Basigin
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 19: 0.57 – 0.58 Mb | Chr 10: 79.54 – 79.55 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
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Basigin (BSG) also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) or cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BSG gene.[5][6][7] This protein is a determinant for the Ok blood group system. There are three known antigens in the Ok system; the most common being Oka (also called OK1), OK2 and OK3. Basigin has been shown to be an essential receptor on red blood cells for the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.[8] The common isoform of basigin (basigin-2) has two immunoglobulin domains, and the extended form basigin-1 has three.[9]
Function
Basigin is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, with a structure related to the putative primordial form of the family. As members of the immunoglobulin superfamily play fundamental roles in intercellular recognition involved in various immunologic phenomena, differentiation, and development, basigin is thought also to play a role in intercellular recognition (Miyauchi et al., 1991; Kanekura et al., 1991).[10][11]
It has a variety of functions. In addition to its metalloproteinase-inducing ability, basigin also regulates several distinct functions, such as spermatogenesis, expression of the monocarboxylate transporter and the responsiveness of lymphocytes.[6] Basigin is a type I
Interactions
Basigin has been shown to
Basigin has been shown to form a complex with monocarboxylate transporters in the retina of mice. Basigin appears to be required for proper placement of MCTs in the membrane. In the Basigin null mouse, the failure of MCTs to integrate with the membrane may be directly linked to a failure of nutrient transfer in the retinal pigmented epithelium (the lactates transported by MCTs 1, 3, and 4 are essential nutrients for the developing RPE), resulting in loss of sight in the null animal.[17]
Basigin interacts with the fourth
Modulators
It have been shown that
Role in malaria
It has recently (November 2011) been found that basigin is a receptor that is essential to erythrocyte invasion by most strains of
Role in SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)
The host-cell-expressed basigin (CD147) may bind spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and possibly be involved in host cell invasion.[22] Subsequently, meplazumab, a humanized anti-CD147 antibody, was tested in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.[23]
Some of these claims have been challenged by another group of scientists who found no evidence of a direct role for basigin in either binding the viral spike protein or promoting lung cell infection.[24]
More recent studies suggests CD147 as SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor of platelets and megakaryocytes, leading to hyperactivation and thrombosis, that differs from common cold coronavirus CoV-OC43. Incubation of megakaryocyte cells with SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a significant increase in the proinflammatory transcripts LGALS3BP and S100A9. Notably, CD147 antibody-mediated blocking significantly reduced the expression of S100A9, and S100A8 on megakaryocytes following incubation with SARS-CoV-2. These data indicate that megakaryocytes and platelets actively take up SARS-CoV-2 virions, likely via an ACE-2-independent mechanism.[25]
Another study states that platelets challenged with SARS-CoV-2 undergo activation, dependent on the CD147 receptor.[26] Yet SARS-CoV-2 does not replicate in human platelets.
Yet another study describes high-interaction coupling of N-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and CD147 as the main way of infecting
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172270 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023175 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- S2CID 24602674.
- ^ PMID 16476049.
- PMID 1783610.
- ^ PMID 22080952.
- ^ PMID 26684586. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: BSG basigin (Ok blood group)".
- S2CID 37384660.
- PMID 11943775.
- PMID 11688976.
- PMID 9360995.
- S2CID 4587600.
- S2CID 7260048.
- PMID 12601063.
- ^ "WikiGenes: MRC2 - mannose receptor C, type 2 Homo sapiens".
- S2CID 9946106.
- ^ Yi F, Jiang L, Xu H, Dai F, Zhou L. "Atorvastatin suppresses CD147 and MMP-3 expression and improves histological and neurological outcomes in an animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage" (PDF). International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 11 (9): 9301–9311.
- PMID 29253870.
- PMID 33277466.
- .
- PMID 33432067.
- PMID 34538015.
- PMID 34710269.
- S2CID 261042891.
Further reading
- Muramatsu T, Miyauchi T (July 2003). "Basigin (CD147): a multifunctional transmembrane protein involved in reproduction, neural function, inflammation and tumor invasion". Histology and Histopathology. 18 (3): 981–987. S2CID 4635815.
- Yan L, Zucker S, Toole BP (February 2005). "Roles of the multifunctional glycoprotein, emmprin (basigin; CD147), in tumour progression". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 93 (2): 199–204. S2CID 27979932.
