providing energy for well over half a million homes. West of Duddon Sands Wind Farm
was commissioned in 2014 while Walney was extended in 2018 to again become the world's largest such offshore facility.

During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Barrow had the highest rate of infection of any local authority in the United Kingdom. This was attributed to various socio-economic factors and a high level of testing also seen in the neighbouring authorities of South Lakeland and Lancaster.[47] Rates fluctuated throughout the year and towards the end of 2020 infection rates were amongst the lowest in country.

From the mid 2010's to present, significant investment has taken place at BAE Systems' shipyard in Barrow with an expansion to accommodate the new Dreadnought-class programme. Further to this, commitments associated with the AUKUS submarine programme will safeguard the shipyard's long-term future. Significant investment in renewable energy is also taking place with emerging proposals to repurpose Rampside Gas Terminals to facilitate the storage of carbon in the depleted Morecambe gas fields.

In 2023 media reported that Barrow was "torn apart" by false grooming gang allegations, with public demonstrations targeting the local newspaper, the Asian community and police.[48][49] The scandal was the subject of the 2024 BBC documentary Liar: The Fake Grooming Scandal and the perpetrator Eleanor Williams was duly convicted and sentenced to eight and a half years in prison. [50]

Governance

Barrow's Grade II* listed town hall viewed from Schneider Square

Barrow is the largest town in the district of

Lonsdale 'north of the sands' in the historic county boundaries of Lancashire.[52]

1974 reorganisation

From the 1974 local government reforms until 2023, the town was within the administrative county of

Sir James Ramsden in 1867 and continuing through to incumbent 2022 mayor Helen Wall.[55]

Council/ Electoral wards of Barrow-in-Furness (up to April 2023)

Barrow Island | Central | Hawcoat | Hindpool | Newbarns | Ormsgill | Parkside | Risedale | Roosecote | Walney North | Walney South

2023 reorganisation

On 1 April 2023, both Barrow Borough Council and Cumbria County Council ceased to exist when the districts of Barrow, Eden and South Lakeland merged to form Westmorland and Furness. A civil parish was formed named just "Barrow" from the unparished area.[56][57][58]

At the same time, ward boundaries within Barrow were redrawn, combining previously independent wards. These include: 'Old Barrow' (comprising the existing Barrow Island, Central and Hindpool wards), Hawcoat and Newbarns, Ormsgill and Parkside, Risedale and Roosecote and Walney Island.

Members of Parliament

The Barrow-in-Furness

John Woodcock was the MP for the constituency between the 2010 and 2019 general election, when Conservative Simon Fell
succeeded as MP for the Borough.

Geography

Barrow is situated at the tip of the

glacial till, while Walney is almost entirely made up of reworked glacial morraine.[60][61] Beneath these soils is a sandstone bedrock, from which many of the town's older buildings are constructed.[61]

Barrow town centre is located to the north-east of the docks, with suburbs also extending to the north and east, as well as onto Walney. Barrow is the only major urban area in South Cumbria, with the nearest settlements of a similar size being

Askam-in-Furness, Ulverston, Millom, Grange-over-Sands, Kendal and Windermere
.

  • Map of Barrow
    Map of Barrow
  • Aerial view of Barrow and Walney Island
    Aerial view of Barrow and Walney Island
  • Barrow within North West England (top left)
    Barrow within North West England (top left)

Islands

Main article: Islands of Furness

Most of the town is sheltered from the Irish Sea by

Scots, Sheep Island, Roa Island and Foulney Island
.

Parks and open spaces

There are numerous natural and managed public parks and open spaces within Barrow. Walney North and South Nature Reserves are protected as Sites of Special Scientific Interest, as is Sandscale Haws. Formal woodland areas within the town include Hawcoat/Ormsgill Quarry, How Tun Woods, Abbotswood, Barrow Steel Works & Slag Bank and Sowerby Wood. The 45-Acre Barrow Park is the largest and most centrally located man-made park in the town with smaller parks including Channelside Haven, Hindpool Urban Park and Vickerstown Park. There are also 25 council-owned playgrounds and 15 allotments.

Demography

Population

The

net migration although is based on historic trends thus does not take account of investment at BAE Systems and associated substantial job creation.[64]
The population within the town of Barrow itself was 55,489 as at 2021.

Ethnicity and language

The 2021 census states 95.7% of Barrow's population as

all other ethnic groups represented 0.2% of the population. The first people to settle in what is now Barrow were the Celts and Scandinavians followed by the Cornish. Most Barrovians however are descended from migrants from Scotland, Ireland
and other parts of England who arrived from the late 19th century onwards.

Barrow's Chinese connections were the subject of a documentary on Chinese state television in 2014.[66] The programme covered diplomat Li Hongzhang's fact finding mission to the town's steelworks and shipyard in 1896 as well as the 2012 discovery of a hoard of Chinese coins discovered in Barrow dated around a similar time that have been suggested as having been brought over by sailors or labourers.[66] The Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding is a charity with a branch based in Barrow that aims to develop relations with the British Chinese community and the general British population. It was established in 1975 and publishes the quarterly China Eye magazine.

