Bayshore Freeway
Route information | |
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Maintained by Caltrans | |
Length | 56.4 mi[1] (90.8 km) |
Major junctions | |
South end | US 101 at Blossom Hill Road (former SR 82) in San Jose |
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North end | US 101 / I-80 in San Francisco |
Location | |
Country | United States |
State | California |
Counties | Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco |
Highway system | |
The Bayshore Freeway is a part of U.S. Route 101 (US 101) in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. It runs along the west shore of the San Francisco Bay, connecting San Jose with San Francisco. Within the city of San Francisco, the freeway is also known as James Lick Freeway, named after the California philanthropist. The road was originally built as a surface road, the Bayshore Highway, and later upgraded to freeway standards. Before 1964, it was mostly marked as U.S. Route 101 Bypass, with US 101 using the present State Route 82 (El Camino Real).
Route description
The Bayshore Freeway begins at the Blossom Hill Road interchange on
In San Francisco, where the road is also known as the James Lick Freeway, it continues north-northwesterly between
History
Initial construction
Before the
The state legislature extended the highway in 1925, defining it to run from near the intersection of Army Street (
Although the highway was designed and built to what were, at the time, high standards, with a 100-foot (30 m) wide
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Existed | 1939–1964 |
When the Bayshore Highway was completed in 1937,
Construction of an extension to
Reconstruction
The Bayshore Highway through San Francisco and San Mateo counties was considered complete in 1940,[40] at the dawn of the freeway era; that year, the California Department of Public Works announced plans to convert the Bayshore Highway into a six-lane divided freeway between San Francisco and Palo Alto.[37][41] It was the first freeway planned for Northern California, and the second in the state, after the Arroyo Seco project.[40] In general, the goals of the Bayshore Freeway project were to grade-separate the freeway from surface streets and railroad tracks to accommodate projected traffic and to reduce the rate of accidents.[42] At the time, it was anticipated that traffic along the San Francisco Peninsula would reach the capacity of both El Camino Real and the Bayshore Highway within ten years. In addition, the accident rate along the Bayshore Highway was 2.9 per million vehicle miles, compared with the state-wide average of 1.4; current traffic on the Bayshore Highway was estimated at 30,000 vehicles per day and in 1939 alone, there were 276 accidents, resulting in 19 fatalities and 235 injuries.[40] Twenty years later in 1959, the accident rate on the new Bayshore Freeway had dropped to 0.75 per million vehicle miles, carrying 59,000 vehicles per day.[43]
The first segment rebuilt as a modern freeway was finished in 1947, stretching from Peninsula Avenue (then called Peninsular) at the
Construction began in San Francisco in 1950 on a 1+1⁄3 mi (2.1 km) segment north from Augusta to 25th at a contracted cost of $6.5 million, including the cost of the right-of-way (about half the total) and grade separations over Alemany and Army.[49] This segment opened on June 1, 1951.[50] Also in 1951, the state legislature renamed the portion within San Francisco after James Lick, a California pioneer and philanthropist.[51] San Francisco construction included segments to the north, opened in 1953,[52] and the south.[46] The connection to the upper deck of the Bay Bridge[53] opened in June 1955.[54] Construction in San Francisco was completed by 1958.[55]
A new causeway across Candlestick Cove connected the completed section in South San Francisco with San Francisco and opened on July 11, 1957.[37][56] Planning began in 1951, when bids were taken for an experimental causeway 132 feet (40 m) wide extending 0.6 miles (0.97 km) south from Candlestick Point; rather than pumping out soft bay mud and back-filling with sand, fill dirt would be dumped directly into the Bay to see if the mud underneath could be displaced instead.[57] This section of the Bay had water up to 12 feet (3.7 m) deep, overlying soft mud 40 to 80 feet (12 to 24 m) deep, which in turn was overlying harder, compacted mud. The compacted mud was deemed sufficiently strong to support the weight of the freeway, but it was hoped that excavation of the soft mud layer could be avoided by dumping fill at a sufficient rate, later calculated to be 5,000 cubic yards (3,800 m3) per day.[58] The experiment was deemed a success, and the remaining 0.9 miles (1.4 km) of causeway was put out for bid in 1954,[59] awarded in 1955 to Guy F. Atkinson Co. By that time, over 4,000,000 cubic yards (3,100,000 m3) of fill had already been placed.[60]
Meanwhile, construction had progressed south from San Mateo through San Carlos, with that segment completed in 1954,[46] and continuing on into Redwood City (Marsh Road relocation, July 1958), Menlo Park (Willow Road Interchange, 1956), and Palo Alto (June 1958).[61]
A movement to make the four-lane undivided "Bloody Bayshore" safer all the way to San Jose began in Palo Alto.
Exit list
Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers to an overlap due to a correction or change, and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary ( ).[63] Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The numbers reset at county lines; the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column.
