Belfry of Ghent
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Belfry of Ghent, beside cloth hall and (smaller) Mammelokker | |
| Official name | Belfort, Lakenhal en Mammelokker (ancienne prison) |
| Location | Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium |
| Part of | Belfries of Belgium and France |
| Criteria | Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
| Reference | 943bis-008 |
| Inscription | 1999 (23rd Session) |
| Extensions | 2005 |
| Area | 0.182 ha (0.45 acres) |
| Buffer zone | 700 ha (1,700 acres) |
| Coordinates | 51°3′14″N 3°43′31″E / 51.05389°N 3.72528°E |
  Location of Belfry of Ghent in Belgium | |
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The Belfry of Ghent (
Construction history
Construction of the tower began in 1313 after a design by master mason Jan van Haelst. His plans are still preserved in the Ghent City Museum. After continuing intermittently through wars, plagues and political turmoil, the work reached completion in 1380. It was near the end of this period that the gilded dragon, brought from Bruges,[5] assumed its place atop the tower. The uppermost parts of the building have been rebuilt several times, in part to accommodate the growing number of bells.
The local architect
Role of the belfry
Through the centuries, the belfry served not only as a
The bells in the belfry originally only served a religious purpose. Gradually the bells got a secular role by regulating daily life in the growing medieval city. The alarm bell Roland (an Anglicization of the Dutch name Roeland), which was installed in the Belfry in 1325, was also used as the hourly bell from 1378 onwards. The hourly chime was preceded by warning signals on three smaller bells with various tones. This was the predecessor of the carillon. The carillon was built by the famous bellfounders Pieter and François Hemony in the 17th century and has a total weight of 30 tons. The carillon gradually expanded to 53 bells after its restoration in 1982. In 1993 another bell, called Robert, with a clear sound was added to the carillon.[7]
The primary bell in the tower, called Roland, was also used to warn the citizens of Ghent of an approaching enemy or a battle won.[5] After subduing Ghent, which had risen up against him, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ordered the removal of Roland.[5] Henry Wadsworth Longfellow referred to Roland in his poem The Belfry of Bruges:
Till the bell of Ghent responded o'er lagoon and dike of sand,
I am Roland! I am Roland! there is victory in the land![8]
The bell is also the primary character in the city's anthem, in which the bell warns of fire or calls upon the citizens of Ghent to defend the land.
Cloth hall and Mammelokker
The rectangular hall adjoining the belfry was built to headquarter the affairs of the cloth trade that made the city rich during the Middle Ages. Inside, woollens were officially inspected and measured; transactions were negotiated. As the cloth industry lost importance, the hall drew new occupants, including a militia guild and a fencing school. The cloth hall's construction started in 1425 and ended 20 years later, with only seven of eleven planned bays completed. In 1903, the structure was extended by four bays in accordance with the original plan.
A small annex dating from 1741, called the Mammelokker, served as the entrance and guard's quarters of the city jail that occupied part of the old cloth hall from 1742 to 1902. The name refers to the sculpture of Roman Charity poised high above the front doorway. It depicts the Roman legend regarding a prisoner called Cimon. Cimon was sentenced to death by starvation, but survived and ultimately gained his freedom thanks to his daughter Pero, a wet nurse who secretly breastfed him during her visits. Her act of selflessness impressed officials and won her father's release. The term 'mammelokker' translates as 'breast sucker'.[9]
See also
References
- ^ [1] The Journal Institute of Metals vol. X, London 1913
- ^ "Gand et Flandre : chroniques inédites, avec cartes, miniatures, monuments, armories, scels, et aultres choses historiques & tant curieuses". lib.ugent.be. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
- ^ Margarete Graf, Vlaanderen, ANWB Media - Boeken & Gidsen, 2005, p. 116 (in Dutch)
- ^ "World Heritage List | Belfries of Belgium and France". UNESCO. Retrieved 2014-03-31.
- ^ a b c d Dunton, Larkin (1896). The World and Its People. Silver, Burdett. p. 162.
- ^ De Inventaris van het Bouwkundig Erfgoed Parochiekerk Belfort (ID: 24555) (in Dutch)
- ^ a b "The Belfry of Ghent". Archived from the original on 2014-04-19. Retrieved 2014-03-31.
- ^ Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Belfry of Bruges, from: The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems 1845
- ^ Historiek van het Belfort van Gent Archived 2018-01-03 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch)
External links
- The Belfry, Cloth Hall, and Mammelokker, from the City of Ghent website