In 2021 93.0% of the borough's population was born in England, 2.3% in Scotland, 0.5% in Wales and 0.4% in Northern Ireland. 3.8% of the town's 2021 population were born elsewhere in the world. The five most common foreign countries of birth were the Philippines, India, Nigeria, Germany and Poland.[67]

According to the 2021 census, 98.4% of Barrovians spoke English as a main language, with Tagalog, the various Chinese dialects and Polish prevailing as the second, third and fourth most common main languages (0.3%, 0.2% and 0.2% of the population respectively). The Tagalog-speaking population represents the second highest of any district in northern England by percentage of the population.[68]

Religion

See also: List of places of worship in Barrow-in-Furness
St James' Church, the largest place of worship in Barrow

In the 2021 census 53.1% of Barrow's population stated themselves as being Christian. People stating no religion or chose not to state totalled 45.5% combined. Other religious groups represented 1.4% of the population, with

Kadampa Buddhist centre in the west, is home to around 100 Buddhists and is located off the Barrow to Ulverston Coast Road within the South Lakeland district.[70] Historically Barrow was home to a notable Ashkenazi Jewish community that peaked in size during the 1930s with a synagogue in the town. Nonetheless, it closed in 1974 and less than 20 Jews were recorded by the 2021 census.[71]

Economy

An Astute-class submarine under-construction inside Devonshire Dock Hall in 2013

Historically Barrow's economy was dominated by the manufacturing sector, with the Barrow Hematite Steel Company and Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering being amongst the most important global companies in their respective fields during the 20th century. In the present day, manufacturing remains the largest employment sector in the town. BAE Systems is the single largest employer with around 12,000 employees as at 2024, anticipated to increase by a further 5,000.[72] However, like most of the UK, employment trends have greatly diversified since the 20th century and there are no other predominant employment sectors in Barrow.

Shipyard and port

Barrow has played a vital role in global ship and submarine construction for around 150 years. Ottoman submarine Abdül Hamid was built in the town in 1886 and became the first submarine in the world to fire a live torpedo underwater, while oil tanker British Admiral became the first British vessel to exceed 100,000 tonnes when launched in 1965. The vast majority of all current and former Royal Navy submarines were constructed in Barrow as well as numerous Royal Navy Fleet Flagships.

HMS Invincible pictured in Florida in 2004 is one of the most famous ships to have been built in Barrow

The

BAE Systems Maritime – Submarines shipyard at Barrow is the largest in the UK by workforce ahead of BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships in Govan. It was expanded in 1986 by construction of a new covered assembly facility, the Devonshire Dock Hall (DDH), completed by Alfred McAlpine, on land that was created by infilling part of the Devonshire Dock with 2.4 million tonnes of sand pumped from nearby Roosecote Sands.[73] DDH is the tallest building in Cumbria at 51 m. With a length of 268 m (879 ft), width of 51 m (167 ft) and an area of 25,000 square metres (270,000 sq ft) it is one of the largest shipbuilding construction complex of its kind in Europe.[74]

The DDH provides a controlled environment for ship and submarine assembly, and avoids the difficulties caused by building on the slope of traditional slipways. Outside the hall, a 24,300 tonne capacity shiplift allows completed vessels to be lowered into the water independently of the tide. Vessels can also be lifted out of the water and transferred to the hall.

new class of ballistic missile submarines. BAE Systems also has orders for submarine pressure domes for the Spanish Navy.[77]

The shipyard has been awarded contracts for the construction of submarines which will carry nuclear missiles in a

Trident system.[78] BAE Systems is investing £300 million in Barrow's shipyard to construct buildings capable of manufacturing and assembling the new class of submarines. This major development is the largest in 25 years at the shipyard and will see thousands of new jobs created, further cementing its place as the UK's largest shipyard and one of the few to have seen continuous contracts since founding over a century ago.[78]

In 2023 the governments of the United Kingdom, United States and Australia committed to construction of a new class of nuclear submarine as part of the AUKUS military alliance. The submarines will be designed and predominantly constructed in Barrow securing the shipyards long term future even beyond Vanguard. Submarines to be constructed in Australia will also be based on design principles established in Barrow.

Barrow Offshore Wind Farm

The most recent surface vessels to be constructed in Barrow were Wave-class tanker RFA Wave Knight and Albion-class amphibious assault ships HMS Albion and HMS Bulwark in the early 2000s when the shipyard was part of BAE Systems Marine division. It also undertook fitting out and commissioning of helicopter carrier HMS Ocean in the mid-1990s after the ship was built by Kvaerner Govan in Glasgow.

