Beatrix Potter
Beatrix Potter | |
---|---|
Born | Helen Beatrix Potter 28 July 1866 West Brompton, London, England |
Died | 22 December 1943 (aged 77) Near Sawrey, Lancashire, England |
Occupation | Children's author and illustrator |
Notable works | The Tale of Peter Rabbit |
Spouse |
William Heelis (m. 1913) |
Relatives | Edmund Potter (grandfather) |
Helen Beatrix Potter (/ˈbiːətrɪks/ BEE-ə-triks;[1] 28 July 1866 – 22 December 1943) was an English writer, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist. She is best known for her children's books featuring animals, such as The Tale of Peter Rabbit, which was her first commercially published work in 1902. Her books, including 23 Tales, have sold more than 250 million copies.[2][3] An entrepreneur, Potter was a pioneer of character merchandising.[4] In 1903, Peter Rabbit was the first fictional character to be made into a patented stuffed toy, making him the oldest licensed character.[5]
Born into an upper-middle-class household, Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children. She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District, developing a love of landscape, flora and fauna, all of which she closely observed and painted. Potter's study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of mycology. In her thirties, Potter self-published the highly successful children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit. Following this, Potter began writing and illustrating children's books full-time.
Potter wrote over sixty books, with the best known being her twenty-three children's tales. With the proceeds from the books and a legacy from an aunt, in 1905 Potter bought Hill Top Farm in Near Sawrey, a village in the Lake District. Over the following decades, she purchased additional farms to preserve the unique hill country landscape. In 1913, at the age of 47, she married William Heelis, a respected local solicitor with an office in Hawkshead. Potter was also a prize-winning breeder of Herdwick sheep and a prosperous farmer keenly interested in land preservation. She continued to write, illustrate, and design merchandise based on her children's books for British publisher Warne until the duties of land management and her diminishing eyesight made it difficult to continue.[6]
Potter died of
Biography
Early life
Potter's family on both sides were from the Manchester area.[7] They were English Unitarians,[8] associated with dissenting Protestant congregations, influential in 19th century Britain, that affirmed the oneness of God and that rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. Potter's paternal grandfather, Edmund Potter, from Glossop in Derbyshire, owned what was then the largest calico printing works in England, and later served as a Member of Parliament.[9]
Potter's father, Rupert William Potter (1832–1914), was educated at
Potter's parents lived comfortably at 2 Bolton Gardens, West Brompton, London, where Helen Beatrix was born on 28 July 1866 and her brother Walter Bertram on 14 March 1872.[13] The house was destroyed in the Blitz. Bousfield Primary School now stands where the house once was. A blue plaque on the school building testifies to the former site of the Potter home.[14] Both parents were artistically talented,[15] and Rupert was an adept amateur photographer.[16][17] Rupert had invested in the stock market, and by the early 1890s, he was extremely wealthy.[18]
Beatrix Potter was educated by three governesses, the last of whom was Annie Moore (née Carter), just three years older than Potter, who tutored Potter in German as well as acting as lady's companion.[19] She and Potter remained friends throughout their lives, and Annie's eight children were the recipients of many of Potter's picture letters. It was Annie who later suggested that these letters might make good children's books.[20]
She and her younger brother Walter Bertram (1872–1918) grew up with few friends outside their large extended family. Her parents were artistic, interested in nature, and enjoyed the countryside. As children, Potter and Bertram had numerous small animals as pets which they observed closely and drew endlessly. In their schoolroom, Potter and Bertram kept a variety of small pets—mice, rabbits, a hedgehog and some bats, along with collections of butterflies and other insects—which they drew and studied.
At about the age of 14, Potter began to keep a diary, written in a simple substitution cipher of her own devising. Her Journal was important to the development of her creativity, serving as both sketchbook and literary experiment. In tiny handwriting, she reported on society, recorded her impressions of art and artists, recounted stories and observed life around her.[30] The Journal, deciphered and transcribed by Leslie Linder in 1958, does not provide an intimate record of her personal life, but it is an invaluable source for understanding a vibrant part of British society in the late 19th century. It describes Potter's maturing artistic and intellectual interests, her often amusing insights into the places she visited, and her unusual ability to observe nature and to describe it. Started in 1881, her journal ends in 1897 when her artistic and intellectual energies were absorbed in scientific study and in efforts to publish her drawings.[31] Precocious but reserved and often bored, she was searching for more independent activities and wished to earn some money of her own while dutifully taking care of her parents, dealing with her especially demanding mother,[32] and managing their various households.
