Battle of Poniec

Battle of Poniec
Part of the Great Northern War
Memorial to fallen Swedish soldiers near Poniec
Date October 28, 1704 Location Poniec, Poland Result See Aftermath
Belligerents
Swedish Empire	Saxony
Commanders and leaders
Charles XII	Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg
Strength
2,700–5,600[1]	5,500–6,000[1]
Casualties and losses
400[2]–650[1]	500–800[1]

The Battle of Poniec took place on October 28, 1704 in

Schulenberg had twelve battalions of infantry and four squadrons of cavalry, a total of 5,500–6,000 soldiers whom he was in a hurry to mobilize. He took position on a field in front of the village of Janiszewo west of Poniec. The Saxons' left wing was protected by Poniec and the right wing was protected by an impassable swamp. The center was protected by a ditch with a wagon fort behind it by which Schulenburg placed his cannons. Initially, Charles XII only had one cavalry and three dragoon regiments. Five additional regiments arrived progressively or could not reach the battlefield in time.

The battle began when the Swedes attacked the Saxon line, quickly chasing away the cavalry on each flank as well as two infantry battalions. To avoid disaster, Schulenburg ordered a retreat. Noticing this, the Swedes advanced to attack once more. Schulenburg, however, managed to form up his soldiers in a large square formation at Moraczewo, successfully repulsing the Swedish onslaught. As more Swedish regiments progressively arrived during the evening, the Swedes attacked again. The Saxons were attacked from all directions, and the Swedes concentrated on attacking the gaps in enemy lines. The Swedes broke up the Saxon division, but the Saxons answered this with their powerful musket volleys. With casualties mounting, and a fog developing in the full night, Charles XII decided to disengage and pull back to Poniec, planning on renewing the fight as more reinforcements had arrived. This allowed the Saxons to successfully retreat. When Charles XII realized they had retreated, he once again pursued Schulenburg.^[1]

Aftermath

Charles XII admitted to a loss of 289 men killed and wounded,^[1] while Defoe mentions 400–500 Swedish losses in his biography about the king.^[2] According to Anusik, the Swedes lost as many as 1,500 men.^[3] Schulenburg admitted to a loss of 489 Saxons, also losing most of his guns. Damian Plowy, on the other hand, estimates a total loss of 550–650 Swedes, and 500–600 killed or wounded and 200 captured Saxons.^[1]

Charles XII pursued Schulenburg to the Oder river and neutral Silesia, where the Saxon commander reached safety.^[1] Greater Poland had thus been completely cleared of Saxon troops.^[3] Charles XII could then turn his attention towards the Cossacks and Russians who had marched to rendezvous with Schulenburg at Poniec, annihilating parts of their forces at the Battle of Oderbeltsch [sv] (Bełcz Wielki) and the Battle of Tillendorf [sv] respectively.^[1]

While the battle is generally viewed as a Swedish victory,^[4][5][6][7] Anusik argues that the battle was tactically inconclusive, but a strategic victory for the Saxons, seeing as Schulenburg managed to save his army from destruction.^[3]

References