BNFL's nearby Sellafield plant.[79]

James Fisher & Sons, a service provider in all sectors of the marine industry and a specialist supplier of engineering services to the nuclear industry in the UK and abroad,[80] was founded in Barrow in 1847.[81] It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is the largest company to have its headquarters in Cumbria.[82] Annual revenue stood at £307 million in 2012 (up 15% from £268 million in 2011), as well as staff numbers standing at over 1,500 worldwide, with 120 of those in the Barrow headquarters.[82][83] Numerous vessels are registered at the Port of Barrow, with the majority being owned by James Fisher & Sons and International Nuclear Services/Pacific Nuclear Transport Limited.

Energy generation

West Shore Beach at Earnse Bay with Black Combe visible in the distance

In 1899 Barrow Corporation built and operated the coal-fired Barrow-in-Furness power station in Buccleugh Street adjacent to the railway line. This eventually had a generating capacity of 23 MW; it was decommissioned in 1960.[84]

Roosecote power station was a 120 MW coal-fired generating station commissioned in 1953,[84] it was later converted to gas firing and closed in 1986. A 120 MW combined cycle gas turbine station was commissioned in 1991, it was closed in 2012. From 2018 the site has been the location of 49 MW battery storage facility.[85]

In 1985, gas was discovered in Morecambe Bay, and to this day the products have been processed onshore at

CCGT
power station to supply electricity to the United Kingdom's National Grid. Although originally coal-fired, the station became gas-fired until it was mothballed in 2015.

In 2023 with gas reserves in Morecambe Bay depleting, Spirit Energy revealed plans to utilise the former gas fields as a carbon storage cluster capable of storing a gigaton of carbon dioxide. It is anticipated that carbon emitted from industrial uses across the north will be transported via both pipelines and ships.[87]

Barrow and its wider urban area form part of 'Britain's Energy Coast',

DONG Energy and Scottish Power maintain a wind farm operations base with 30 full-time staff members at the Port of Barrow.[89]

Sellafield and Heysham nuclear power stations are also located within 25 miles (40 km) of Barrow.

Tourism and leisure

South Lakes Safari Zoo on the outskirts of the borough is one of Cumbria's top tourist attractions

Although it is at the end of a peninsula, Barrow is only around 20 minutes from the Lake District,[90] Barrow has been referred to as a "gateway to the lakes" and "where the lakes meets the sea",[91] a status which could be enhanced by the new marina complex and planned cruise ship terminal.[92]

Barrow itself has several tourist attractions that support just over 1,000 jobs; the town saw a higher growth in tourist expenditure during the 2000s than Cumbria as a whole and had about 2.3 million overnight stays during 2008.[93] Barrow's most popular free-entry tourist attraction is the Dock Museum. The museum tells the history of Barrow (including the steelworks industry, the shipyard and the Barrow Blitz), as well as offering gallery space to local artists and schoolchildren. It is built upon and around an old graving dock.[94] Walney Island has two world-renowned nature reserves (the 130 hectare (0.5 sq mi) South Walney Nature Reserve[95] and the 650 hectare (2.5 sq mi) North Walney Nature Reserve).[96] Both nature reserves have Site of Special Scientific Interest designation, as do the Duddon Estuary and Sandscale Haws to the north of the borough. Barrow has a number of beaches which are popular in the summer with sunbathers, kitesurfers and caravanners. They include Earnse Bay, Biggar Bank, Roanhead and Rampside. The first two of these provide views of the Isle of Man and Anglesey on exceptionally clear days. The wider borough has more than 60 km of coastline.[97] The Park Leisure Centre is a fitness suite with a pool, set in the 45-acre (18 ha) Barrow Park.[98] The historic ruins of Furness Abbey and Piel Castle, which are both managed by English Heritage, are also popular tourist destinations. South Lakes Safari Zoo is one of Europe's leading conservation zoos and has been voted Cumbria's best tourist attraction in five non-consecutive years although it has a checkered history; it lies within the borough of Barrow-in-Furness on the outskirts of Dalton. The zoo underwent a multi-million pound expansion during the mid-2010s. It now holds thousands of animals and covers an area of 51 acres (21 ha) making it one of the Northern England's largest such parks.[99]

Piel Island and castle are a popular attraction in Barrow

The town centre is home to a large indoor market[100][101] and Portland Walk Shopping Centre, the latter previously hosting a number of major national retailers although many have since vacated.[102] Barrow has many retail and leisure parks for a town of its size, including Cornmill Crossing, Cornerhouse Retail Park, Hollywood Park, Hindpool Retail Park and Walney Road Retail Park.[103][104] Between them they host a number of supermarkets, electrical, home furnishing, clothing and discount stores, gyms, restaurants and Cumbria's largest cinema. Other modern visitor attractions in Barrow include Lazer Zone in Hindpool Road's former Custom House and a similar Lazer Quest, escape room and play centre in the former Hitchens building on Buccleuch Street.

Regeneration and redevelopment

The Central Yard Facility, photographed in September 2018, is at the centre of BAE Systems' £300 million redevelopment
Duke of Edinburgh Hotel and Emlyn Hughes House

Urban regeneration has been ongoing in Barrow since the 1990s.