Scientific illustrations and work in mycology
In the Victorian era, women of her class were privately educated and rarely went to university. Potter's parents encouraged her higher education, but the social norms of the time limited her academic career within Britain's institutions.[33]
Beatrix Potter was interested in every branch of natural science except
Rebuffed by
Artistic and literary career
Potter's artistic and literary interests were deeply influenced by fairy tales and fantasy. She was a student of the classic fairy tales of Western Europe as well as stories from the
The
In her teenage years, Potter was a regular visitor to the art galleries of London, particularly enjoying the summer and winter exhibitions at the
As a way to earn money in the 1890s, Potter printed
Whenever Potter went on holiday to the Lake District or Scotland, she sent letters to young friends, illustrating them with quick sketches. Many of these letters were written to the children of her former governess Annie Carter Moore, particularly to Moore's eldest son Noel, who was often ill. In September 1893, Potter was on holiday at Eastwood in Dunkeld, Perthshire. She had run out of things to say to Noel, and so she told him a story about "four little rabbits whose names were Flopsy, Mopsy, Cottontail and Peter". It became one of the most famous children's letters ever written and the basis of Potter's future career as a writer-artist-storyteller.[57]
In 1900, Potter revised her tale about the four little rabbits, and fashioned a dummy book of it – it has been suggested, in imitation of
On 2 October 1902,
The immense popularity of Potter's books was based on the lively quality of her illustrations, the non-didactic nature of her stories, the depiction of the rural countryside, and the imaginative qualities she lent to her animal characters.[63][64]
Potter was also a canny businesswoman. As early as 1903, she made and patented a
In 1905, Potter and
Country life and marriage
The tenant farmer John Cannon and his family agreed to stay on to manage the farm for her while she made physical improvements and learned the techniques of
"Hill Top is to be presented to my visitors as if I had just gone out and they had just missed me."
—Statement by Potter in her will to the National Trust.[68]
Owning and managing these working farms required routine collaboration with the widely respected William Heelis. By the summer of 1912, Heelis had proposed marriage and Potter had accepted; although she did not immediately tell her parents, who once again disapproved because Heelis was only a country solicitor. Potter and Heelis were married on 15 October 1913 in London at St Mary Abbots in Kensington.[71] The couple moved immediately to Near Sawrey, residing at Castle Cottage, the renovated farmhouse on Castle Farm, which was 34 acres (14 ha) large. Hill Top remained a working farm but was now remodelled to allow for the tenant family and Potter's private studio and workshop. At last her own woman, Potter settled into the partnerships that shaped the rest of her life: her country solicitor husband and his large family, her farms, the Sawrey community and the predictable rounds of country life. The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck and The Tale of Tom Kitten are representative of Hill Top Farm and her farming life and reflect her happiness with her country life.[72]
Rupert Potter died in 1914, and with the outbreak of World War I, Potter persuaded her mother to move to the Lake District, renting her a property in Sawrey. Finding life in Sawrey dull, Helen Potter soon moved to Lindeth Howe (now a 34-bedroomed hotel), a large house the Potters had previously rented for the summer in Bowness, on the other side of Lake Windermere.[73] Potter continued to write stories for Frederick Warne & Co and fully participated in country life. She established a Nursing Trust for local villages and served on various committees and councils responsible for footpaths and other rural issues.[74]
Sheep farming
Soon after acquiring Hill Top Farm, Potter became keenly interested in the breeding and raising of Herdwick sheep, the indigenous fell sheep. In 1923 she bought a large sheep farm in the Troutbeck Valley called Troutbeck Park Farm, formerly a deer park, restoring its land with thousands of Herdwick sheep. This established her as one of the major Herdwick sheep farmers in the county. She was admired by her shepherds and farm managers for her willingness to experiment with the latest biological remedies for the common diseases of sheep, and for her employment of the best shepherds, sheep breeders, and farm managers.[75]
