Bas van Fraassen

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Bas van Fraassen
Born (1941-04-05) 5 April 1941 (age 82)
reflection principle
)

Bastiaan Cornelis van Fraassen (

.

Biography and career

Van Fraassen was born in the German-occupied Netherlands on 5 April 1941. His father, a steam fitter, was forced by the Nazis to work in a factory in Hamburg. After the war, the family reunited and, in 1956, emigrated to Edmonton, in western Canada.[6]

Van Fraassen earned his

the role of modeling in scientific practice.[8][9]

Van Fraassen is an adult convert to the

Roman Catholic Church[10] and is one of the founders of the Kira Institute. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; an overseas member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1995;[11] and a member of the International Academy of Philosophy of Science.[12] In 1986, van Fraassen received the Lakatos Award for his contributions to the philosophy of science and, in 2012, the Philosophy of Science Association's inaugural Hempel Award for lifetime achievement in philosophy of science.[13]

Among his many students are the philosophers

UCLA
.

Philosophical work

Philosophy of science

Van Fraassen coined the term "

logical positivists in rejecting metaphysical commitments in science, but parts with them regarding their endorsement of the verificationist criterion of meaning, as well as their endorsement of the suggestion that theory-laden discourse can and should be removed from science. Before van Fraassen's The Scientific Image, some philosophers had viewed scientific anti-realism as dead, because logical positivism was dead. Van Fraassen showed that there were other ways to be an empiricist with respect to science, without following in the footsteps of the logical positivists.[14]

Paul M. Churchland, one of van Fraassen's critics, contrasted van Fraassen's idea of unobservable phenomena with the idea of merely unobserved phenomena.[15]

In his 1989 book Laws and Symmetry, van Fraassen attempted to lay the ground-work for explaining physical

.

Philosophical logic

Van Fraassen has been the editor of the Journal of Philosophical Logic and co-editor of the Journal of Symbolic Logic.[7]

In logic, Van Frassen is best known for his work on

non-referring names
.

Instead of any unique formalization, though, he simply adjusts the axioms of a standard predicate logic such as that found in Willard Van Orman Quine's Methods of Logic. Instead of an axiom like he uses ; this will naturally be true if the existential claim of the antecedent is false. If a name fails to refer, then an atomic sentence containing it, that is not an identity statement, can be assigned a truth value arbitrarily. Free logic is proved to be complete under this interpretation.

He indicates that, however, he sees no good reason to call statements which employ them either true or false. Some have attempted to solve this problem by means of

supervaluations
. Questions of completeness change when supervaluations are admitted, since they allow for valid arguments that do not correspond to logically true conditionals.

His paper "Facts and tautological entailment" (J Phil 1969) is now regarded as the beginning of truth-maker semantics.

Bayesian epistemology

In Bayesian epistemology, van Fraassen proposed what is now known as van Fraassen's reflection principle: "to satisfy the principle, the agent's present subjective probability for proposition A, on the supposition that his subjective probability for this proposition will equal r at some later time, must equal this same number r".[18][19][20]

Books

  • Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective, OUP, 2008.
  • The Empirical Stance, Yale University Press, 2002.
  • Quantum Mechanics: An Empiricist View, Oxford University Press, 1991.
  • Laws and Symmetry, Oxford University Press 1989.
  • The Scientific Image, Oxford University Press 1980.
  • Derivation and Counterexample: An Introduction to Philosophical Logic (with Karel Lambert), Dickenson Publishing Company, Inc. 1972.
  • Formal Semantics and Logic, Macmillan, New York 1971.
  • An Introduction to the Philosophy of Time and Space, Random House, New York 1970.

See also

References

  1. ^ Scientific Realism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
  2. JSTOR 20127042
    .
  3. ^ David Marshall Miller, Representing Space in the Scientific Revolution, Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 4 n. 2.
  4. ^ Free Logic (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
  5. ^ Sandy Boucher, "Stances and Epistemology: Values, Pragmatics, and Rationality", Metaphilosophy 49(4), July 2018, pp. 521–547.
  6. ^ Why Science Should Stay Clear of Metaphysics, Nautilus
  7. ^ a b Bas C. van Fraassen, Curriculum Vitae
  8. ^ SF State News at SFSU
  9. ^ SF State Campus Memo: New tenure-track faculty 2008-09
  10. ^ New Blackfriars Vol. 80, No. 938, 1999.
  11. ^ "B.C. van Fraassen". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  12. ^ LES MEMBRES ACTUELS DE L'A.I.P.S. Archived 2013-09-19 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Hempel Award recipients
  14. ^
    ISSN 1095-5054
    . Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  15. .
  16. ^ B. C. van Fraassen, "Singular Terms, Truth-value Gaps, and Free Logic", The Journal of Philosophy 63(17), September 1966:481–495.
  17. ^ B. C. van Fraassen, "Belief and the Will", The Journal of Philosophy 81(5), May 1984:235–256.
  18. ISSN 1095-5054
    . Retrieved 31 May 2018. A. Other principles of synchronic coherence. Are the probability laws the only standards of synchronic coherence for degrees of belief? Van Fraassen has proposed an additional principle (Reflection or Special Reflection), which he now regards as a special case of an even more general principle (General Reflection).
  19. ^ W. J. Talbott, "Two Principles of Bayesian Epistemology", Philosophical Studies 62(2), May 1991, pp. 135–150.

External links