Wetherspoon).[111]

new generation of UK nuclear submarines.[78][114] Construction will take up to eight years and create thousands of new jobs at the shipyard thereafter.[78] Amongst proposals are an extension to the DDH complex and new buildings in the central yard area off Bridge Road on Barrow Island (a site formerly mooted for a huge construction hall for the construction of Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier sections which the yard failed to win contracts for), these will house pressure hull units ready for shot blasting and painting, and be a place for joining submarine equipment modules.[114] Redevelopment of the 5.8 hectare central yard area was completed in 2018 and is dominated by the Central Yard Complex Facility
which measures 178 m (584 ft) long, 94 m (308 ft) wide and 41 m (135 ft) tall, only 10% smaller than the volume of the pre-expansion Devonshire Dock Hall.

Other large-scale developments associated with BAE include a 30,000 m2 (320,000 sq ft) logistics centre which was constructed in the Waterfront Business Park in 2015 and a 8,100 m2 (87,000 sq ft) central training facility which is proposed at Buccleuch Dock Road.

Other

Other major employers include the

Barrow Borough Council. Amongst many retailers that have established themselves in Barrow, the furniture store Stollers
is noted as being one of the largest shops of its kind in the UK.

Employment

Craven House is headquarters of James Fisher & Sons, the only Barrow company on the London Stock Exchange
Tesco is a significant employer, with several outlets across Barrow

According to the 2011 census, 78.2% of males aged 16–64 and females aged 16–59 in Barrow were economically active. This figure is higher than the North West and England averages.[117] 73.8% of the population was employed, which again is higher than regional and national averages; the unemployment rate stood at 5.6% which is lower than both averages.[117] Despite this the percentage of people claiming key benefits, which is independent of the unemployment figure, is much higher than both averages at 21.0%, or almost a quarter of all Barrovians of working age.[117] The most common form of benefit received was the Incapacity Benefit, claimed by 11.0% of the adult population, while 4.0% claimed Jobseeker's Allowance, which is on a par with the national average.[117]

The list below shows how many people were employed in certain sectors according to the 2011 census. Little change occurred between the 2001 and 2011 census; Barrow still has a much higher percentage of workers in the manufacturing sector than the national average, ranking third in 2011 behind Corby, Northamptonshire and Pendle, Lancashire.[118][119] The percentage working in manufacturing has increased further during the 2010s given thousands of new roles created at the shipyard in association with the Trident renewal programme.

South West Cumbria has one of the UK's most self-contained workforces, and Barrow itself has the sixth lowest proportion of people who travel outside of the country for work.[120] In 2001, 76% of the working age population in Barrow commuted within 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) for work, when compared to the England average of 54%.[121] A significant proportion of the town's population are employed at the Sellafield nuclear facility.

  • Manufacturing: 6,570 employed (21.0% of the town's working population)
  • Wholesale and retail trade: 4,728 (15.1%)
  • Human health and social work: 4,539 (14.5%)
  • Construction: 2,387 (7.6%)
  • Education: 2,381 (7.6%)
  • Accommodation and food service activities: 1,962 (6.3%)
  • Public administration and defence: 1,913 (6.1%)
  • Transport and storage: 1,296 (4.1%)
  • Administrative and support service: 1,055 (3.4%)
  • Professional, scientific and technical: 1,000 (3.2%)
  • Information and communication: 496 (1.6%)
  • Financial and insurance: 492 (1.6%)
  • Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply: 441 (1.4%)
  • Water supply: 264 (0.8%)
  • Real estate: 221 (0.7%)
  • Mining and quarrying: 165 (0.5%)
  • Agriculture, forestry and fishing: 122 (0.4%)
  • Other: 1,225 (3.9%)

Transport

Road

Walney Bridge (officially Jubilee Bridge) links Barrow Island to Walney Island

Barrow's principal road link is the

West Cumbria.[122] The A5087 connects Barrow's southern suburbs to Ulverston via a scenic coastal route. Abbey Road is the principal road through central Barrow, whilst Walney Bridge connects Barrow Island to Walney Island
.

The possibility of a bridge link over Morecambe Bay is occasionally raised, and feasibility studies have been carried out.[123]

Bus

Bus services within the town are operated by Stagecoach North West. There is no specifically designated bus station, although many bus routes start and end near the town hall. The original bus station, since demolished, was known for its role in a 1970s television commercial for Chewits sweets.[124] As well as local suburban and village services, longer-distance buses run to Ulverston, Millom, Bowness, Windermere and Kendal.

Rail

Barrow-in-Furness railway station viewed from Abbey Road

West Coast Mainline. Numerous daily trains run to Manchester. The station handles over 600,000 passengers annually. Barrow has a second railway station, Roose, which serves the suburb of the same name
.

Furness Abbey, Barrow's third main line station, closed in 1950. There was also a station on Barrow Island, for commuters between the shipyard and nearby towns served by the Furness Railway. This railway link was severed in 1966 when the famous cradle bridge across the docks was closed permanently for safety reasons. There were also stations at Piel, Rabbit Hill, Rampside, Ramsden Dock and Strand.