By the late 1920s, Potter and her Hill Top farm manager Tom Storey had made a name for their prize-winning Herdwick flock, which took many prizes at the local agricultural shows, where Potter was often asked to serve as a judge. In 1942 she became President-elect of the Herdwick Sheepbreeders' Association, the first time a woman had been elected, but died before taking office.[76]
Welsh language
In one of her diary entries whilst travelling through Wales, Potter complained about the Welsh language. She wrote "Machynlleth, wretched town, hardly a person could speak English", continuing "Welsh seem a pleasant intelligent race, but I should think awkward to live with... the language is past description."[77][78]
Lake District conservation
Potter had been a disciple of the land conservation and preservation ideals of her long-time friend and mentor, Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley, the first secretary and founding member of the National Trust.[79] According to the National Trust, "she supported the efforts of the National Trust to preserve not just the places of extraordinary beauty but also those heads of valleys and low grazing lands that would be irreparably ruined by development." Potter was also an authority on the traditional Lakeland crafts and period furniture,[80] as well as local stonework. She restored and preserved the farms that she bought or managed, making sure that each farm house had in it a piece of antique Lakeland furniture. Potter was interested in preserving not only the Herdwick sheep but also the way of life of fell farming.[81] In 1930 the Heelises became partners with the National Trust in buying and managing the fell farms included in the large Monk Coniston Estate.[82]
The estate was composed of many farms spread over a wide area of north-western Lancashire, including the Tarn Hows. Potter was the de facto estate manager for the Trust for seven years until the National Trust could afford to repurchase most of the property from her. Potter's stewardship of these farms earned her full regard, but she was not without her critics, not the least of which were her contemporaries who felt she used her wealth and the position of her husband to acquire properties in advance of their being made public. She was notable in observing the problems of afforestation, preserving the intact grazing lands, and husbanding the quarries and timber on these farms. All her farms were stocked with Herdwick sheep and frequently with Galloway cattle.[83]
Later life
Potter continued to write stories and to draw, although mostly for her own pleasure. In 1922, Cecily Parsley's Nursery Rhymes, a collection of traditional English nursery rhymes, was published. Her books in the late 1920s included the semi-autobiographical The Fairy Caravan, a fanciful tale set in her beloved Troutbeck fells. It was published only in the US during Potter's lifetime, and not until 1952 in the UK. Sister Anne, Potter's version of the story of Bluebeard, was written for her American readers, but illustrated by Katharine Sturges. A final folktale, Wag by Wall, was published posthumously by The Horn Book Magazine in 1944. Potter was a generous patron of the Girl Guides, whose troops she allowed to make their summer encampments on her land, and whose company she enjoyed as an older woman.[84]
Potter and William Heelis enjoyed a happy marriage of thirty years, continuing their farming and preservation efforts throughout the hard days of World War II. Although they were childless, Potter played an important role in William's large family, particularly enjoying her relationship with several nieces whom she helped educate, and giving comfort and aid to her husband's brothers and sisters.[85]
Potter died of complications from
Legacy
Potter left almost all the original illustrations for her books to the National Trust. The copyright to her stories and merchandise was then given to her publisher Frederick Warne & Co, now a division of the Penguin Group. On 1 January 2014, the copyright expired in the UK and other countries with a 70-years-after-death limit. Hill Top Farm was opened to the public by the National Trust in 1946; her artwork was displayed there until 1985 when it was moved to William Heelis's former law offices in Hawkshead, also owned by the National Trust as the Beatrix Potter Gallery.[87]
Potter gave her folios of mycological drawings to the
Beatrix Potter was the first to recognise that content—as we now call the stuff that makes up a book or a film—was only the beginning. In 1903, Peter hopped outside his pages to become a patented soft toy, which gave him the distinction of being not only Mr. McGregor‘s mortal enemy, but also becoming the first licensed character.
