Barsbay
Barsbay | |
---|---|
Al-Aziz Jamal ad-Din Yusuf | |
Born | c. 1369 |
Died | 7 June 1438 (aged c. 69) |
Spouse |
|
Al-Aziz Jamal ad-Din Yusuf |
Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy (
Early career
A former slave of the inaugural Burjite sultan, Barquq, Barsbay hailed from Circassian descent. On May 2, 1418, he was designated as the governor of Tripoli. He later assumed the role of tutor to Muhammad, the son of Sultan Tatar, who was just ten years old upon ascending to the throne.[1] Afterward, conflict broke out among three groups of emirs, one supporting the Sultan's Mamluks, while emirs Barsbay and Tarabay opposed him. Barsbay and Taribay swiftly gained control, with Barsbay becoming regent and Taribay the military commander-in-chief.[2]
Despite quelling a revolt by the Viceroy of Aleppo and imprisoning several emirs,[3] tension between Barsbay and Taribay escalated, resulting in Barsbay's victory.[4] Taribay was captured and imprisoned in Alexandria, allowing Barsbay to pursue the throne.[5] With backing from the Viceroy of Damascus and other emirs, Barsbay deposed Sultan Muhammad just two days later, on April 1, 1422.[6]
Reign
Barsbay's 16-year reign was a relatively long reign by the standards of the
He was responsible for a number of administrative reforms in the Mamluk state, including the consolidation of the sultanate as a military magistrature and securing for Egypt exclusive rights over the
The 15th century saw an international economic recession.[clarification needed] During this time, Barsbay knew the importance of trade for Egypt and acted to strengthen Egyptian rule in the Hejaz and Yemen while securing Egyptian trade in the Mediterranean Sea. He reduced customs duties to attract merchants until Egypt became a monopoly of most trade in the East, angering some European powers at the time. He gained the title of the "Merchant Sultan" (السلطان التاجر).[10]
In 1424–26, he
In 1430, Egypt was severely struck by famine and plague.
Barsbay had good ties with other Muslim rulers of his time, namely
The revenues from this military victory and these trade policies may have helped him finance his construction projects, and he is known for at least three extant and notable monuments. He built a
Family
Barsbay's first wife was Khawand Fatima, the daughter Qajqar al-Qardami. She was the mother of his son Muhammad. She died on 15 May 1424.
See also
- Al-Ashraf Mosque
- Mamluk campaigns of Cyprus
References
- ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 246.
- ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 221.
- ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 222–226.
- ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 227–230.
- ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 230–231.
- ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 232–233.
- ^ a b Williams, Caroline (2018). Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide (7th ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. pp. 225–226.
- ^ Garcin, 293-94.
- ^ a b Doris Behren-Abouseif (2007). Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of its Architecture and its Culture. I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd.
- ^ Shalaby, Ahmad (2009). موسوعة التاريخ الإسلامي. دار أسامة. pp. 112, 113.
- ^ O'Kane, Bernard (2016). The Mosques of Egypt. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. pp. 66–70.
- OL 30677644M. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
- ^ Abdul Karim (1960). Corpus of the Muslim Coins of Bengal: (down to A. D. 1538). Asiatic Society of Pakistan.
- ^ Al-Sakhawi. Al-Daw' al-Lāmi' li-Ahl al-Qarn al-Tāsi' (in Arabic).
- ^ ʻAbdallāh Muḥammad Ibn-ʻUmar al-Makkī al-Āṣafī al-Ulughkhānī Hajjī ad-Dabir. Zafar ul wālih bi Muzaffar wa ālihi (in Arabic).
- ^ Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (16 May 2014). Practising Diplomacy in the Mamluk Sultanate: Gifts and Material Culture in the Medieval Islamic World. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 9, 29, 46.
- ^ "Barsbay". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Vol. 1. New York City: Oxford University Press. 2009.
- ^ ISSN 1307-9581.
- S2CID 228994024.
- ^ a b Karam, Amina (2019-05-22). "Women, Architecture and Representation in Mamluk Cairo". AUC DAR Home. p. 86. Archived from the original on 2021-12-18. Retrieved 2021-12-18.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-34505-8.
- ^ Taghrībirdī, A.M.Y.I.; Popper, W. (1957). History of Egypt, 1382-1469 A.D. University of California Press. p. 157.
- ISBN 978-0-300-15746-8.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-404-58800-7.
- S2CID 234429319. Retrieved 2021-11-27.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-647-54009-2.
- ^ Belleten, Volume 17, Issues 65-68. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. 1953. pp. 524–25.
- ISBN 978-9-004-10180-7.
Sources
- D. Behrens-Abouseif, Islamic architecture in Cairo: an introduction (Leiden, 1989).
- J.-C. Garcin, "The regime of the Circassian Mamluks," in C. Petry, ed., The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume I: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517 (Cambridge, 1998), 290-317.
- Muir, W. (1896). The Mameluke; or, Slave dynasty of Egypt, 1260-1517, A. D. Smith, Elder. pp. 137−148.
- Ibn Taghribirdi (1929). Al-Nujūm al-Zāhirah fī Mulūk Miṣr wa-al-Qāhirah (in Arabic). Vol. 14. Egyptian Dar al-Kutub Press in Cairo.
Further reading
- Fernandes, Leonor (2013). "Barsbāy, al-Malik al-Ashraf". In Fleet, Kate; ISSN 1873-9830.