Between 1885 and 1932, the Barrow-in-Furness Tramways Company operated a double-decker tram service over several miles, primarily around central Barrow, Barrow Island and Hindpool.

Air

ICAO: EGNL) is a former commercial airport and Royal Air Force base currently owned by BAE Systems which operates two Beechcraft King Air
B200 and one B250 aircraft which fly to various destinations across the UK every weekday, including Bristol, Glasgow, London and Manchester. The airport's runways take on a triangular form, the longest runway is almost 4,000 feet (1,200 m). The airport was expanded by BAE in 2018 including the construction of a new terminal building, hangar and control tower.

Manchester Airport is the closest major airport, with direct links to Barrow railway station and about two hours away by road.

In 2018 a heliport was built on a site adjacent to Park Road, Ormsgill for energy firm Ørsted and to support the offshore energy sector.

Sea

Despite being one of the UK's leading shipbuilding centres, the

Isle of Man Steam Packet and the Barrow Steam Navigation Company (a subsidiary of the Furness Railway and later London, Midland and Scottish Railway) operated a number of steamers and passenger ferry services between Rampside and Ramsden Dock and Ardrossan (Scotland), Belfast (Northern Ireland), Blackpool, Douglas (Isle of Man), Fleetwood and Heysham.[125]
All services had ceased operation by the mid-20th century.

For a short period during the early 1880s, transatlantic travel was possible from the town. The Anchor Line operated a fortnightly service utilising three of its steamships, Alexandria, Caledonia and Columbia, between Barrow and New York City via Dublin. There are proposals to construct a cruise ship terminal in Barrow as part of the Waterfront redevelopment project.[126]

Sport

Holker Street, the home of Barrow A.F.C.

Football

Main articles:
Holker Old Boys F.C.

Wembley Stadium, London.[129] Twenty years later, on 8 May 2010, Barrow repeated the feat, beating Stevenage Borough 2–1 after extra time.[130]

After 48 years in non-league football, Barrow were crowned champions of the National League on 17 June 2020, sealing their return to the Football League.

Football players born in Barrow include England internationals Emlyn Hughes[131] and Gary Stevens,[132] as well as Harry Hadley,[133] and Vic Metcalfe.[134] Of current professional footballers, Georgia Stanway of Bayern Munich, Wayne Curtis,[135] Morecambe striker, Bolton Wanderers midfielder George Thomason and Iran Under-20 and Hibernian winger Shana Haji[136] hail from the town.

Holker Old Boys, based at Rakesmoor Lane, are an amateur football team that play in the North West Counties Football League
Division One.

Rugby

Main article: Barrow Raiders
Craven Park
, the home of Barrow Raiders

The town is considered one of

Craven Park, currently operate in the second-tier RFL Championship.[138]

In the 1950s the side played in three

Phil Jackson and Jimmy Lewthwaite.[143]

At an amateur level, eight rugby league teams participate in the Barrow & District League. They include Askam, Barrow Island, Dalton, Hindpool, Millom, Roose Pioneers, Ulverston and Walney.

Golf

Barrow is home to two large golf clubs. Barrow Golf Club, founded in 1922, is in Hawcoat and covers some 6,209 yards (5,678 m) with 18 holes.[144] Furness Golf Club, founded in 1872, is the sixth oldest golf club in England and is possibly the more famous of the two. It is located on Walney Island, just 50 yards (46 m) from the Irish Sea. It also offers an 18-hole course, a shop and other facilities.[145] The Furness Golf Centre is located on the outskirts of Barrow close to Roanhead and is home to a 14-bay driving range, golf shop, swing studio and the Fairway Hotel.[146] The hoaxer Maurice Flitcroft, known as the "world's worst golfer" lived and worked in the town.[147]

Motor sports

Barrow has staged speedway racing at three venues since the pioneer days in the late 1920s. The first track was at Holker Street. This venue had a revival for a short spell in the early to mid-1970s being utilised by the short-lived Barrow Bombers. In 1930 the sport moved to Little Park but this a somewhat hazy venue. The sport had a revival in 1978 at Park Avenue Industrial Estate but this was relatively short lived.

Bike racing

Barrow has produced a number of noteworthy motorcyclists throughout the years, such as Manx Grand Prix winner Eddie Crooks, TT Rider Dan Stewart, Speedway ace Adam Roynon and multiple British Sandtrack Champion John Pepper.

Karting

Kart racer Kristian Brierley[148] received national attention after successfully winning the internationally televised TKM Karting Festival in 2015.[149] He followed this up by winning the opening round of the British Championship in 2016 and ultimately went on to finish the season in 6th place.

