Benigno Aquino III

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This article is about the 15th Philippine president. For other people of the same name, see Benigno Aquino.
"PNoy" redirects here. Not to be confused with Pinoy.

In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Cojuangco and the surname or paternal family name is Aquino.

His Excellency
Benigno S. Aquino III
KGCR
Official portrait, 2010
15th President of the Philippines
In office
June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016
Vice PresidentJejomar Binay
Preceded byGloria Macapagal Arroyo
Succeeded byRodrigo Duterte
Secretary of the Interior and Local Government
In office
June 30, 2010 – July 9, 2010
Preceded byRonaldo Puno
Succeeded byJesse Robredo
Senator of the Philippines
In office
June 30, 2007 – June 30, 2010
Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
In office
November 8, 2004 – February 21, 2006
SpeakerJose de Venecia Jr.
Preceded byRaul M. Gonzalez
Succeeded bySimeon Datumanong
Member of the House of Representatives from Tarlac's 2nd district
In office
June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2007
Preceded byJose Yap
Succeeded byJose Yap
Personal details
Born
Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III

(1960-02-08)February 8, 1960
Benigno Aquino Jr.
  • Corazon Aquino
    • Relatives
    Alma materAteneo de Manila University (AB)
    Signature
    Nickname(s)PNoy, Noynoy
    This article is part of
    a series about
    Benigno Aquino III
    National policy
    Foreign policy
    Early political career
    Life and politics

    Benigno Simeon Aquino III

    Benigno Aquino Jr. and 11th President of the Philippines Corazon Aquino, he was a fourth-generation politician as part of the Aquino family of Tarlac
    .

    Benigno Aquino III previously served as a member of the House of Representatives and Senate from 1998 to 2010, and also as a deputy speaker of the House of Representatives from 2004 to 2006. On September 9, 2009, shortly after the death of his mother, he announced his candidacy in the 2010 presidential election, which he eventually won. He was sworn into office as the 15th president of the Philippines on June 30, 2010, succeeding Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.[12][6]

    Under

    Philippines v. China, before the Permanent Court of Arbitration in an attempt to invalidate China's claims in the South China Sea and assert the Philippines' claims in the area; the court ruled in favor of the Philippines.[16] His term ended on June 30, 2016, and he was succeeded by Rodrigo Duterte
    .

    After leaving office, Aquino was the subject of legal actions over his role in the Mamasapano clash and for approval of a controversial budget project;[17][18] he was later acquitted of all charges filed against him regarding the Mamasapano incident.[19] Aquino died from diabetic kidney disease on June 24, 2021, at age 61.

    Early life and education

    Noynoy Aquino was born as Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III

    Benigno Aquino Jr., who was then the vice governor of Tarlac, and Corazon Cojuangco, daughter of prominent Tarlac businessman José Cojuangco. He has four sisters, namely: Maria Elena, Aurora Corazon, Victoria Elisa, and actress Kristina Bernadette. He attended the Ateneo de Manila University in Quezon City for his elementary, high school, and college education.[7]

    Aquino finished his Bachelor of Arts (major in economics) degree from the Ateneo in 1981.[12][7] Former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, his eventual predecessor, was one of his professors at the university.[22]

    In September 1972, his father, a senator and prominent opposition leader to President Ferdinand Marcos, was arrested for subversion.[8] In August 1973, Aquino's father was brought before a military tribunal in Fort Bonifacio.[8]

    In 1980, after a series of heart attacks, Aquino's father was allowed to seek medical treatment in the United States, where Aquino's family began a period of self-exile in Boston. After graduating, Aquino joined his family there in 1981.[23]

    Aquino campaigning with his mother, Corazon, during the 1986 presidential elections

    In 1983, after three years in exile in the United States, Aquino's family returned to the

    assassination of his father on August 21, 1983.[7] He had a short tenure as a member of the Philippine Business for Social Progress, working as an assistant of the executive director. He later joined Mondragon Industries Philippines, Inc. as an assistant retail sales supervisor and Nike Philippines as an assistant promotions manager.[7]

    From 1986 to 1992, during the presidency of his mother, Aquino joined the Intra-Strata Assurance Corporation, a company owned by his uncle Antolin Oreta Jr., as vice president.[7]

    On August 28, 1987, eighteen months into the presidency of Aquino's mother, rebel soldiers led by

    unsuccessful coup attempt, attempting to lay siege to Malacañang Palace.[23] Aquino was two blocks from the palace when he came under fire. Three of Aquino's four security escorts were killed, and the last was wounded protecting him.[24] He himself was hit by five bullets, once in the neck.[24]

    From 1993 to 1998, he worked for Central Azucarera de Tarlac, the sugar refinery in the Cojuangco-owned Hacienda Luisita.[25] He was employed as the executive assistant for administration from 1993 to 1996 and subsequently worked as manager for field services from 1996 to 1998.[7]

