Battle of Xiakou
| Battle of Xiakou | |
|---|---|
| Part of the wars at the Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei | |
| Result | Inconclusive |
| Battle of Xiakou | |
|---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Xiàkǒu Zhī Zhàn |
The Battle of Xiakou was fought between the warlords
Background
In 200, Sun Quan inherited the territories in Jiangdong conquered by his older brother, Sun Ce, between 194 and 199. He was confirmed by the Han government's de facto leader, Cao Cao, as a legitimate lord of the Jiangdong lands, and was appointed by the Han government as Grand Administrator of Kuaiji.[1]
Two years later, Sun Quan suppressed a rebellion by
The battle
Sun Quan appointed Ling Cao as leader of the vanguard fleet and ordered him to mobilize first, while he kept the larger vessels with himself for a slower advance. On the other hand, Huang Zu led his army from Jiangxia to Xiakou and set up a defense line in anticipation of the enemy.
En route to Jiangxia, Ling Cao's fleet encountered Huang Zu's navy at the Xiakou riverbank, with Huang's large vessels spread out far and wide.[3] Even though Ling Cao was at a numerical disadvantage then, he considered it his duty as a vanguard leader to eliminate any enemy standing in his lord's path. Undaunted, Ling Cao charged ahead of his men and dashed uninterruptedly into the heart of Huang Zu's fleet. Since Huang Zu did not expect such a small unit to engage his larger force, he was unprepared for Ling Cao's attack. Before Huang Zu could react to the situation, Ling Cao had cleared a path in front of him. Fearing for his life, Huang Zu abandoned his flagship and boarded a small boat, leaving his navy impaired.[4] When Huang Zu's soldiers saw their commander fleeing towards their home base, they started to desert their posts and scrambled to retreat, resulting in a total collapse of the naval formation.
Ling Cao gave pursuit to Huang Zu and boarded a light vessel in the midst of chaos and fighting. However, when he was close to claiming Huang Zu's head, he was hit by an arrow fired by Huang's subordinate, Gan Ning, and died.[5] Thus, Huang was able to retreat to Jiangxia safely. Huang Zu remained in Jiangxia thereafter and did not respond to the challenges of Sun Quan's main army. Unable to breach Jiangxia's walls, Sun Quan soon withdrew his troops to Jiangdong to deal with the Shanyue tribes who constantly raided his lands.[6]
Aftermath
Even though Gan Ning saved Huang Zu's life at a critical moment, Huang was unappreciative of his effort because he despised Gan for his background (Gan Ning used to be a pirate).[7] Gan Ning then heeded the advice of his comrade, Su Fei (蘇飛), to defect to Sun Quan's side, bringing along with him confidential intelligence on Huang Zu's forces. Sun Quan received Gan Ning warmly and followed Gan's suggestion to launch a full assault on Huang Zu again three years later, in 208, starting the subsequent Battle of Jiangxia.
In popular culture
The Battle of Xiakou is featured as a playable stage in the fourth, fifth, and seventh installments of Koei's video game series, Dynasty Warriors. In the games, the battle was merged with the Battle of Jiangxia. In the later installments, the battle became more significant after Ling Tong (Ling Cao's son) became a playable character. In Dynasty Warriors 5, it was incorrectly stated that the Battle of Xiakou took place in 208.
Notes
- ^ Rafe de Crespigny. Generals of the South: The foundation and early history of the Three Kingdoms state of Wu Archived 2007-06-07 at the Wayback Machine, page 227.
- ^ Yu Huan. Dian Lüe.
- ^ Chen Shou. Records of Three Kingdoms, Volume 55.
- ^ Wei Zhao. Chronicles of Wu.
- ^ (祖军败奔走，追兵急，宁以善射，将兵在后，射杀校尉凌操) Wei Zhao. Chronicles of Wu.
- ^ Chen Shou. Records of Three Kingdoms, Volume 47, Biography of Sun Quan.
- ^ (祖既得免，军罢还营，待宁如初。) Wei Zhao. Chronicles of Wu.
References
- Wei Zhao. Chronicles of Wu.
- Yu Huan. Dian Lüe.
- ISBN 7-80665-198-5.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2004), Generals of the South: The foundation and early history of the Three Kingdoms state of Wu, Canberra: Australian National University, archived from the original on 2007-06-07. Internet Edition.