Multiple other 'Barrovians' have also competed at national level in karting such as Max Davis, Daniel Pepper,[150] Kieran Pepper, Mark Fell, Oliver Dilks and Jake Calvert.[151]

In 2020 Max Davies became the first person from the Barrow area to be selected to represent Team GB at the ROK World Finals where he finished 29th overall out of 75 competitors from 25 competing countries, he was also the youngest member of Team GB to compete that year.[152]

In 2021 Max Davies was selected for Team GB again as was fellow 'Barrovian' Daniel Pepper after Pepper had finished that years British championship in 2nd with Davies placing in 3rd.

Pepper's 2nd place finish in the 2021 British Championship gave him the highest placed seeding of a Barrow born driver in the 21st century, breaking the record of his own brother Kieran Pepper who had been seeded 3rd the previous year.

Mark Fell remains the only driver from the Barrow area to have won a British Championship which dates back to the early 1990s.

Other sports

Barrow is home to the

American Football club, formed in 2011 the club originally trained at Memorial Fields on Walney Island before establishing training grounds elsewhere in Barrow and Ulverston. The Terriers play in the North West conference of the BAFA's National League alongside the likes of the Manchester Titans and Merseyside Nighthawks
.

One of the town's most notable annual sporting events is the Keswick to Barrow (K2B), a 40-mile (60 km) walking and running event that has taken place every year since 1967 between Keswick and Barrow. The event has raised millions for charity and regularly sees in excess of 3,000 participants.[153]

Barrow Born Orienteer and Fell Runner Carl Hill was selected to carry the olympic torch for a stage through Morecambe in the buildup to the 2012 summer Olympics. He was nominated for this honor by his father David Hill who was proud of his sons accomplishments in running for England and Great Britain in Orienteering whilst also provided a large portion of his time to getting kids into sport.

Culture

Barrow, although one of the country's smallest local authorities, contains a wealth of natural and built heritage assets, which includes 274

Heritage Lottery Fund placed the borough as sixth highest of 325 English districts for 'assets' with especially high scores relating to nationally important landscape and natural heritage assets and industrial heritage assets.[154]

Architecture

See also: Listed buildings in Barrow-in-Furness and List of tallest buildings and structures in Barrow-in-Furness
View of Barrow looking south from the Slag Bank including (left to right) Fells of the Lake District, Thorncliffe Crematorium, Ormsgill, Holker Street, Hindpool, St. James' Church, Piel Castle, the Town Hall, BAE Systems Central Yard Facility and Devonshire Dock Hall, Barrow Police Station, Furness College, Walney Bridge and Walney Channel, Vickerstown, the Irish Sea, Walney and Ormonde Wind Farms and Barrow/Walney Island Airport
View of Barrow looking east across Walney Channel including (left to right) Fells of the Lake District, Slag Bank, Furness College, St. James' Church, the Dock Museum, Devonshire Dock Hall, BAE Systems Central Yard Facility and Walney Bridge
Red brick and terracotta were popular building materials at the turn of the 20th century in Barrow – a style which is imitated to this day

Barrow is one of Britain's few planned towns, and the spacious tree-lined avenues within the oldest parts of the town (including Central Barrow, Hindpool and Salthouse) are more akin to the layout of a much larger city.

St. John's Church, Neo-Elizabethan Abbey House and Tudor Revival Vickerstown
estate.

Barrow has 8

Conservation Areas across Barrow named as such for their architectural or historical significance, they include Barrow Island, Biggar, Central Barrow, Furness Abbey, North Scale, North and South Vickerstown and St. George's Square.[157] Historically Barrow's skyline was dominated by shipyard cranes and industrial chimneys, although little evidence of this remains in the present day with the last hammerhead crane – the iconic yellow crane of Buccleuch Dock – being dismantled in 2011, despite calls for listing status like the smaller Titan Clydebank in Glasgow. The tallest building in Barrow is Devonshire Dock Hall at 51 metres (167 ft). Also worthy of note are the turbines of Ormonde Wind Farm
located just off the coast of Barrow which stand at 152 metres (499 ft).

In terms of housing, the majority of dwellings in Barrow are Victorian terraces. At 47.0% of local housing stock in 2011, the figure is much higher than England's average of 24.5%. 29.7% of dwellings are semi-detached, 12.09% detached and 10.2% flats, maisonettes or apartments.[158] Great variety in housing styles is a feature across central Barrow, Barrow Island, Hindpool, and Vickerstown. Most were built around a grid design in accordance with plans drawn up by James Ramsden.

Arts

Music

Barrow has produced several musical performers of note. They include

Savoy Opera[159] as well as Glenn Cornick, the original bass guitarist in the rock band Jethro Tull.[160] Paul MacKenzie, bass player with 1980s Preston-based thrash metal band Xentrix, is from Barrow.[161] More recently, hip-hop DJ and record producer Aim has had considerable commercial success.[162]

Expressive arts

Several notables in Art and Literature have come from Barrow. Artist Keith Tyson, the 2002 Turner Prize winner, was born in nearby Ulverston, attended the Barrow-in-Furness College of Engineering and worked at the then VSEL shipyard.[163] Constance Spry, the author and florist who revolutionised interior design in the 1930s, and 1940s, moved to the town with her son Anthony during World War I to work as a welfare supervisor.[164] Peter Purves, later a Blue Peter presenter, began his acting career with 2 years as a member of the Renaissance Theatre Company at the town's Her Majesty's Theatre.[165]

During the mid-20th century, Barrow contained a wealth of theatres/cinemas including the Coliseum, Electric Theatre, Essoldo, Her Majesty's Theatre, Hippodrome, Pavilion,

Vue Cinema in Hollywood Park
is the only cinema in the town.