In 1903, Potter created the first
The largest public collection of her letters and drawings is the Leslie Linder Bequest and Leslie Linder Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. (Linder was the collector who—after five years of work—finally transcribed Potter's early journal, originally written in code.) In the United States, the largest public collections are those in the Rare Book Department of the Free Library of Philadelphia, and the Cotsen Children's Library at Princeton University.[92]
In 2015 a manuscript for an unpublished book was discovered by Jo Hanks, a publisher at Penguin Random House Children's Books, in the Victoria and Albert Museum archive. The book
In 2017, The Art of Beatrix Potter: Sketches, Paintings, and Illustrations by Emily Zach was published after San Francisco publisher Chronicle Books decided to mark the 150th anniversary of Beatrix Potter's birth by showing that she was "far more than a 19th-century weekend painter. She was an artist of astonishing range."[97]
In December 2017, the asteroid
Analysis
There are many interpretations of Potter's literary work, the sources of her art, and her life and times. These include critical evaluations of her corpus of children's literature and Modernist interpretations of Humphrey Carpenter and Katherine Chandler. Judy Taylor, That Naughty Rabbit: Beatrix Potter and Peter Rabbit (rev. 2002) tells the story of the first publication and many editions.[100]
Potter's country life, her farming and role as a landscape preservationist are discussed in the work of Matthew Kelly, The Women Who Saved the English Countryside (2022).
Potter's work as a scientific illustrator and her work in mycology are discussed in Linda Lear's books Beatrix Potter: A Life in Nature (2006)[103] and Beatrix Potter: The Extraordinary Life of a Victorian Genius (2008).[104][105]
Adaptations
In 1971, a ballet film was released, The Tales of Beatrix Potter, directed by Reginald Mills, set to music by John Lanchbery with choreography by Frederick Ashton, and performed in character costume by members of the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera House orchestra.[106] The ballet of the same name has been performed by other dance companies around the world.[107]
In 1992, Potter's children's book The Tale of Benjamin Bunny was featured in the film Lorenzo's Oil.[108]
Potter is also featured in Susan Wittig Albert's series of light mysteries called The Cottage Tales of Beatrix Potter. The first of the eight-book series is Tale of Hill Top Farm (2004), which deals with Potter's life in the Lake District and the village of Near Sawrey between 1905 and 1913.[109]
In film
In 1982, the BBC produced The Tale of Beatrix Potter. This dramatization of her life was written by John Hawkesworth, directed by Bill Hayes, and starred Holly Aird and Penelope Wilton as the young and adult Potter, respectively. The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends, a TV series based on nine of her twenty-four stories, starred actress Niamh Cusack as Beatrix Potter.[110]
In 1993, Weston Woods Studios made an almost hour non-story film called "Beatrix Potter: Artist, Storyteller, and Countrywoman" with narration by Lynn Redgrave. In 2006, Chris Noonan directed Miss Potter, a biographical film of Potter's life focusing on her early career and romance with her editor Norman Warne. The film stars Renée Zellweger as Beatrix Potter, Ewan McGregor as Norman Warne, and Emily Watson as Warne's sister.[111]
On 9 February 2018, Columbia Pictures released Peter Rabbit, directed by Will Gluck, based on the work by Potter.[112] The character Bea, played by Rose Byrne, is a re-imagined version of Potter.[113] A sequel to the film titled Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway was released in 2021.[114]
On 24 December 2020, Sky One premiered Roald & Beatrix: The Tail of the Curious Mouse, a made-for-television drama film inspired by the true story of a six-year-old Roald Dahl meeting his idol Potter.[115][116][117] Set in 1922, the movie was written by Abigail Wilson, directed by David Kerr and starred Dawn French as Beatrix Potter, Rob Brydon as William Heelis and Jessica Hynes as Sofie Dahl. Filming took place in Wales, the birthland of Dahl, French and Brydon. This production incorporates live action, stop motion and puppetry. The DVD was released on 26 April 2021.[118]
Publications
The 23 Tales
- The Tale of Peter Rabbit (privately printed, 250 copies, 1901)
- The Tale of Peter Rabbit (1902)
- The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin (1903)
- The Tailor of Gloucester (1903)
- The Tale of Benjamin Bunny (1904)
- The Tale of Two Bad Mice (1904)
- The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle (1905)
- The Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan (1905)
- The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher (1906)
- The Story of a Fierce Bad Rabbit (1906)
- The Story of Miss Moppet (1906)
- The Tale of Tom Kitten (1907)
- The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck (1908)
- The Tale of Samuel Whiskers or, The Roly-Poly Pudding (1908)
- The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies (1909)
- The Tale of Ginger and Pickles (1909)
- The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse (1910)
- The Tale of Timmy Tiptoes (1911)
- The Tale of Mr. Tod (1912)
- The Tale of Pigling Bland (1913)
- Appley Dapply's Nursery Rhymes (1917)
- The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse (1918)
- Cecily Parsley's Nursery Rhymes (1922)
- The Tale of Little Pig Robinson (1930)
Other books
- Peter Rabbit's Painting Book (1911)
- Tom Kitten's Painting Book (1917)
- Jemima Puddle-Duck's Painting Book (1925)
- Peter Rabbit's Almanac for 1929 (1928)
- The Fairy Caravan (1929)
- Sister Anne (illustrated by Katharine Sturges) (1932)
- Wag-by-Wall (decorations by J. J. Lankes) (1944)
- The Tale of the Faithful Dove (illustrated by Marie Angel) (1955, 1970)
- The Sly Old Cat (written 1906; first published 1971)
- The Tale of Tuppenny (illustrated by Marie Angel) (1973)
- The Tale of Kitty-in-Boots (2016)[94] (Illustrated by Quentin Blake.)
