Bashshar ibn Burd

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Bashshar ibn Burd
Native name
بشّار بن برد
Died783
LanguageArabic
GenreMaqama
Literary movementBadi'

Bashshār ibn Burd

Arabic: بشّار بن برد; 714–783), nicknamed al-Mura'ath, meaning "the wattled", was a Persian[3] poet of the late Umayyad and early Abbasid periods who wrote in Arabic. Bashshar was of Persian ethnicity; his grandfather was taken as a captive to Iraq, but his father was a freedman (mawla) of the Uqayl tribe. Some Arab scholars considered Bashshar the first "modern" poet,[4] and one of the pioneers of badi' in Arabic literature
. It is believed that the poet exerted a great influence on the subsequent generation of poets.

Life

Bashshar was born into a family of Persian stock.

Mutazilite
school of Islamic thought.

After the

caliph al-Mahdi. Due to his libertinism, al-Mahdi ordered him not to write further love poetry. Bashshar quickly violated the ban.[4]

Death

Multiple stories of Bashshar's end exist. Ammiel Alcalay in 1993 argued that Bashshar was condemned as a heretic and executed by al-Mahdi in 783.[7] Hugh Kennedy, on the other hand, relates al-Tabari's account that Ya'qub ibn Dawud had Bashshar murdered in the marshes between Basra and Baghdad.[8]

Style

Most of his

sajdah) towards fire (Shaitan like other jinn was created from smokeless fire) in lieu of soil (Adam
's origin).

الارض مظلمة و النار مشرقة
والنار معبودة مذكانت النار

See also

References

  1. ^ Bas̲h̲s̲h̲ār b. Burd at the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed.
  2. Encyclopedia Britannica
  3. ^
    • Lewis, Lambton & Holt 1986, p. 664. "Bashshar, (d. 167/783) a Persian, heralded the advent of 'Abbasid poetry, just as it was another Persian, Ibn al-Muqaffa', who opened the history of 'Abbasid prose."
    • Mallette 2021, p. 21. "Bashshār ibn Burd, ethnic Persian and Arabic poet, presents the secular, literary face of the language."
  4. ^
    ISBN 9780415185714
    .
  5. ^ Mallette 2021, p. 79. "In his book he relates that the Persian-born Bashshār b. Burd (d. 783–784), himself a feared satirist, paid grudgingly his yearly 200 dirhams of poll tax to a Muslim colleague to keep the latter's satire of him under wraps."
  6. ISBN 0306814358
    .
  7. ISBN 0-8166-2155-1
    .
  8. ISBN 0306814358
    .

Sources cited


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