Beclometasone

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Beclometasone dipropionate
)

Beclometasone
Clinical data
Trade namesQvar, Beconase AQ, others
Other namesBeclometasone dipropionate; beclomethasone dipropionate, beclomethasone (USAN US)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa681047
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration
Inhalation, nasal, topical
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S2 (Pharmacy medicine)
  • UK:
    General sales list
    (GSL, OTC)
  • US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityConverted to beclometasone-17-monopropionate (17-BMP) during absorption
Protein binding87% of 17-BMP to albumin and transcortin
MetabolismBy esterase enzymes found in most tissues
Elimination half-life2.8 hours
ExcretionBiliary (60%), renal (12%)
Identifiers
  • (8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-9-Chloro-11-hydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-17-[2-(propionyloxy)acetyl]-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl propionate
JSmol)
Melting point117 to 120 °C (243 to 248 °F) (dec.)
  • O=C(OCC(=O)[C@]3(OC(=O)CC)[C@]2(C[C@H](O)[C@]4(Cl)[C@@]/1(\C(=C/C(=O)\C=C\1)CC[C@H]4[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3C)C)C)CC
  • InChI=1S/C28H37ClO7/c1-6-23(33)35-15-22(32)28(36-24(34)7-2)16(3)12-20-19-9-8-17-13-18(30)10-11-25(17,4)27(19,29)21(31)14-26(20,28)5/h10-11,13,16,19-21,31H,6-9,12,14-15H2,1-5H3/t16-,19-,20-,21-,25-,26-,27-,28-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:KUVIULQEHSCUHY-XYWKZLDCSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Beclometasone or beclomethasone, also known as beclomethasone dipropionate, and sold under the brand name Qvar among others, is a steroid medication.[1] It is available as an inhaler, cream, pills, and nasal spray.[2] The inhaled form is used in the long-term management of asthma.[1] The cream may be used for dermatitis and psoriasis.[3] The pills have been used to treat ulcerative colitis.[4] The nasal spray is used to treat allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps.[5]

Common side effects with the inhaled form include

cataracts, Cushing's syndrome, and severe allergic reactions.[1] Long-term use of the pill form may cause adrenal insufficiency.[4] The pills may also cause mood or personality changes.[4] The inhaled form is generally regarded as safe in pregnancy.[6] Beclometasone is mainly a glucocorticoid.[1]

Beclomethasone dipropionate was first patented in 1962 and used medically in 1972.[7] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1976.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] In 2021, it was the 268th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.[9][10]

Side effects

Common side effects with the inhaled form include

cataracts, Cushing's syndrome, and severe allergic reactions.[1] Long-term use of the pill form may cause adrenal insufficiency.[4] The pills may also cause mood or personality changes.[4] The inhaled form is generally regarded as safe in pregnancy.[6]

Occasionally, it may cause a cough upon inhalation. Deposition on the tongue and throat may promote oral candidiasis, which appears as a white coating, possibly with irritation.[11][12][13] This may usually be prevented by rinsing the mouth with water after using the inhaler. Other

hoarseness or nasal congestion, pain or headache, and visual changes. Allergic
reactions may occur, but rarely.

Nasal corticosteroids may be associated with

Pharmacology

Beclometasone is mainly a glucocorticoid.[1] Glucocorticoids are corticosteroids that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor[15] that is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell. The activated glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid complex up-regulates the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus (a process known as transactivation) and represses the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the cytosol by preventing the translocation of other transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus (transrepression).[16]

Glucocorticoids are part of the feedback mechanism in the immune system which reduces certain aspects of immune function, such as inflammation.

Names

Beclometasone dipropionate is the

INN modified and beclomethasone dipropionate is the USAN and former BAN. It is a prodrug of the free form, beclometasone (INN). The prodrug beclometasone is marketed in Norway and Russia.[17][18][19][20][21]

Clenil, Qvar, Cortis are brandnames for the inhalers; Beconase, Alanase, Vancenase, Qnasl for the nasal spray or aerosol.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Beclomethasone Dipropionate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  2. ^ "List of products: Beclometasone dipropionate". MHRA. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  3. ^ "Beclometasone dipropionate 0.25 mg/g Cream" (PDF). MHRA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Clipper" (PDF). MHRA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  5. ^ "Beclomethasone Dipropionate eent". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  6. ^ .
  7. from the original on 8 December 2015.
  8. . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  9. ^ "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  10. ^ "Beclomethasone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  11. PMID 1259918
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  12. .
  13. .
  14. .
  15. .
  16. .
  17. .
  18. .
  19. from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  20. from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  21. ^ "Beclometasone". drugs.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2019.