- Red Riding Hood (2019) (Illustrated by Helen Oxenbury.)
References
- ^ "Free online Dictionary of English Pronunciation – How to Pronounce English words". howjsay.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
- ^ "Leap Into the Surprising, Art-Filled Life of Beatrix Potter in a New Exhibition". Smithsonian. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ "Introducing Beatrix Potter". V&A Museum. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ a b "How Beatrix Potter Invented Character Merchandising". Smithsonian. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ a b c "Peter Rabbit blazed a trail still well trod". The Times. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ a b Eccleshare, Julia (22 April 2002). "Peter Rabbit Turns 100". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 10
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 9
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 10–14
- ^ a b Walker, Tim (22 July 2014). "Mandrake-The Duchess of Cambridge is related to Potter, who once gave the Middleton family her own original hand-painted illustrations". The Daily Telegraph. London. p. 8. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
- ^ Taylor, Judy (1996). "Beatrix Potter – Artist, Storyteller". Frederick Warne. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ Evening Mail, NW (21 July 2014). "Cumbria author Beatrix Potter link to Prince George revealed". North-West Evening Mail. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 13–24
- ^ "Beatrix Potter's London". Londonist.com. 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 21
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 35–36
- ^ Rupert Potter was a member of the Photographic Society, later Royal Photographic Society from 1869 until 1912. Information from Michael Pritchard, Director-General / www.rps.org Archived 2 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, 13 May 2014.
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 19. Rupert came into his father's estate over the course of several years, 1884, 1891 and 1905. The Potters were comfortable but they did not live exclusively on inherited wealth; Lane, (1946) The Tale of Beatrix Potter 1946, p. 1
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 55
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 142; Lane, 1978, The Magic Years of Potter Potter. Lane depicts Potter's childhood as much more restricted than either or Potter's two later biographers. Taylor, Beatrix Potter: Artist Story Teller, Ch 1.; Lear, 2007, pp. 25–48; Beatrix Potter, The Journal of Beatrix Potter: From 1881–1897.
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 31, pp. 37–44, p. 458nn15
- ^ Judy Taylor, Joyce Irene Whalley, Anne Stevenson Hobbs and Elizabeth Battrick, (1987) Beatrix Potter, 1866–1943: The Artist and Her World, pp.9–17, 35–48; Lear, pp. 25–48.
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 26–8, 51
- ^ "V&A · Beatrix Potter's first sketchbook, aged 8". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 51–2
- ^ Potter, The Journal, 1885–1897
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 52–3
- ^ "Lingholm given grade II historic listing by English Heritage". The Lingholm Estate. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013.
- ^ Historic England, "Lingholm (1413920)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 10 May 2023
- ^ Lear 2007, pp.49–51 cf. also p. 463nn1
- ^ Potter, "The Journal, 1885–1897"
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 94 also cf. p. 474nn55
- ^ Taylor, Artist, Storyteller, pp. 59–61; Elizabeth E. Battrick, (1999) Beatrix Potter: The Unknown Years; Lynn Barber, (1980) The Heyday of Natural History, Brian Gardiner, "Breatrix Potter's Fossils and Her Interests in Geology", The Linnean, 16/1 (January 2000), 31–47; Lear 2007, pp. 76–103; Potter, Journal, 1891–1897.
