Battle of Chonan
Battle of Chonan | |||||||
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Part of the Korean War | |||||||
Map of the 34th Infantry Regiment's delay action from July 5 to 8 | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
North Korea | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
William F. Dean Robert R. Martin † Robert L. Wadlington |
Lee Kwon Mu | ||||||
Units involved | |||||||
34th Infantry Regiment |
4th Infantry Division
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Strength | |||||||
2,000 | 12,000 | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
~300 killed, wounded or missing (98–109 killed/missing)[1] and 60 captured | Unknown |
The Battle of Chonan was the third engagement between United States and North Korean forces during the Korean War. It occurred on the night of July 7/8, 1950, in the town of Chonan in western South Korea. The fight ended in a North Korean victory after intense fighting around the town, which occurred throughout the night and into the morning.
The
The 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry, set up a defensive perimeter north of the city and, by nightfall, was engaged in combat with superior numbers of North Korean troops and tanks. American forces, unable to repulse North Korean armor, soon found themselves in an intense urban fight as columns of North Korean troops, spearheaded by T-34 tanks, entered the town from two directions, cutting off U.S. forces. The fight resulted in the near destruction of the 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry, and the death of the 34th Infantry Regiment's new commander, Colonel Robert R. Martin.
Background
Outbreak of war
On the night of June 25, 1950, 10 divisions of the
The
Early engagements
From the 24th Infantry Division, one battalion was assigned to be airlifted into Korea via
During that time, the
Battle
Opening moves
Having pushed back U.S. forces at both Osan and Pyongtaek, the
Following the retreat from
At around 1300, L Company of 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry was 5 mi (8.0 km) north of Chonan when it was hit with North Korean small arms fire. Around this time, Martin received a message from Dean that around 50 North Korean
North Korean attack
Throughout the evening of July 7, North Korean pressure developed from the west edge of town. Around 2000, a column of North Korean tanks and infantry approached the town from the east. The column was hit by shells from the 63rd Field Artillery Battalion, which was supporting the 34th Infantry with 105 mm
Within a few hours, a second infantry column assaulted the town from the northwest. Five or six tanks at the head of the column infiltrated Chonan and began destroying all vehicles in sight and any buildings suspected of harboring Americans. Around 0600, infantry from the northwest column began flooding into the city and engaged in an intense and confused battle with the 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry Regiment in the streets of Chonan.
American withdrawal
After Martin's death, the 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry, began to buckle as increasing numbers of North Korean troops flooded into Chonan from the northwest and eastern roads. The battalion suffered heavy casualties but was saved by the continuous fire laid down by the 63rd Field Artillery Battalion.[29] Between 0800 and 1000, U.S. units began a disorganized retreat from the town, many soldiers deserting their units and running from the battle.[28] Wadlington, now in command of the 34th Infantry, moved the 3rd Battalion to a collecting point south of the town, where the 1st Battalion, 34th Infantry was holding a blocking position and had not been engaged.[30] As the 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry, began to pull back to rally points, the 1st Battalion began to come under mortar fire from North Korean forces but withdrew without engaging them.[31]
As this was happening, General Dean arrived south of the town with
Aftermath
The 34th Infantry pulled back to the Kum River, its two battalions having been mauled in the battles of Pyongtaek and Chonan. It was able to delay North Korean forces for 14–20 hours, allowing the 21st Infantry Regiment to set up the next delaying action at
Robert R. Martin, the 34th Infantry Regiment's commanding officer during the battle, was
References
Citations
- ^ "Battle of Cheonan - Martin Park - Cheonan, Korea". Archived from the original on 2016-02-14. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
- ^ Alexander 2003, p. 1.
- ^ Alexander 2003, p. 2.
- ^ Varhola 2000, p. 2.
- ^ a b Varhola 2000, p. 3.
- ^ Catchpole 2001, p. 14.
- United States Army Japan. Archived from the originalon 2010-08-24. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
- ^ Varhola 2000, p. 4.
- ^ Alexander 2003, p. 62.
- ^ Fehrenbach 2001, p. 74.
- ^ a b c Catchpole 2001, p. 15.
- ^ Gugeler 2005, p. 16.
- ^ a b c Alexander 2003, p. 66.
- ^ a b Fehrenbach 2001, p. 78.
- ^ Alexander 2003, p. 63.
- ^ Gugeler 2005, p. 12.
- ^ Appleman 1998, p. 81.
- ^ Appleman 1998, p. 82.
- ^ a b Appleman, p. 83.
- ^ Appleman 1998, p. 89.
- ^ Appleman 1998, p. 84.
- ^ Appleman 1998, p. 85.
- ^ Fehrenbach 2001, p. 79.
- ^ a b c Fehrenbach 2001, p. 80.
- ^ a b c d Appleman, p. 86.
- ^ a b c d Alexander 2003, p. 67.
- ^ Gugeler 2005, p. 18.
- ^ a b c d Fehrenbach 2001, p. 81.
- ^ a b c Appleman 1998, p. 87.
- ^ a b Appleman 1998, p. 88.
- ^ Gugeler 2005, p. 19.
- ^ Gugeler 2005, p. 20.
- ^ Appleman 1998, p. 90.
- ^ Fehrenbach 2001, p. 101.
Sources
- ISBN 978-0-7818-1019-7.
- Appleman, Roy E. (1998). South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War. ISBN 978-0-16-001918-0. Archived from the originalon 2013-11-02. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
- Catchpole, Brian (2001). The Korean War. ISBN 978-1-84119-413-4.
- ISBN 978-1-57488-334-3.
- Gugeler, Russell A. (2005). Combat Actions in Korea. University Press of the Pacific. ISBN 978-1-4102-2451-4.
- ISBN 978-1-882810-44-4.
External links
- Battle of Cheonan Commemoration Ceremony Archived 2023-03-30 at the Wayback Machine