- Kasinrerk W, Fiebiger E, Stefanová I, Baumruker T, Knapp W, Stockinger H (August 1992). "Human leukocyte activation antigen M6, a member of the Ig superfamily, is the species homologue of rat OX-47, mouse basigin, and chicken HT7 molecule". Journal of Immunology. 149 (3): 847–854. S2CID 24602674.
- Nabeshima K, Lane WS, Biswas C (February 1991). "Partial sequencing and characterization of the tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 285 (1): 90–96. PMID 1846736.
- Biswas C, Zhang Y, DeCastro R, Guo H, Nakamura T, Kataoka H, Nabeshima K (January 1995). "The human tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor (renamed EMMPRIN) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily". Cancer Research. 55 (2): 434–439. PMID 7812975.
- Kaname T, Miyauchi T, Kuwano A, Matsuda Y, Muramatsu T, Kajii T (1993). "Mapping basigin (BSG), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, to 19p13.3". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 64 (3–4): 195–197. PMID 8404035.
- DeCastro R, Zhang Y, Guo H, Kataoka H, Gordon MK, Toole BP, Biswas G (June 1996). "Human keratinocytes express EMMPRIN, an extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 106 (6): 1260–1265. PMID 8752667.
- Spring FA, Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Mawby WJ, Mattes MJ, Okubo Y, Parsons SF (April 1997). "The Oka blood group antigen is a marker for the M6 leukocyte activation antigen, the human homolog of OX-47 antigen, basigin and neurothelin, an immunoglobulin superfamily molecule that is widely expressed in human cells and tissues". European Journal of Immunology. 27 (4): 891–897. S2CID 23072979.
- Berditchevski F, Chang S, Bodorova J, Hemler ME (November 1997). "Generation of monoclonal antibodies to integrin-associated proteins. Evidence that alpha3beta1 complexes with EMMPRIN/basigin/OX47/M6". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (46): 29174–29180. PMID 9360995.
- Guo H, Majmudar G, Jensen TC, Biswas C, Toole BP, Gordon MK (October 1998). "Characterization of the gene for human EMMPRIN, a tumor cell surface inducer of matrix metalloproteinases". Gene. 220 (1–2): 99–108. PMID 9767135.
- Guo H, Li R, Zucker S, Toole BP (February 2000). "EMMPRIN (CD147), an inducer of matrix metalloproteinase synthesis, also binds interstitial collagenase to the tumor cell surface". Cancer Research. 60 (4): 888–891. PMID 10706100.
- Kirk P, Wilson MC, Heddle C, Brown MH, Barclay AN, Halestrap AP (August 2000). "CD147 is tightly associated with lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 and facilitates their cell surface expression". The EMBO Journal. 19 (15): 3896–3904. PMID 10921872.
- Yurchenko V, O'Connor M, Dai WW, Guo H, Toole B, Sherry B, Bukrinsky M (November 2001). "CD147 is a signaling receptor for cyclophilin B". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 288 (4): 786–788. PMID 11688976.
- Yurchenko V, Zybarth G, O'Connor M, Dai WW, Franchin G, Hao T, et al. (June 2002). "Active site residues of cyclophilin A are crucial for its signaling activity via CD147". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (25): 22959–22965. PMID 11943775.
- Major TC, Liang L, Lu X, Rosebury W, Bocan TM (July 2002). "Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is induced upon monocyte differentiation and is expressed in human atheroma". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 22 (7): 1200–1207. PMID 12117738.
- Taylor PM, Woodfield RJ, Hodgkin MN, Pettitt TR, Martin A, Kerr DJ, Wakelam MJ (August 2002). "Breast cancer cell-derived EMMPRIN stimulates fibroblast MMP2 release through a phospholipase A(2) and 5-lipoxygenase catalyzed pathway". Oncogene. 21 (37): 5765–5772. PMID 12173047.
- Thorns C, Feller AC, Merz H (2002). "EMMPRIN (CD 147) is expressed in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. An immunohistochemical study of 60 cases". Anticancer Research. 22 (4): 1983–1986. NAID 10020332737.
External links
- Human BSG genome location and BSG gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- Ok blood group system at NIH
- PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Basigin