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 98
- ^ Brian G. Gardiner, "Beatrix Potter's fossils and her interest in Geology," The Linnean: Newsletter and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 16/1 (January 2000), pp. 31–47
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 81–103
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 117
- ^ M.A. Taylor and R.H. Rodger, eds. (2003) A Fascinating Acquaintance: Charles McIntosh and Beatrix Potter; Taylor, et al. (1987) Artist and Her World, pp. 71–94; Lear 2007, pp. 104–129; Nicholas P. Money, "Beatrix Potter, Victorian Mycologist", Fungi. 2:4 (Fall 2009); Roy Watling, "Helen Beatrix Potter: Her interest in fungi", The Linnean: Newsletter and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 16/1 (January 2000), pp. 24–31.
- ^ "Beatrix Potter and the Linnean Society". Linnean Society. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 104–25
- ^ Watling, Roy (January 2000). "Helen Beatrix Potter: Her interest in fungi" (PDF). The Linnean: Newsletter and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. pp. 24–31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2013.
- ^ Walter Philip Kennedy Findlay, (1967) Wayside & Woodland Fungi
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 125, p.482nn58
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 30–1
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 95. She liked to memorise his plays by heart.
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 35. Beatrix said she learnt to read "on" Scott
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 34
- ^ Lear 2007, p.131. She began eight Uncle Remus drawings in the same year 1893 she began writing the Peter Rabbit picture letters to Noel Moore, completing the last in 1896.
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 33
- ^ "The Toads' Tea Party". V&A Museum. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 127–8
- ^ Taylor, et al., The Artist and her World, pp. 49–70; Potter, Journal, 1884–1897; Humphrey Carpenter (1985), Secret Gardens: The Golden Age of Children's Literature.
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 47-8. J. M. W. Turner was the first artist to impress her.
- ^ Taylor, Artist, Storyteller, pp. 70–95; Taylor, ed. 1989, Beatrix Potters Letters.
- ^ "Christmas cards designed by a young Beatrix Potter to go on display". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ Taylor, et al. 1987, pp. 107–148; Katherine Chandler, "Thoroughly Post-Victorian, Pre-Modern Beatrix." Children's Literature Quarterly. 32(4): 287–307.
- ^ Judy Taylor 1992, Letters to Children from Beatrix Potter.
- ^ Stevenson, Laura C. "A Vogue for Small Books": The Tale of Peter Rabbit and its Contemporary Competitors" [1] Archived 22 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 144–7
- ^ Hobbs 1989, p. 15
- ^ Taylor 1996, p. 76
- ^ Judy Taylor 2002, That Naughty Rabbit: Beatrix Potter and Peter Rabbit; Lear 2007, pp. 207–247; Anne Stevenson Hobbs, ed. 1989, Beatrix Potter's Art: Paintings and Drawings.
- ISBN 0415943523. Archivedfrom the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ]
- ^ See Judy Taylor 2002, "That Naughty Rabbit"
- ^ Lear 2007, pp.198- 201
- ^ Lear 2007, p. 207
- ^ a b "Beatrix Potter's Hill Top house, the Lakes: 'It feels like a game of Potter I-spy' – review". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Williams, Francesca (13 November 2013). "Peter Rabbit: Why the Japanese love Beatrix Potter". BBC. BBC News. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
- ^ Taylor, ed., (2002) Beatrix Potter's Letters; Hunter Davies, Beatrix Potter's Lakeland; W.R. Mitchell, Potter: Her Life in the Lake District.
- ISBN 978-1-78497-563-0.
- ^ John Heelis, (1999) The Tale of Mrs William Heelis – Beatrix Potter; Lear, Ch. 13.
- ISBN 978-1604693638.
- ^ Taylor et al. The Artist and Her World, pp. 185–194; Taylor, Artist Storyteller, pp. 105–144.
