Basra vilayet
Vilayet of Basra Ottoman Turkish : ولايت بصرهVilâyet-i Basra | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1875–1880 1884–1918 | |||||||||
Capital | Basra[1] | ||||||||
Governor | |||||||||
• 1875-1877 | Nasir Pasha | ||||||||
• 1916-1918 | Khalil Pasha | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 1884 | ||||||||
1918 | |||||||||
Area | |||||||||
1900[2] | 42,690 km2 (16,480 sq mi) | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1900[2] | 500,000 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | Iraq Kuwait Qatar Saudi Arabia |
The Basra Vilayet (
At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 16,482 square miles (42,690 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 200,000.[2] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.[2]
The capital of the vilayet, Basra, was an important military centre, with a permanent garrison of 400 to 500 men, and was home to the Ottoman Navy in the Persian Gulf.[1]
History
It was a vilayet from 1875 to 1880,
After 1884, the vilayet was briefly expanded down the littoral of the Gulf to incorporate Najd and al-Hasa, including Hofuf, Qatar, and Qatif, the incorporation of Najd only lasted until 1913[5] before the end of the Basra Vilayet.[6]
In 1899,
Basra fell to the British on 22 November 1914, and the
Administrative divisions
- Amara Sanjak
- Basra Sanjak
- Diwanniyya Sanjak
- Muntafiq Sanjak
- Najd Sanjak; from 1875,[10] conquered by the Saudis in 1913.[5]
Governors
Governors of the Basra Vilayet:[11]
- Nasir Pasha (1875–1877)
- Vekili Ferik Mehmed Münir Pasha (1877–1879)
- Ferik Sabit Pasha (1879–1880)
- Mazhar Pasha (1880–1882)
- Yahya Pasha (1882–1884)
- Ali Riza Pasha(1884–1886)
- Izzet Pasha (1886–1888)
- Ferik Shaban Pasha (1888)
- Hidayat Pasha (1888–1891)
- Mehmed Hafiz Pasha (1891–1892)
- Bahriye Komutani Emin Pasha (1892)
- Ferik Mahmut Hamdi Pasha (1892–1893)
- Mehmed Hafiz Pasha (1893)
- Hamdi Pasha (1st time) (1893–1896)
- Arif Pasha (December 1896 – February 1898)
- Mehmed Enis Pasha (March 1898 – April 1899)
- Hamdi Pasha (2nd time) (April 1899 – January 1900)
- Mehmed Muhsin Pasha (January 1900 – September 1902)
- Mustafa Nuri Pasha (September 1902 – September 1906)
- Abdurrahman Hasan Bey (September 1906 – August 1908)
- Muharram Efendi (August 1908 – February 1908)
- Marchdine Mehmed Arif Bey (February 1909 – September 1909)
- Süleyman Nazif Bey (September 1909 – November 1910)
- Kavurzade Huseyin Celal Bey (December 1910 – July 1911)
- Bagdali Hasan Riza Pasha (July 1911 – December 1912)
- Malik Efendi (December 1912 – February 1913)
- Ali Riza Pasha(Feb 1913 – March 1913)
- Alaeddin Bey Altaz (March 1913 – July 1913)
- Izzet Pasha (July 1913 – December 1913)
- Söylemezoglu Süleyman Sefik Pasha (December 1913 – July 1914)
- Subhi Bey (July 1914 – November 1914)
- Süleyman `Askari Pasha (November 1914 – 1916)
- Khalil Pasha (1916 – 11 March 1917)
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 978-3-8258-8799-5. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ^ A. H. Keane, page 460
- ISBN 978-3-8258-8799-5. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 193–194.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-64412-9. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
- ISBN 978-1-85043-570-9. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
- ISBN 978-1-136-83426-4. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ^ John de Vere Loder Baron Wakehurst (1923). The Truth about Mesopotamia, Palestine & Syria. G. Allen & Unwin Limited. p. 35. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
- ISBN 0691115753.
- ^ Worldstatesmen — Saudi Arabia
- ^ World Statesmen — Iraq
External links
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 489.