Bagram
Bagram
بگرام بګرام | |
---|---|
Town | |
Coordinates: 34°56′25″N 69°15′18″E / 34.9403°N 69.2550°E | |
Country | Afghanistan |
Province | Parwan |
District | Bagram |
Elevation | 4,882 ft (1,488 m) |
Time zone | +04:30 |
History of Afghanistan | |
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Timeline | |
410–557 | |
Nezak Huns | 484–711 |
Bagram (
Climate
According to the
Climate data for Bagram | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
11.1 (52.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
29.6 (85.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
18.7 (65.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
11.3 (52.3) |
17.4 (63.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
20.7 (69.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
6.3 (43.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
12.0 (53.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.5 (16.7) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.6 (63.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
5.3 (41.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 50 (2.0) |
72 (2.8) |
73 (2.9) |
51 (2.0) |
23 (0.9) |
6 (0.2) |
2 (0.1) |
1 (0.0) |
3 (0.1) |
9 (0.4) |
20 (0.8) |
29 (1.1) |
339 (13.3) |
Source: Climate-Data.org[4] |
History
Ancient history
The ancient city of
While the
Bagram became the capital of the Kushan Empire in the first century. The "Bagram treasure" as it has been called, is indicative of intense commercial exchanges between all the cultural centers of the classical time, with the Kushan empire at the junction of the land and sea trade between the east and west. However, the works of art found in Bagram, such as the Begram ivories, are either quite purely Greek, Roman, Chinese or Indian, with only little indications of the cultural syncretism found in Greco-Buddhist art.
Islamic conquest
The
Recent history
Bagram hosts the strategic Bagram Airfield, from which most US air activity in Afghanistan took place. The runway was built in 1976, and it was a Soviet air base from 1979 to 1989. There was also a Provincial Reconstruction Team when the US were present in Afghanistan and implemented their counter-insurgency strategy.[7]
Bagram is also the location of the Parwan Detention Facility; this detention facility was the last prison in Afghanistan under management of the US. It was handed back to the Afghan government on 25 March 2013.[8] The detention centre had earlier come into the attention of the news media as it was claimed that prisoners were tortured (see the article Bagram torture and prisoner abuse). At the time of the hand-over of the facility, human-rights groups like Amnesty International have raised concerns about the treatment of prisoners there.[8]
On December 21, 2015, Bagram was the site of a
On July 1, 2021, US troops departed from the air base, abandoning the outpost over to the Afghan government after 20 years. According to the Afghan commander at the time, the US evacuated the base during the night without any previous official notice to the Afghan army.[10]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ Climate-Data.org, "Elevation: Bagram". Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Cunningham (1871), pp. 16-27
- ^ "Bagram Air Base in Parvan Province, Afghanistan". Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Climate: Bagram — Climate-Data.org". Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ISBN 9789386407818. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ISBN 0712358706, 9780712358705
- ^ "Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs)". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
- ^ a b Aljazeera news: US hands over Bagram prison to Afghanistan, 25 March 2013
- ^ Popalzai, Masoud; Starr, Barbara (21 December 2015). "6 U.S. troops killed in motorcycle bomb attack in Afghanistan, officials say". CNN. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
- ^ "US left Bagram Airbase at night with no notice, Afghan commander says". BBC. 6 July 2021. Retrieved 2022-06-16.
References
- The Ancient Geography of India. I. The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang. Alexander Cunningham. Trübner and Co., London. Complete and unabridged reprint (2006): Low Price Publications, Delhi.
- Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul (2008). Eds., Friedrik Hiebert and Pierre Cambon. National Geographic, Washington, D.C. ISBN 978-1-4262-0374-9.
External links
- Map of Bagram and the surrounding area Archived 2011-06-15 at the Wayback Machine, Afghanistan Information Management Service (AIMS)
- Human Rights First; Undue Process: An Examination of Detention and Trials of Bagram Detainees in Afghanistan in April 2009 (2009)
- Human Rights First; Arbitrary Justice: Trial of Guantánamo and Bagram Detainees in Afghanistan (2008)