Belz
Belz
Белз | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 50°23′N 24°01′E / 50.38°N 24.02°E | |
Country | Ukraine |
Oblast | Lviv Oblast |
Raion | Chervonohrad Raion |
Hromada | Belz urban hromada |
Named for | See in article |
Government | |
• Mayor | Volodymyr Mukha |
Area | |
• Total | 5.85 km2 (2.26 sq mi) |
Elevation | 200 m (700 ft) |
Population (2022) | |
• Total | 2,191 |
• Density | 370/km2 (970/sq mi) |
Zip Code | 80065 |
Area code | +380 3257 |
Belz (
Origin of name
There are a few theories as to the origin of the name:
- Celtic – belz (water) or pelz (stream),
- German – Pelz/Belz (fur, furry)
- Old Slavic and the Boyko language– «белз» or «бевз» (muddy place),
- Old East Slavic – «бълизь» (white place, a glade in the midst of dark woods).
The name occurs only in two other places, the first being a Celtic area in antiquity, and the second one being derived from its Romanian name:
- Belz (department Morbihan), Brittany, France
- Bălți (Бельцы/Beljcy, also known in Yiddish as Beltz), Moldova (Bessarabia)
History
Duchy of Poland 970 - 981
Kievan Rus981-1018
Duchy of Poland 1018-1025
Kingdom of Poland1025-1031
Kievan Rus1031-1170
Duchy of Belz 1170-1234
Principality of Galicia–Volhynia1234-1340
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1340-1366
Kingdom of Poland1366-1377
Kingdom of Hungary 1378-1387
Kingdom of Poland1387-1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569-1772
Habsburg monarchy 1772-1804
Austrian Empire 1804-1867
Austria-Hungary 1867-1918
West Ukrainian People's Republic 1918-1919
Second Polish Republic 1919-1939
Nazi Germany 1939-1944
Polish People's Republic 1944-1951
Soviet Union 1951-1991
Ukraine 1991-present
Early history
Belz is situated in a fertile plain which tribes of
The town has existed at least since the 10th century as one of the
Belz was under Polish rule from 1366 to 1772, first as a fief, and since 1462 as the capital of a
In 1772, Belz was incorporated into the
Belz received a railway connection in 1884 with the opening of the railway line Jarosław–Kowel.[16]
Modern history
With the collapse of Austria-Hungary following World War I in November 1918, Belz was included in the
From 1919 to 1939 Belz was annexed to the
From 1939 to 1944 Belz was occupied by Germany as a part of the General Government. Belz is situated on left, north waterside of the Solokiya river (affluent of the Bug river), which was the German-Soviet border in 1939–1941. During the war, the delegation of the Hrubeshiv Ukrainian Relief Committee operated in the city.[18]
After the war Belz reverted to Poland (where it was again within the
Until 18 July 2020, Belz belonged to Sokal Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Sokal Raion was merged into Chervonohrad Raion.[19][20]
Jewish history
The Ashkenazi Jewish community in Belz was established circa 14th century. In 1665, the Jews in Belz received equal rights and duties.[21] The town became home to a Hasidic dynasty in the early 19th century.[22][23]
The
At the beginning of World War I, Belz had 6100 inhabitants, including 3600 Jews, 1600 Ukrainians, and 900 Poles.
Cultural trivia
The Yiddish song “Beltz, Mayn Shtetele” is a moving evocation of a happy childhood spent in a
Belz is also a very important place for
Literature – Belles-lettres: a poem Maria: A Tale of the Ukraine written by Antoni Malczewski, and a novel Starościna Bełska: opowiadanie historyczne 1770–1774 by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski.
