Beerwolf
A Beerwolf (Bärwolf, Werwolf) is a German folk-tale monster[1] commonly known as a werewolf.
In a debate arranged by
The significance of the term lies in the fact that, for most of his life, Luther held that no subject could actively resist his secular ruler, an issue of obvious significance in a time when many rulers in the German lands and their respective subjects held competing religious beliefs. The concept of Beerwolf marked Luther's final, and most extreme, position on
The 1550 Magdeburg Confession included a Beerwolf clause that had to be fulfilled before an evil ruler could be resisted by the lesser magistrates.[5]
The concept of just rebellion that the term Beerwolf introduced was subsequently developed by fellow Protestants who faced a similar situation in France, the Huguenot Monarchomachs.
See also
- Right of rebellion
References
- ^ The European Reformation, Euan Cameron, p 354
- ^ "Disputation Concerning the Right to resist the Emperor (1539)" in European Reformations: Sourcebook by Carter Lindberg, page 150.
- JSTOR 2709257.; as specified in Luther's Collected Works, 39(ii) 41-42
- ^ Robert V. Friedeburg (Summer 2001). "In Defense of Patria: Resisting Magistrates and the Duties of Patriots in the Empire from the 1530s to the 1640s". Sixteenth Century Journal. 32 (2): 257–382.
- ^ Whitford, David, Tyranny and Resistance: The Magdeburg Confession and the Lutheran Tradition, 2001, 144 pages