Bebnum
| Bebnum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babnum, Bebnem, Babnem | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC (Ryholt) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Anati Djedkare (Ryholt and von Beckerath) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | uncertain, unknown (Ryholt) or Nebmaare (von Beckerath) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | uncertain dynasty, most likely 14th Dynasty, otherwise 16th Dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bebnum (also Babnum) is a poorly known ruler of
Chronological position
According to Jürgen von Beckerath he was the 14th king of the 16th Dynasty and a vassal of the Hyksos kings of the 15th Dynasty.[1] This opinion was recently rejected by Kim Ryholt. In his 1997 study of the Second Intermediate Period, Ryholt argues that the kings of the 16th Dynasty ruled an independent Theban realm c. 1650–1580 BC.[2] Consequently, Ryholt sees Bebnum, who bears a Semitic name, as the 34th king of the 14th Dynasty which regroups kings of Canaanite descent. As such Bebnum would have ruled from Avaris over the eastern Nile Delta concurrently with the Memphis-based 13th Dynasty. This analysis has convinced some Egyptologists, such as Darrell Baker and Janine Bourriau,[3][4] but not others including Stephen Quirke.[5]
Attestation
Bebnum is only attested by an isolated fragment of the
References
- , p. 110–111
- ^ a b K.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, excerpts available online here.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 70–71
- ISBN 0-19-280458-8, [1]
- ISBN 978-9042922280, p. 56, n. 6