Literature
  • A number of the Lake Poets have referred to locations in present day Barrow: for example, William Wordsworth's 1805 autobiographical poem The Prelude describes his visits to Furness Abbey.
  • The Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa wrote a series of sonnets called "Barrow-on-Furness" (sic). His "heteronym" Álvaro de Campos lived in Barrow when he was studying ship engineering, but Pessoa himself had never visited, and mistakenly assumed that "Furness" was the name of a river.[167]
  • According to narrative exposition in Chapter 5 of Dorothy L. Sayers' 1926 novel Clouds of Witness, Inspector Charles Parker, Lord Peter Wimsey's friend and eventual brother-in-law, attended Barrow-in-Furness Grammar School.
  • Renowned novelist D. H. Lawrence was in Barrow at the outbreak of World War I and wrote about his experiences in the town.
  • The 2015 novel Career of Evil by Robert Galbraith (a pseudonym of J. K. Rowling) was partially set in Barrow.[168]

Media

Portland Walk, one of Barrow's primary retail areas

Newspapers

There is one paid-for evening daily paper, The Mail.

Radio

Barrow and the Furness area is served by local community radio CandoFM. CandoFM broadcasts to the Barrow and Furness area on 106.3FM, Ulverston and surrounding areas on 107.3FM plus globally available online. CandoFM is at 15-17 Duke Street, Barrow-in-Furness and run by 50+ volunteers providing local news, local information as well as an eclectic mix of shows.

Barrow is served by one commercial radio station,

Abbey FM, ceased broadcasting in February 2009 when it went into administration.[169] The BBC's local radio service is BBC Radio Cumbria.[170]

Television

Barrow lies in the ITV Granada – BBC North West region with the main signal coming from the Winter Hill transmitter near Bolton. There is also a relay transmitter at Millom whose signal can be received in the northern end of the town.

Various television personalities were born in the district. Dave Myers was a biker born in Barrow, and found fame as one half of television cookery duo

Steve Dixon is a newsreader for Sky News,[173] while Nigel Kneale was a well-known film and television scriptwriter.[174]

Barrow has a large number of public works of art, including statues of prominent political figures and sporting personalities

Wartime diarist and local housewife

BAFTA awards – one for Best Single Drama, the other for Best Actress (Wood).[175][176]
CITV children's show The Treacle People had two villains named Barrow and Furness.[177]

Dialect and accent

Main article: Barrovian

Furness is unique within Cumbria and the local dialect and accent is fairly

Northern
Barrovian dialect. In general the Barrovian accent tends to drop certain letters (including H and T).

Nightlife

The Crow's Nest on Barrow Island, a typical Victorian era public house

There are many pubs and working men's clubs in Barrow. Barrow has fourteen of the latter, one of the highest number per capita of any British town.[178] There are also many bars and clubs found primarily in Barrow town centre on Duke Street and Cornwallis Street. Popular venues on Duke Street include the following bars: Jefferson's, the Buddha Bar, Bar Cairo and the Drawing Room. They did have a Yates's but the building was deemed unsafe and has since been demolished. Cornwallis Street – often dubbed the "Gaza Strip" by locals – is currently undergoing a multi-million pound renovation with the former Martini's being the flagship renovation into Club M. Other clubs on Cornwallis Street include: Kavanna's, O'Sullivan's and Skint. Between 2004 and 2010 Barrow was home to one of North West England's largest nightclubs, the 2,500-capacity Blue Lagoon occupied the entire hull of the former Danish ferry Princess Selandia, which has now left the town.[179] Barrow's largest nightclub is now Manhattans, which opened on Cavendish Street in late 2011.

Food

A traditional favourite food in Barrow is the pie, and particularly the meat and potato pie.[180] Pie shops are common, and Green's of Jarrow Street is noted as a favourite of Barrow-born celebrity chef Dave Myers[181] and journalist Martin Tarbuck, who declared them to be Britain's best pies in a book dedicated to the subject.[182]

Barrow was also the home of

2004 Morecambe Bay cockling disaster.[186][187] One of England's few remaining Oyster farms is in the Biggar area of Walney. Traditional Cumberland sausages are less associated with Barrow itself than the rest of Cumbria, but are readily available from the surrounding rural area.[188] Cumbria has produced a number of famed dishes and is home to countless Michelin Guide
restaurants, one of which is in Dalton.

