Bendahara dynasty
House of Bendahara Wangsa Bendahara وڠسا بندهار | |
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The black flag of the Bendaharas | |
Country | Historical Johor Sultanate Pahang Kingdom Riau-Lingga Sultanate Current Pahang Terengganu Johor |
Founded | 1699 |
Founder | Abdul Jalil Shah IV |
Current head | Abdullah of Pahang |
Titles | |
Cadet branches | House of Temenggong |
The Bendahara dynasty (
The ascendancy of the family as a royal house began in the late 17th century, when the last ruler of Johor from Melaka dynasty, Mahmud Shah II died without a male heir. In 1699, the reigning Bendahara at that time, Tun Abdul Jalil was proclaimed Abdul Jalil Shah IV of Johor, beginning the consolidation of Bendahara rule in the sultanate, with different family members holding both the titles of Sultan and Bendahara, and later the title of Temenggong.[2]
At the same time, the state of Pahang was established as the special province, with successive Bendaharas ruling the state as their personal fief. In 1770, following the gradual dissolution of Johor empire, the state of Pahang was transformed into an autonomous kingdom under the grandson of Abdul Jalil IV, Tun Abdul Majid, whose descendants continued to rule Pahang until today. Another break-away state, the Riau-Lingga Sultanate was ruled by the descendants of Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah, a great great grandson of Abdul Jalil IV, until its dissolution in 1911. A cadet branch, the House of Temenggong, has been ruling the modern Johor, through the descendants of Temenggong Abdul Jamal, another grandson of Abdul Jalil IV.[3]
Another branch, the royal house of Terengganu represents one of the junior male lines of the Bendahara dynasty. In 1717, Tun Zainal Abidin, the younger brother of Abdul Jalil IV established control over Terengganu with the title of Maharaja. He secured the recognition as the first sultan of the state from his nephew Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah of Johor in 1725.[4]
History
In classical
The consolidation of Bendahara rule in the Johor Empire originated from the late 17th century. When
In 1717, Zainal Abidin, the younger brother of the Abdul Jalil Shah IV, established control over the eastern state of
The dismemberment of Johor Empire
During the reign of
On March 17, 1824, the Dutch and the British concluded the
In 1855, Sultan Ali ceded the sovereignty rights of
Family tree
The genealogy of Bendahara family is obtained through several sources, but the most important is the Malay Annals that provide the extensive account from the era of Singapura up until Johor. Of all of the Bendaharas that have served the courts of Singapura, Melaka and Johor, it was the ancestry of Tun Habib Abdul Majid that became highly controversial, considering his eminent role as the great ancestor of the ruling dynasties of Johor, Pahang and Terengganu. There are several sources that provide contradicting information about his ancestry, which can be found in at least four versions of genealogy.[12]
Among the sources include the Salasilah Muar compiled by R.O Winstedt in A History of Johore (1365-1895). According to this version, the current ruling house of Bendahara are the patrilineal descendants of the
Meanwhile in several versions of Malay Annals, Tun Habib Abdul Majid is identified as 'Tun Habab'[14] or 'Tun Habib'[15] the son Tun Mad Ali, who in turn the son of Tun Sri Lanang.[16][17] Tun Habib is described as still holding the title of 'Tun Pikrama' at the time the text was written. 'Tun Pikrama' is a title traditionally used for the future Bendahara.[18] This implies that Tun Habib Abdul Majid was the direct descendant of the House of Bendahara who have been traditionally inheriting the title of Bendahara in the administration of Singapura, Melaka and Johor.[19]
- B.S.M - Bendahara Seri Maharaja
- B.S.N.D - Bendahara Seri Nara Diraja
- B.S.R - Bendahara Sewa Raja
- B.P.R - Bendahara Paduka Raja
- B.P.T - Bendahara Paduka Tuan
- B.P.M - Bendahara Paduka Maharaja
- T.P.T - Temenggung Paduka Tuan
- T.S.M - Temenggung Seri Maharaja
- T.P.R - Temenggung Paduka Raja
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Notes
References
- ^ (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman 2002, p. 39
- ^ Trocki 2007, p. 22
- ^ Trocki 2007, p. 22
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 90
- ^ (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman 2002, p. 75
- ^ Linehan 1973, p. 52
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 82
- ^ Linehan 1973, p. 57
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 82
- ^ The Numismatic Circular (1970), pp. 47, 87
- ^ Burns, Wilkinson, Papers on Malay Subjects, p. 72 In the end they signed the treaty of AD 1855. They gave Tengku Ali the district of Muar to govern as Sultan of Muar; and they agreed to pay him and his...
- ^ Suzana Haji Othman 2018, pp. 138–152
- ^ Tun Suzana Tun Othman & Hj Muzaffar Dato' Hj Mohamad 2006, p. 197
- ^ Abdul Samad Ahmad 1979, p. 209
- ^ Ahmat Adam 2016, p. 277
- ^ Yusoff Iskandar & Aruna Gopinath 1992, p. 370
- ^ Suzana Haji Othman 2018, p. 142
- ^ Suzana Haji Othman 2018, p. 145
- ^ Yusoff Iskandar & Aruna Gopinath 1992, p. 370
- ^ Buyong Adil 1980, p. 139
- ^ Buyong Adil 1980, p. 141
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 71
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 72
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 70
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 72
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 89
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