Beatrice of Lorraine
Beatrice of Bar (also Beatrix; c. 1020 – 18 April 1076) was the
Life
Beatrice was born in what is now northeastern France around 1020.[1] She was also known as Beatrice of Tuscany or Beatrice of Canossa.[2]
After her father Duke Frederick II of Upper Lorraine died in 1026, she and her sister Sophie went to live with their mother's sister, Empress Gisela at the imperial court.[3]
c.1037/8, she became the second wife of
- Beatrice (died 17 December 1053)
- Frederick(died July 1055), briefly successor before imprisonment
- Matilda (1046 – 24 July 1115),[6] successor as marchioness of Tuscany
Regency
With Boniface's death on 6 May 1052, Beatrice assumed the
On the death of Henry, Godfrey was reconciled with his heir,
In 1069, Godfrey died.[9] Matilda was of age, yet Beatrice continued to exercise government in her name until the day she died.
On 29 August 1071, Beatrice founded the monastery Frassinoro at the Apennine pass of Foce della Radici. In 1074-1076, Beatrice was a key negotiator in the dispute between Pope Gregory VII and her kinsman, King Henry IV of Germany over certain rights in episcopal appointments.[10]
Death
Beatrice died at Pisa on 18 April 1076.
- Quamvis peccatrix sum domna vocata Beatrix
- In tumulo missa iaceo quæ comitissa
- Quilibet ergo pater noster, det pro mea anima ter.[13]
(“Although a sinner, I was called Lady Beatrice. I, who was a countess, lie in this grave . Whoever wishes may say three Our Fathers for my soul.”)
Notes
- ISBN 0313327076.
- ISBN 0-313-32707-6.
- ^ Goez, Beatrix, p. 12; Kagay and Villalon, Crusaders, p.358
- ^ Goez, Beatrix, pp. 14ff.
- ^ Goez, Beatrix, p. 16
- ^ a b The Reform of the Church, J.P. Whitney, The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. V, ed. J.R. Tanner, C.W. Previte-Orton, Z.N. Brooke, (Cambridge University Press, 1968), 31.
- ^ Goez, Beatrix, p. 20
- ^ Goez, Beatrix, p. 22.
- ^ ISBN 0313291977.
- ^ Creber, 'Women at Canossa,' pp. 10-12.
- ^ Goez, Beatrix, p. 32.
- ^ Goez, Beatrix, p. 235; Lazzari, 'Matilda of Tuscany'.
- ^ Bertolini, 'Beatrice di Lorena'
Sources
- Lexikon des Mittelalters: Beatrix von Ober-Lothringen, Markgräfin von Tuszien. (in German)
- M.G. Bertolini, Beatrice di Lorena, marchesa e duchessa di Toscana in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani 7 (1970).
- A. Creber, ‘‘Women at Canossa. The Role of Royal and Aristocratic Women in the Reconciliation between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV of Germany,’’ in V. Eads and T. Lazzari, eds., Matilda 900: Remembering Matilda of Canossa Wide World, a special edition of Storicamente 13 (2017), article no. 13, pp. 1–44 (Open Access).
- E. Goez, Beatrix von Canossa und Tuszien. Eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte des 11. Jahrhunderts (Sigmaringen, 1995).
- Gregorovius, Ferdinand. Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1. 1905.
- Kagay & Villalon (2003). Crusaders, Condottieri, and Cannon: Medieval Warfare in Societies around the Mediterranean. Koninklijke Brill NV.
- T. Lazzari, ‘Matilda of Tuscany: New Perspectives about Her Family Ties,’ in V. Eads and T. Lazzari, eds., Matilda 900: Remembering Matilda of Canossa Wide World, a special edition of Storicamente 13 (2017), article no. 28, pp. 1–26 (Open Access).
External links
- Women's Biography: Beatrice of Lorraine, duke of Tuscany, contains several letters sent and received by Beatrice.
- Beatrix von Oberlothringen, Markgräfin von Tuszien (in German)