Social issues

Lifestyle

The majority of housing within the town is terraced, built for working-class families

Having emerged as mixture of working-class cultures from across Britain and Ireland in the 19th century, subsequent low levels of migration and a continued tradition of industrial employment mean that Barrow's culture still reflects many of the traditions of the British working class.[189] In September 2008, Barrow was named as the most working-class location in the United Kingdom, based on a series of measures devised to judge the lifestyle of the people.[190] The research was carried out by Locallife.co.uk which determined that there is a fish and chip shop, working men's club, bookmakers or trade union office for every 2,917 people (Crewe, Doncaster, Wolverhampton and Preston completed the top five of 'the most working class places in Britain').[191] This is in direct contrast to the 1870s, when a developing Barrow had more aristocrats per head of the population than anywhere else in the country.[190]

In the 2019

Indices of Deprivation, Barrow was ranked as the 44th most deprived district in England (out of a total of 326).[192] The equivalent figures for 2007, 2010 stood at 29th, 32nd and 44th most deprived respectively.[193] The Indices of Deprivation is based on income, employment, education, health, crime and barriers to housing and services and living environment. Within these subcategories, most notably Barrow ranked as the 4th most deprived in terms of health deprivation and disability, and in huge contrast, 316th most deprived in terms of access to housing and services (i.e. 10th least deprived).[192] In the 2019 Indices of Deprivation, seven Lower Super Output Areas across Barrow Island, Central and Hindpool were amongst the 1% most deprived areas in the country, while large parts of suburban Barrow including Newbarns and Roose were amongst the 25% of least deprived areas in England.[193]

Health

Furness General Hospital, the primary hospital for Barrow and South West Cumbria

The principal hospital in Barrow is

University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust and located on the outskirts of the town. As of December 2023 there were 10 NHS GP practices/doctors' surgeries in Barrow.[194] The life expectancy for males in Barrow is 76.6 years (compared to the England average of 78.7) and 80.6 years for females (compared to the national average of 82.8).[195] A 2021 NHS in depth publication on health in Barrow (the former district) indicated that the population of Barrow is by most measures in a worse state than the national average.[195] Indicators such as ratea of cardiovascular disease, self and suicide, alcoholism and excessive weight are worse than the England average. However, a number of indicators are similar to the average or are significantly better, including the percentage of children in absolute low income families.[195]

Crime

Barrow's new main police station (under construction) in June 2015

Policing is by Cumbria Constabulary, which alongside the county of Cumbria was formed in 1974. The Ministry of Defence Police maintain a presence on Barrow Island around the shipyard also. Previously the town was policed by Barrow-in-Furness Borough Police. Barrow previously had one full-time police station in Market Street in the Central ward. A new multi-million pound building was built on James Freel Close on Channelside in Hindpool and is the town's only police station, with extra jail cells and improved facilities. Several consecutive annual publications by Cumbria Constabulary entitled the 'Cumbria Community Safety Strategic Assessment' have stated that overall crime in Barrow is declining, with some indicators far better than the national average.[196] Despite this, crime levels as a whole are higher than the national average: 2013 statistics show crime levels in the borough as the 16th worst in the UK; most notably, Barrow has amongst the worst rates of alcohol misuse in the country.[197] Between July and December 2013 Barrow saw an average of 7.39 crimes per 100 of the population; the UK average was 6.57.[197] Incidents of anti-social behaviour stood at 7.83 per 100 in Barrow, cf 5.02 in the UK.[197] Burglary averaged 0.53 per 100 in 2013 while the national average was 1.00 per 100. Robbery averaged 0.02 in Barrow and 0.07 nationwide, shoplifting 0.72 and 0.53 and vehicle crime at 0.31 and 0.58.[197] Violent crimes and sexual offences occurred at a rate of 1.70 per 100, significantly higher than UK average of 1.06 and ranking the area as the 29th worst out of 348 in the country.[197] Crime rates remain the highest in deprived areas of inner wards such as Central and Hindpool.[196]

Since November 2019 Ministry of Defence Police have been based at the BAE Systems Shipyard.

Education

See also: List of schools in Barrow-in-Furness
The Copper Box building at Furness College's Channelside campus
Furness Academy was established in 2009 and opened a new site in 2013

Education in the state-funded sector includes fifteen

St. Bernard's Catholic High School and Walney School. Chetwynde School is an all-through school for children aged 4 to 18. Formerly a private school, Chetwynde became a state-funded free school
in 2014.

In the further education sector there is one college,

University of Lancaster and the University of Central Lancashire.[199]
In March 2023 plans were approved for a 1,400-capacity campus of the University of Cumbria on Barrow Island which is expected to be open for Autumn 2024. The university campus would be situated adjacent to BAE's Submarine Academy and form a new 'Learning Quarter' for the town.

The town's main library is the

Walney, Roose and Barrow Island. Known librarian Michael Wilson originates in Barrow-in-Furness. Michael Wilson is currently leader of the Collection Logistics Alpha Team at Cambridge University Library.[200]

See also

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External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Barrow-in-Furness".


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