County | Location | Postmile [39][63][64] | Exit[65] | Destinations | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Los Angeles | Continuation beyond CR G10 (Blossom Hill Road) | ||||||
378 | Blossom Hill Road ( CR G10) / Silver Creek Valley Road to SR 82 | South end of Bayshore Freeway; former SR 82 | |||||
See US 101 Exits 380–433A | |||||||
City and County of San Francisco | R4.24 | 433B | I-80 east – Bay Bridge, Oakland | Signed as exit 433 southbound; north end of Bayshore Freeway; I-80 exit 1A | |||
US 101 north (Central Freeway) – Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco Civic Center | Continuation beyond I-80 | ||||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |
See also
- California Roads portal
- San Francisco Bay Area portal
References
- ^ Google Maps driving directions, accessed February 2008
- USGS topographic maps, accessed January 2008 via ACME Mapper
- ^ Named freeways dot.ca.gov [dead link]
- ^ California State Assembly. "An act to establish a Streets and Highways Code, thereby consolidating and revising the law relating to public ways and all appurtenances thereto, and to repeal certain acts and parts of acts specified herein". Fifty-first Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 29 p. 280.: "Route 68 is the Bay Shore Highway from San Francisco to San Jose. This route includes the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and the approaches thereto on the San Francisco end..."
- ^ California State Assembly. "An act authorizing and directing the California highway commission to lay out and acquire a right of way or rights of way for a highway or highways from the county line of the city and county of San Francisco, in, to and through San Mateo county..." Forty-fifth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 181 p. 422.: "from the county line separating the city and county of San Francisco from the county of San Mateo, in, to and through the county of San Mateo, at such location or locations as the said California highway commission may select."
- ^ a b c Mel Scott, The San Francisco Bay Area: A Metropolis in Perspective, University of California Press, 1959, pp. 174, 183, 209-210, 215
- ^ a b c Remington, W. G. (March–April 1962). "Bayshore Freeway: San Jose to San Francisco Is Now All Full Freeway" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 41, no. 3–4. pp. 5–8. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ California State Assembly. "An act to provide for the establishment of a highway, to be known as the Bay Shore highway, in the counties of San Francisco, San Mateo and Santa Clara". Forty-sixth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 471 p. 1009.
- ^ Los Angeles Times, Desert Replaces Ocean and Mountains in Hearts of Those Who Roam in Motor Cars, October 20, 1929, p. 1
- ^ Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1966, pp. 243-245
- , 1933
- ^ The New York Times, Coolidge Opens Big Bridge, March 3, 1929, p. N4
- ^ Oakland Tribune, Bayshore Highway Open to Palo Alto, May 10, 1931
- San Mateo Times, October 7, 1931: "...the Bayshore highway in San Mateo and Santa Clara counties, between Redwood City and Oregon avenue, Palo Alto, was under award today..."
- ^ Oakland Tribune, New Link of Bay Shore Highway Open, June 19, 1932
- ^ Oakland Tribune, Highway Completion is Asked of State, May 30, 1933
- ^ Oakland Tribune, July 16, 1933: "The Bayshore Highway is also available as far south as Lawrence Station from where it is necessary to join U. S. 101..."
- Division of Highways, San Jose, 1934
- ^ Division of Highways, San Jose, 1944
- ^ Oakland Tribune, Last Bay Shore Link to Be Dedicated, June 6, 1937
- ^ California Department of Transportation, Dumbarton Bridge Archived February 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, accessed February 2008
- ^ Paul D. Buchanan, San Mateo Daily Journal, History traces the bayshore from highway to freeway, April 15, 2002
- ^ Palo Alto Daily News, Then and Now: The 'Bloody Bayshore', May 20, 2007 (Archived from the originalon June 21, 2008)
- ^ United States Geological Survey, San Jose (1942) Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Palo Alto (1940) Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Hayward (1942) Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, San Mateo (1939) Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, and San Francisco (1942) Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (scale 1:62500)
- San Mateo Times, Camino Robbed of Auto Traffic by Plot, Claim, December 23, 1937
- ^ Oakland Tribune, October 1, 1939: "The Pacheco Pass road, a good connection between coast and inland routes, is reached over pavement via U.S. 101 or U.S. 101 Bypass to San Jose..."
- , 1942
- , 1941
- ^ California State Assembly. "An act to amend section 368 of the Streets and Highways Code, relating to State highway route 68". Fifty-second Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 48 p. 119.: "...and includes both Harrison Street and Bryant Street from 10th Street to 5th Street in the City and County of San Francisco."
- ^ a b California State Assembly. "An act to amend Sections 311, 352, 368, 369, 465, 472, and 496 of, the Streets and Highways Code, relating to state highway routes". Fifty-seventh Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 1233 p. 2736.: "Route 68 is the Bayshore Highway from San Francisco to Route 2 near Ford Road south of San Jose."
