Basophilia
Basophilia | |
---|---|
allergic reactions or chronic inflammation related to infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune disease. | |
Diagnostic method | Complete blood count and blood smear. |
Basophilia is the condition of having greater than 200
Causes
Basophilia can be attributed to many causes and is typically not sufficient evidence alone to signify a specific condition when isolated as a finding under microscopic examination. Coupled with other findings, such as abnormal levels of neutrophils, it may suggest the need for additional workup. As an example, additional evidence of left-shifted neutrophilia alongside basophilia indicates a potential likelihood primarily of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), or an alternate myeloproliferative neoplasm. Additionally, basophilia in the presence of numerous circulating blasts suggests the possibility of acute myeloid leukemia. Elevation of basophils may also be representative of multiple other underlying neoplasms such as polycythemia vera (PV), myelofibrosis, thrombocythemia, or, in rare cases, solid tumors. Alternative root causes other than these neoplasmic complications are most commonly allergic reactions or chronic inflammation related to infections such as tuberculosis, influenza, inflammatory bowel disorder, or an inflammatory autoimmune disease.[1] Chronic hemolytic anemia and infectious diseases such as smallpox also demonstrate elevated basophil levels.[3] Certain drug usage and food ingestion can also correlate with symptoms of basophilia.[4]
Diagnosis
Basophilia can be detected through a
After symptomatic evaluation, a peripheral blood smear is examined to determine cell counts.[1]In cases of a supposed myeloid neoplasm, a bone marrow biopsy will be performed using cytogenetic analysis. This type of testing uses the karyotypes of chromosomes for each type of leukocyte and looks for a significant abnormality in any of the conventional karyotypes which could support the diagnosis of a neoplastic process.[6] Basophilia on its own does not cause much complication other than those related to the primary causative condition. However, basophils can degranulate causing tissue damage, but this can be avoided with early detection and intervention.[4]
Treatment
Basophilia, as it is primarily a secondary condition, is treated by addressing the causative disease or disorder. The underlying condition will determine what treatment is appropriate. Specifically in cases of allergic reactions or associated with chronic inflammation, treating the underlying cause is critical to avoid further, potentially irreparable damage to the body's organ systems. Common treatments to allergic reactions include cessation of use of the offending agent, and the administration of antihistamines.[4] Infection-related basophilia can be remedied by using antibiotics to treat the underlying causative infection, whereas neoplasm related basophilia may have a more complicated clinical course including chemotherapy and periodic phlebotomy.[1]
References
- ^ PMID 30570986. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
- PMID 30072416.
- )
- ^ S2CID 7068232.
- ^ "Leukemia: Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders". Pathology Thread. University of Virginia School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
- PMID 30019447.