- ^ William Rollinson, (1981) How They Lived in the Lake District; Susan Denyer, 1993 Herdwick Sheep Farming; Geoff Brown, (2009) Herdwicks: Herdwick Sheep and the English Lake District; Judy Taylor, ed., (1998) Beatrix Potter's Farming Friendship. Lake District Letters to Joseph Moscrop, 1926–1943.
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 381–404
- ^ "Keeping up with the Joneses". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ "The Journal of Beatrix Potter from 1881 to 1897", By Beatrix Potter, Transcribed by Leslie Linder (Published by Warne, 1989)
- ^ "Who was Hardwicke Drummond Rawnsley?". National Trust. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-312-37796-0.
- ^ Lear, Linda. "Beatrix Potter: A Life in Nature". www.bpotter.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ "Walk in Beatrix Potter's footsteps". National Trust. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ "Photograph of the Month - October 2013". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Jane Morse, ed., (1982) Beatrix Potter's Americans: Selected Letters; Susan Denyer, (2000) At Home with Beatrix Potter: The Creator of Peter Rabbit.
- ^ Heelis, Mrs. William Heelis; Taylor, ed., Beatrix Potter's Letters.
- ^ Lear 2007, pp. 405–440; Taylor, ed., Beatrix Potter's Letters; Taylor, et al., The Artist and Her World.
- ^ Bruce L. Thompson, 'Beatrix Potter's Gift to the Public'. Country Life (3 March 1944), 370–371; Taylor, et al., The Artist Storyteller, Ch. 6; Lear 2007, pp. 441–447.
- ^ "British Museum – Google Arts & Culture". britishmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
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- ^ a b "Royal Mint: Beatrix Potter's Peter Rabbit on new 50p coin". BBC.co.uk. BBC News. 29 February 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Four coins will be made featuring different characters from her stories, and a special collector's 50p coin showing a colour image of Peter Rabbit will also be released.
- ^ a b "Beatrix Potter story Kitty-in-Boots discovered after 100 years". BBC News. BBC. 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ^ Jones, Bryony (26 January 2016). "Long-lost Beatrix Potter tale, 'Kitty-in-Boots,' rediscovered". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
- ^ "Beatrix Potter's Peter Rabbitt and Mrs Tiggy-Winkle on anniversary stamps". BBC News. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
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- ^ "V&A · Beatrix Potter: Drawn to Nature - Exhibition at South Kensington". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
- ^ Taylor, et al., (2009) The Artist and Her World. Considers Potter's career and life in chapters arranged thematically; The Pitkin Guide to Beatrix Potter.
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- ISBN 9780199563449. Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
- ^ "Tales of Beatrix Potter". Internet Ballet Database. Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
- ^ "Lorenzo's Oil (1992) – Full Credits". TCMDB. TCM.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
- ^ "Cottage Tales". Susan Wittig Albert. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
- ISBN 978-0786433056.
- ^ Puig, Claudia (29 December 2009). "'Miss Potter' draws on enchantment". USA Today.
- ^ Debruge, Peter (18 February 2018). "Film Review: 'Peter Rabbit'". Variety. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
- ^ Shepherd, Jack (23 March 2018). "Rose Byrne talks Peter Rabbit, Beatrix Potter, and working with CGI". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ "Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway". Flicks.com.au. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ^ "First look at Roald & Beatrix starring Dawn French with special cameo from Bill Bailey, 17 November 2020". Radio Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "When is Roald and Beatrix: The Tail of the Curious Mouse on TV?, 30 November 2020". Radio Times. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "Roald & Beatrix is a slow-burning, yet heart-warming Christmas tonic for fans of all ages, 24 December 2020". Radio Times. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "Roald & Beatrix - The Tail of the Curious Mouse". HMV. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
Further reading
Letters, journals and writing collections
- Potter, Beatrix (1982). Jane Crowell Morse (ed.). Beatrix Potter's Americans: Selected Letters. The Horn Book, Inc. ISBN 978-0-87675-282-1.
- Potter, Beatrix (1992). Judy Taylor (ed.). Beatrix Potter's Letters. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-3437-1.
- Potter, Beatrix (1992). Judy Taylor (ed.). Letters to Children from Beatrix Potter. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-4195-9.
