Bathinda

Coordinates: 30°13′48″N 74°57′07″E / 30.23000°N 74.95194°E / 30.23000; 74.95194
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Bathinda
City
Bathinda railway station
Websitebathinda.nic.in

Bathinda is a city and municipal corporation in Punjab, India. The city is the administrative headquarters of Bathinda district. It is located in northwestern India in the Malwa Region, 227 km (141 mi) west of the capital city of Chandigarh and is the fifth largest city of Punjab.

Bathinda is home to the

fertiliser plant,[2] two cement plants (Ambuja Cements and UltraTech Cement Limited), a large army cantonment, an air force station, a zoo,[1] and a historic Qila Mubarak fort.[3]

History

Empress of India Razia Sultana was held captive[4]

Bhatinda was changed to Bathinda to conform to the phonetical expression as locally pronounced.[5] According to Henry George Raverty, Bathinda was known as Tabar-i-Hind (Labb-ut-Twarikh) or Tabarhindh, which roughly translates as ‘Gateway to India’. The earliest mention of Tabar-i-Hind occurs in the Jami-Ul-Hakayat written about 607 Hijri or 1211 AD.[6]

In 1004,

Muhammad Ghori
.

In the 3rd century,

Jodhpur) and became part of Bikaner princely state.[8] Bathinda was an important fort in the area from Delhi to Lahore during the time of the Delhi Sultanate
.

As per

undertook many projects to enhance the fort of Bathinda.

In circa 1754, the town was conquered by Maharaja Ala Singh, the Maharaja of Patiala and since then it followed the history of erstwhile princely state of Patiala. With the dawn of independence and merger of Patiala and East Punjab States into a division called Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), Bathinda became a full-fledged district with headquarters at Bathinda city.[5]

Demographics

Population

As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Bathinda city in 2011 is 285,813; male and female are 151,782 and 134,031 respectively. The sex ratio of Bathinda city is 868 females per 1000 males. The number of literate people in Bathinda city are 211,318 of which 118,888 are males while 92,430 are females, average literacy rate is 82.84 per cent of which male and female literacy is 87.86 and 77.16 per cent respectively. Total children (ages 0 to 6) in Bathinda city are 30,713: 16,472 boys and 14,241 girls. Child sex ratio of girls is 865 per 1000 boys.[9]

Religion

Bathinda District on a whole in spite of not being a majority in the city.[10]

Religion in Bathinda[11]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
62.61%
Sikhism
35.04%
Islam
1.12%
Christianity
0.33%
Others
0.90%

Geography and climate

Bathinda is in the northwestern region of India and is a part of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. The exact cartographic co-ordinates of Bathinda are 30°12′N 74°57′E / 30.20°N 74.95°E / 30.20; 74.95.[12] It has an average elevation of 201 metres (660 ft).

Bathinda
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
10
 
 
20
7
 
 
19
 
 
24
10
 
 
7.9
 
 
30
15
 
 
9.8
 
 
37
21
 
 
20
 
 
41
26
 
 
38
 
 
41
28
 
 
90
 
 
37
28
 
 
84
 
 
36
27
 
 
52
 
 
36
25
 
 
9.4
 
 
34
19
 
 
1.4
 
 
29
13
 
 
3.6
 
 
23
8
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: MSN World Weather
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.4
 
 
68
45
 
 
0.8
 
 
75
50
 
 
0.3
 
 
86
59
 
 
0.4
 
 
99
70
 
 
0.8
 
 
106
79
 
 
1.5
 
 
106
82
 
 
3.6
 
 
99
82
 
 
3.3
 
 
97
81
 
 
2
 
 
97
77
 
 
0.4
 
 
93
66
 
 
0.1
 
 
84
55
 
 
0.1
 
 
73
46
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches

Bathinda's climate corresponds to semi-arid with high variation between summer and winter temperatures. Average annual rainfall is relatively low, in a range of 20 mm to 40 mm.[13]

In recent times, Summer temperatures of 49 °C (120 °F)[14] and winter temperatures of 1 °C (about 33 °F)[15] were not unknown in Bathinda, lowest being -1.4 °C (29.48 °F) in the winter of 2013[16]

Suburbs

Environmental issues

There has been increasing incidence of various types of cancer in and around Bathinda. It is attributed to the presence of polluting industries and the indiscriminate use of modern pesticides and other toxic materials in farming. A 2007 epidemiological study found that the surface waters of Bathinda are contaminated with

diarrhoea, vomiting, fluorosis and a host of skin ailments including rashes and boils. Many young couples are also reported to be migrating out to save their children from adverse effects. Hence the government has completely banned the use of ground water in the city for drinking purposes.[17]

In the cleanliness survey, conducted by the Union Ministry of Urban Development, Bathinda scored an all-India rank of 79 and number 1 rank in Punjab.[18]

Government and politics

Bhatinda city is governed by Municipal Corporation Bhatinda. The administrative wing is headed by Municipal Commissioner Bikramjit Singh Shergill,[19] while the elected wing is headed by Mayor.

Transportation

Bhatinda Railway Station has connectivity to most of the major cities in India. Four national highways: NH 7 (Fazilka - Badrinath National Highway), NH 54 (Kenchiyan, Hanumangarh - Pathankot National Highway), NH 148B (Bathinda to Kotputli) and NH 754 (Bathinda to Jalalabad, Fazilka) pass through/near the city.[20]

Education

College education

Colleges within Bathinda include:

Notable people

References

  1. ^ a b "Places to Visit". Archived from the original on 26 November 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
  2. ^ "Industry". Archived from the original on 7 June 2005.
  3. ^ "Bhatinda - district of Punjab - North India Online". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
  4. ^ "Raziya Sultan". Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  5. ^ a b "District at A glance". Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
  6. ^ "Bhatinda History". Government of Punjab.
  7. ^ Sir Roper Lethbridge, The golden book of India: a genealogical and biographical dictionary, page 112
  8. ^ Gupta, Jugal Kishore (1991). History of Sirsa Town. Atlantic Publishers & Distri.
  9. ^ "Census 2011".
  10. ^ "Bathinda District Population Census 2011, Punjab literacy sex ratio and density".
  11. ^ "Bathinda City Population Census 2011 - Punjab".
  12. ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bhatinda, India".
  13. ^ http://www.mapsofindia.com/ maps/india/annualrainfall.htm
  14. ^ under the section 'historical monthly average for may', subsection 'temperature', http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/India/Bhatinda/climate-profile.aspx?month=5
  15. ^ under the section 'historical monthly average for Jan', subsection 'temperature', http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/India/Bhatinda/climate-profile.aspx?month=1
  16. ^ A news report, "Bathinda records region's lowest temperature at -1.4°C - Hindustan Times". Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  17. ^ Sharma, Vrinda (6 September 2011). "Cancer Bathinda's dubious distinction". The Hindu.
  18. ^ Service, Tribune News. "Bathinda cleanest in Punjab, but slips to 79th ranking". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  19. ^ "Municipal Corporation Bhatinda".
  20. ^ "National Highways of India" (PDF). National Highway Authority of India. Wayback Machine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  21. ^ "State Government Affiliated Institutes of Hotel Management | NCHMCT". National Council For Hotel Management and Catering Technology. Retrieved 22 January 2020.

External links