- ^ California State Assembly. "An act to amend Sections 253, 305, 308, 315, 316, 323, 326, 343, 354, 366, 368, 376, 399, 414, 415, 416, 468, 512, 513, 526, 572, 582, and 587, to amend and renumber Section 559, and to repeal Section 725.5..." 1961 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 1146 p. 2891.: "Route 68 is from Route 2 near Ford Road south of San Jose to Route 5 near Oakland."
- Division of Highways, San Francisco, 1963
- ^ Oakland Tribune, To Extend Bayshore, March 19, 1939
- ^ Oakland Tribune, April 16, 1939: "Bids will be opened at Sacramento, April 5 for two bridges on the projected extension of the Bayshore Highway to 30th and East Santa Clara Streets..."
- ^ Oakland Tribune, November 23, 1940: "Autos driven by Dowey and Joseph Lawrence, Evergreen rancher, collided at McKee Road and Bayshore Highway."
- ^ "New Link of Bayshore Highway Through San Jose Is Officially Opened to Traffic" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 26, no. 7–8. July–August 1947. pp. 8–9. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
- ^ a b c d California Department of Transportation, Index to California Highways and Public Works, 1937-1967, June 1997, pp. 104, 107, 109
- ^ United States Geological Survey, San Jose (scale 1:62500) Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, 1953
- ^ a b c California Department of Transportation (July 2007). "Log of Bridges on State Highways". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation.
- ^ a b c Barrett, Lawrence (August 1940). "Bayshore Freeway Plans Shown" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 18, no. 8. pp. 6–9, 23. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ Oakland Tribune, Bayshore Speed Road Discussed, July 26, 1940
- ^ a b Purcell, C. H. (August 1940). "Engineering Details And Route Of Proposed Bayshore Freeway" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 18, no. 8. pp. 10–13, 28. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ Moskowitz, Karl (March–April 1962). "Freeway Accidents: No Cross Traffic Keeps Rate Low" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 41, no. 3–4. pp. 9–15. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ a b Remington, W. G. (November–December 1946). "Bayshore Freeway Construction". California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 24, no. 11–12. pp. 34–36. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ a b c d Simard, H. A. (July–August 1947). "Portion of Bayshore Freeway Expected To Be Completed Early Next Year" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 26, no. 7–8. pp. 10–13. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
- ^ a b c Booker, B. W. (March–April 1954). "Bay Area Freeways" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 33, no. 3–4. pp. 1–4. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ Carter, E. J. (May–June 1949). "Nine Years: Nine Miles and Nine Million Dollars Make Bayshore Freeway" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 28, no. 4–6. pp. 1–5, 58. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
- ^ United States Geological Survey, San Mateo (1949) Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Montara Mountain (1949) Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, and San Francisco South (1947) (scale 1:24000)
- ^ "New Unit of Bayshore Freeway" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 29, no. 5–6. May–June 1950. pp. 26–27. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ "Bayshore Freeway: First Unit Within City of San Francisco Opened to Public Use" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 30, no. 5–6. May–June 1951. pp. 1–4, 39, 41. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ California State Assembly. "Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 37—Relative to the naming of the James Lick Memorial Freeway". 1951 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California (Resolution). State of California. Ch. 122 p. 4550.
- ^ "Bayshore Freeway: New Section Between Army and Bryant Opened to Traffic" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 32, no. 9–10. September–October 1953. pp. 44, 56. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ "Development of Historic US 40: In California—Freeway Sections Being Extended" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 33, no. 7–8. July–August 1954. p. 5. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ California Highways July-August 1955
- ^ Booker, B. W. (March–April 1958). "Report From District IV: Pushed Toward Completion, Bay Area Freeway Network" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 37, no. 3–4. p. 7. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ "Bold Venture: Open-water Highway Project Is Dedicated to Traffic" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 36, no. 7–8. July–August 1957. pp. 57–58, 72. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ "Freeway Bids" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 30, no. 11–12. November–December 1951. p. 49. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ Moses, H. L. (September–October 1952). "Successful Job: Bayshore Freeway Experimental Tideland Fill Is justified" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 31, no. 9–10. pp. 13–16. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ "Multilane Sections On US 101" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 33, no. 7–8. July–August 1954. p. 4. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ Smith, Vincent O. (November–December 1955). "'Open Water' Fill: Unique Project Is Nearing Completion" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 34, no. 11–12. pp. 8–9, 28–29. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ a b Booker, B. W. (March–April 1959). "Report From District IV" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 38, no. 3–4. pp. 6–10. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ MPO Productions, Freedom of the American Road, 1955
- ^ a b California Department of Transportation. "State Truck Route List". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (XLS file) on June 30, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
- ^ California Department of Transportation, All Traffic Volumes on CSHS, 2005 and 2006
- California Numbered Exit Uniform System, US-101 Northbound and US-101 Southbound, accessed February 2008
External links
- Caltrans: US 101 highway conditions
- Caltrans Traffic Conditions Map
- California Highway Patrol Traffic Incidents
- Bayshore Highway - City of South San Francisco Historical Articles