- Potter, Beatrix (1977). Margaret Crawford Maloney (ed.). Dear Ivy, Dear June: Letters from Beatrix Potter. Toronto Public Library. ISBN 978-0-8037-2050-3.
- Potter, Beatrix. (rev. 1989). The Journal of Beatrix Potter, 1881–1897, transcribed from her code writings by Leslie Linder. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-3625-2
- Potter, Beatrix (1987). Leslie Linder (ed.). A History of the Writings of Beatrix Potter. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-3562-0.
Art studies
- Hobbs, Anne Stevenson (1989). Beatrix Potter's Art. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 0-7232-3598-8.
- Hobbs, Anne Stevenson (1990). Beatrix Potter's Art. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-3598-9.
- Hobbs, Anne Stevenson (2005). Beatrix Potter: Artist and Illustrator. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-5700-4.
- Jay, Eileen, Mary Noble & Anne Stevenson Hobbs (1992). A Victorian Naturalist: Beatrix Potter's Drawings from the Armitt Collection. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-3990-1.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Taylor, Judy, Joyce Irene Whalley, Anne Stevenson Hobbs & Elizabeth M. Battrick (1987). Beatrix Potter, 1866–1943: The Artist and Her World. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-3561-3.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
Biographical studies
- Mainetti, Riccardo (2021). Finding Beatrix Potter. flower-ed. ISBN 9788885628915.
- Battrick, Elizabeth (1999). Beatrix Potter: The Unknown Years. Armitt Library and Museum and F.Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-4608-4.
- Delaney, Frank (23 July 2014). "The Tale of Beatrix Potter". The Public Domain Review. 4 (15). Retrieved 23 July 2014.
This year (2014), the works of one of the most successful and universal writers of all time came into the public domain in many countries around the world.
- Denyer, Susan (2000). Beatrix Potter: At Home with Beatrix Potter: The Creator of Peter Rabbit. Harry Abrams. ISBN 978-0-7112-3018-7.
- ISBN 9781909881808.
- Heelis, John (1999). The Tale of Mrs William Heelis – Beatrix Potter. Sutton Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7509-3432-9.
- Kelly, Matthew (2022). The Women Who Saved the English Countryside. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-27039-6.
- Lane, Margaret (2001). The Tale of Beatrix Potter: A Biography (Revised ed.). F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-4676-3.
- Lane, Margaret (1978). The Magic Years of Beatrix Potter. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-2108-1.
- Lear, Linda (2007). Beatrix Potter: A Life in Nature. St. Martin's. ISBN 978-0-312-36934-7.
- Lear, Linda (2008). Beatrix Potter: The Extraordinary Life of a Victorian Genius. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-100310-8.
- MacDonald, Ruth K (1986). Beatrix Potter. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8057-6917-3.
- Mitchell, W.R. (2010). Beatrix Potter: Her Lakeland Years. Great Northern Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905080-71-7.
- Taylor, Judy (1996). Beatrix Potter: Artist, Storyteller and Countrywoman (Revised ed.). F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-4175-1.
- Taylor, Judy (2002). That Naughty Rabbit: Beatrix Potter and Peter Rabbit. F. Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-4767-8.
- Taylor, Judy, ed. (1993). 'So I Shall Tell You a Story...': Encounters with Beatrix Potter. F.Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0-7232-4025-9.
- Taylor, Judy. "Potter, (Helen) Beatrix (1866–1943)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 13 July 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2007.
External links
- Works by Beatrix Potter in eBook form at Standard Ebooks
- Beatrix Potter's fossils and her interest in geology – B. G. Gardiner
- Works by Beatrix Potter at Project Gutenberg
- Works by Beatrix Potter at Faded Page (Canada)
- Works by or about Beatrix Potter at Internet Archive
- Works by Beatrix Potter at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Beatrix Potter Archived 2 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine at the Encyclopedia of Fantasy
- Collection of Potter materials at Victoria and Albert Museum
- Beatrix Potter online feature at the University of Pittsburgh School of Information Sciences
- Beatrix Potter Society, UK
- Exhibition of Beatrix Potter's Picture Letters at the Morgan Library
- Beatrix Potter Collection (digitized images from the Free Library of Philadelphia)