Belvedere Torso

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The Belvedere Torso
Saint Bartholomew is shown holding the knife of his martyrdom and his flayed skin. The figure's torso strongly echoes the Belvedere Torso. The model is thought to be Pietro Aretino
.

The Belvedere Torso is a 1.59-metre-tall (5.2 ft) fragmentary

Museo Pio-Clementino (Inv. 1192) of the Vatican Museums.[1]

Once believed to be a 1st-century BC original,[2] the statue is now thought to be a copy from the 1st century BC or AD of an older statue, probably to be dated to the early 2nd century BC.

Description

The muscular male figure is portrayed seated on an animal hide, and its precise identification remains open to debate. Though traditionally identified as a Heracles seated on the skin of the Nemean lion, recent studies[citation needed] have identified the skin as that of a panther, occasioning other identifications (with possibilities including Polyphemus and Marsyas).[3] According to the Vatican Museum website, "the most favoured hypothesis identifies it with Ajax, the son of Telamon, in the act of contemplating his suicide".[4]

History after rediscovery

The statue is documented in the collection of

Belvedere canonization," Leonard Barkan observed, "the Torso took a hundred years."[8]

The contorted pose and musculature of the

Martin van Heemskerck, c. 1532–1536, by Hendrick Goltzius, c. 1590; the Belvedere Torso entered the visual repertory of connoisseurs and artists unable to go to Rome through the engraving of it by Giovanni Antonio da Brescia, c. 1515.[12] The Belvedere Torso remains one of the few ancient sculptures admired in the 17th and 18th centuries whose reputation has not suffered in modern times.[13]

Several small bronze reductions of it were made during the 16th century,[14] often restoring it as a seated Hercules.[15]

The Belvedere Torso visited the British Museum for their 2015 exhibition on the human body in ancient Greek art.[16]

Gallery

  • Greek inscription on the pedestal
    Greek inscription on the pedestal
  • Front view showing pedestal, dark
    Front view showing pedestal, dark
  • Belvedere Torso, frontal view
    Belvedere Torso, frontal view
  • The Belvedere Torso, three-quarter view.
    The Belvedere Torso, three-quarter view.
  • Belvedere Torso, left side view
    Belvedere Torso, left side view
  • Belvedere Torso, rear view, sunlit
    Belvedere Torso, rear view, sunlit
  • Belvedere Torso, right side view
    Belvedere Torso, right side view
  • Belvedere Torso detail, abdomen
    Belvedere Torso detail, abdomen
  • Belvedere Torso (foreground at right) in a capriccio by Giovanni Paolo Panini.
    Belvedere Torso (foreground at right) in a capriccio by Giovanni Paolo Panini.
  • Drawing after the Belvedere Torso by Peter Paul Rubens, Rubenshuis (RH.S.109).
    Drawing after the Belvedere Torso by Peter Paul Rubens, Rubenshuis (RH.S.109).
  • Study after the Belevedere Torso by Peter Paul Rubens, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
    Study after the Belevedere Torso by Peter Paul Rubens, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Print of the Belvedere Torso; Domenico De Rossi, Raccolta del Scultore Antiche e Moderne. 1704. Engraving. Plate IX. 28 × 29 cm.
    Print of the Belvedere Torso; Domenico De Rossi, Raccolta del Scultore Antiche e Moderne. 1704. Engraving. Plate IX. 28 × 29 cm.
  • Michelangelo being Shown the Belvedere Torso, Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1849. Dahesh Museum of Art.
    Michelangelo being Shown the Belvedere Torso, Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1849. Dahesh Museum of Art.

Notes

  1. ^ "Belvedere Torso". britannica.com/. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  2. ^ Winckelmann dated it to about 200 BC, a Greek work that had been imported to Rome (Geschichte 1764:368ff).
  3. ^ Vinzenz Brinkmann: "Zurück zur Klassik." In: "Zurück zur Klassik. Ein neuer Blick auf das alte Griechenland." Hirmer, Munich 2013, pp. 55–57.
  4. ^ "The Belvedere Torso". www.museivaticani.va.
  5. ^ a b Regoli, Gigetta Dalli; Gioseffi, Decio; Mellini, Gian Lorenzo; Salvini, Roberto (1968). Vatican Museums: Rome. Italy: Vatican.
  6. ^ Noted in Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, Taste and the Antique: the lure of classical sculpture, 1400–1900, 1981:311.
  7. ^ The earliest dated sketches show the right leg intact through the knee. The engraving by Giovanni Antonio da Brescia, c. 1515, through which it became widely known, showed it with its legs complete, an imaginary restoration, according to Leonard Barkan, Unearthing the Past: Archaeology and Aesthetics in the Making of Renaissance Culture (Yale University Press, 1999) p 193ff.
  8. ^ For its Renaissance career, see Barkan 1999:190ff.
  9. ^ Ulisse Aldrovandi published Michelangelo's admiration for the Torso in "Delle statue antiche..." in Lucio Mauro, Le Antichità della città di Roma, Venice, 1556 (Haskell and Penny 1981:312).
  10. ^ Edward Wright, Some Observations Made While Travelling through France, Italy &c... London, 1730, noted in Haskell and Penny 1981:313 note 25.
  11. ^ Regoli, Gigetta Dalli; Gioseffi, Decio; Mellini, Gian Lorenzo; Salvini, Roberto (1968). Vatican Museums: Rome. Italy: Newsweek. p. 25.
  12. ^ All illustrated by Leonard Barkan, Unearthing the Past: Archaeology and Aesthetics in the Making of Renaissance Culture (Yale University Press, 1999) ill. 3.79–85.
  13. ^ Noted by A. D. Potts, "Greek Sculpture and Roman Copies I: Anton Raphael Mengs and the Eighteenth Century", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 43 (1980:150–173) p. 150
  14. ^ Arvid Andrén, "Il torso del Belvedere", Opuscula Archaeologica, 7 (Lund, 1952)
  15. ^ For example a bronze statuette formerly in the von Pannwitz collection, by a follower of L'Antico (Diana M. Buitron, "The Alexander Nelidow: A Renaissance Bronze?" The Art Bulletin 55.3 (September 1973:393–400) p.398).
  16. ^ "British Museum borrows Belvedere Torso from Vatican for body exhibition". the Guardian. January 8, 2015.

External links

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