Notable people
- Vsevolod Mstislavich of Volhynia, prince of Belz (1170–1196)
- Vasilko Romanovich, prince of Belz (1207–1211)
- Alexander Vsevolodovich, prince of Belz (1212–1234)
- Daniel of Galicia, prince of Belz (1234–1245)
- Lev I of Galicia, prince of Belz (1245–1264)
- Yuri I of Galicia, prince of Belz (1264–1301)
- Andrew of Galicia, prince of Belz (1308–1323)
- Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia, Polish–Lithuanian-Ruthenian prince of Belz (1323–1340)
- Yuri Narimuntovich (Jurgis Narimantaitis), Lithuanian, prince of Belz (1340–1377)
- Władysław Opolczyk, Silesian duke, Hungarian governor (1377–1378)
- Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, prince of Belz (1388–1426)
- Jaśko Mazowita, prefect of Belz (14th–15th centuries)
- Casimir II of Belz, prince of Belz (1434–1442)
- Jan Kamieniecki (1463–1513), starost of Belz
- Mikołaj Sieniawski (c. 1489–1569), voivode of Belz
- Jan Firlej (c. 1521–1574), voivode of Belz
- Jan Zamoyski (1542–1605), starost of Belz
- Rafał Leszczyński (1579–1636), voivode of Belz
- Jakub Sobieski (1580–1646), voivode of Belz
- Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki (1631–1682), voivode of Belz
- Marcin Zamoyski (c.1637–1689), starost of Belz
- Stefan Aleksander Potocki, voivode of Belz
- Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski (1666–1726), voivode of Belz
- Stanisław Mateusz Rzewuski (1642–1728), voivode of Belz
- Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki (1753–1805), starost of Belz
- Sholom Rokeach (1779–1855), the first Rebbe of Belz
- Malka Rokeach (1780–1853), the first rebbetzin of Belz
- Yehoshua Rokeach (1825–1894), the second Rebbe of Belz
- Yissachar Dov Rokeach (1854–1926), the third Rebbe of Belz
- Aharon Rokeach (1877–1957), the fourth Rebbe of Belz
- Mordechai Rokeach (1902–1949), rabbi of Bilgoraj, son of the third Belzer Rebbe, half-brother and spokesman for the fourth Rebbe and father of the fifth Rebbe
See also
References
- ^ "Белзькая городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, De Origine et situ Germanorum
- ^ Alexander Falileyev, Celto-Slavica. University of Ulster, 2004
- ^ "Hrubieszowskie w dobie panowania Gotów". Archived from the original on 2009-09-24. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
- ^ Andrzej Kokowski, Archeologia Gotów. Goci w Kotlinie Hrubieszowskiej, Lublin 1999
- ^ Kazimierz Godłowski, Z badań nad rozprzestrzenieniem się Słowian w V-VII w. n.e., Kraków 1979
- ISBN 978-0-8014-3977-3.
- ISBN 978-1-4381-2918-1.
- ^ Magdalena Mączyńska, Wędrówki Ludów. Kraków 1996
- ^ Constantino VII (Emperador de Bizancio), Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (Emperor of the East), Gyula Moravcsik. De Administrando Imperio -P.57
- ^ "Wyborcza.pl".
- ^ Under 981, the Primary Chronicle reports on Volodymyr's campaign against the Poles, which resulted in the capture of "their towns". In: S. Plokhy. "The origins of the Slavic nations: premodern identities in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus". Cambridge University Press, 2006. p. 57.
- ISBN 978-83-89188-87-8
- ^ Yehorova, Iryna. "Belz is 1,000 years old".
- ^ "ÖNB-ALEX - Reichsgesetzblatt 1849-1918". Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ISBN 0-7735-0828-7.
- ^ "Diasporiana Електронна бібліотека | Кубійович В. Українці в Ґенеральній Губернії 1939-1941". diasporiana.org.ua. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
- ^ Dr Fryderyk Papée, Zabytki przeszłości miasta Bełza. Lwów 1884
- Targum Press.
- ^ Yodlov, Yitshak Shlomo. "Sefer Yikhus Belz (The Lineage Book of the Grand Rabbis of Belz)".
- ^ Preface to the Divras Shlomo signed by the Belzer Rebbe, 1997
- ^ Dr Mieczysław Orłowicz. Ilustrowany Przewodnik po Galicyi. Lwów 1919.
- ^ Spector, Shmuel and Wigoder, Geoffrey, The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust, p. 105. NY:NYU Press 2001.
- Ami Living (87): 45. September 12, 2012.)
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(help - ^ The Black Madonna Archived January 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
- Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan National Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). "Chapter 11: Town Clips: Belz". Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories (PDF). Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p. 402. OCLC 607423469.
External links
- (in Polish) Bełz (Belz) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1880)
- Google location
- Blog for people who are researching ancestors in Belz
- Belz, Ukraine at JewishGen