    Congressional career

    Aquino was a fourth-generation politician: his great-grandfather, Servillano "Mianong" Aquino, served as a delegate to the Malolos Congress; his paternal grandfather, Benigno Aquino Sr., served as Speaker of the National Assembly from 1943 to 1944; his maternal grandfather, José Cojuangco, was also a member of the House of Representatives; and his parents were Corazon Aquino, who served as the 11th president of the Philippines (1986–1992), and Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.[26][23] Aquino was a member of the Liberal Party,[26] where he held various positions such as secretary general and vice president for Luzon.[27]

    House of Representatives (1998–2007)

    Aquino became a deputy speaker of the House of Representatives on November 8, 2004, but relinquished the post on February 21, 2006, when Aquino joined his Liberal Party Drilon wing members in calling for the resignation of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo at the height of the Hello Garci scandal.[12][28]

    Aquino was also

    Chairman of the Board of the Central Luzon Congressional Caucus.[28]

    Senate (2007–2010)

    Barred from running for re-election to the

    Jesus Is Lord Church, one of the largest Protestant churches in the Philippines.[29][30][31] With more than 14.3 million votes, Aquino's tally was the sixth highest of the 37 candidates for the 12 vacant seats elected from the nation at large. Aquino assumed his new office on June 30, 2007.[12]

    During the campaign, Aquino reached out to his former political rival, Senator

    Cebu Daily News
    , on March 5, 2007:

    "I endorse Honasan's request for bail para parehas ang laban [to even out the playing field]. I was hit by bullets from Honasan's men in the neck and hips but that's past now. The principle of my father was, 'Respect the rights even of your enemies.' Ito ang nagpatingkad ng demokrasya [This is what defines democracy]. Genuine reconciliation is democracy in action."[32]

    Aquino was referring to an unsuccessful coup attempt staged by rebel soldiers led by Gregorio Honasan on August 28, 1987, in which Aquino was seriously injured.[32]

    Senate bills

    The Budget Impoundment and Control Act (Senate Bill No. 3121), wherein "impoundment" refers to the power of the president to refuse the release of funds appropriated by the Congress of the Philippines, is another bill Aquino was proud of;[33][unreliable source?] he regretted,[33] however, that such power has been used and abused by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, a result of which abuse has been the significant emasculation of Congress' ability to check the president's authority.[34] Aquino filed this bill so that the president would have to pass a measure through Congress every time that they the chief executive had the impetus to impound part of the budget.[34]

    Another significant Aquino contribution to the Philippines' corruption problem was Senate Bill 2035, which is the Preservation of Public Infrastructures bill, seeking to raise standards in the construction of all public infrastructures by penalizing contractors of defective infrastructures.[35] The bill also requires the Bureau of Maintenance under the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) to conduct periodic inspections of public infrastructures.[35]

    Aquino also pushed for the passage of the Amending the Government Procurement Act (SB 2160), which applies to all government procurement activities regardless of source of funds whether local or foreign; only treaties or international/executive agreements entered into by the government prior to its enactment shall be exempt from coverage.[36] The bill was filed in light of the Department of Justice (DOJ) declaration regarding the validity of the NBN–ZTE deal corruption scandal, wherein its international aspect, as well as the fact that it was an executive agreement, was cited as one reason for its exemption from the procurement process stipulated in Republic Act No. 9184.[36]

    Focusing further on accountability in government appropriations and spending, Aquino filed other reform-oriented bills, among which were Philippine National Police reform;[37] the banning of reappointment to the Judicial and Bar Council;[38] and the prevention of reappointment and bypassing of the Commission on Appointments.[39]

    2010 presidential campaign

    Main articles: 2010 Philippine presidential election and Benigno Aquino III 2010 presidential campaign
    2010 Philippine electoral vote results
    Map of dignitaries who attended Aquino's inauguration

    On November 26, 2008, the Liberal Party elected Mar Roxas, president of the Liberal Party, as the standard-bearer of the Liberal Party for President of the Philippines in the then-upcoming 2010 presidential elections.[40]

    Following the death and funeral of Aquino's mother, former President Corazon Aquino, many people began calling on Aquino to run for President of the Philippines.[12] This groundswell of support became known as the "Noynoy Phenomenon".[41]

    On August 27, 2009, Edgardo "Eddie" Roces, son of the late Chino Roces, publisher and owner of The Manila Times, and a group of lawyers and activists formed the Noynoy Aquino for President Movement (NAPM), a nationwide campaign to collect a million signatures in order to persuade Aquino to run for president,[42] reminiscent of Roces' father, who on October 15, 1985, launched the Cory Aquino for President Movement (CAPM), collecting more than one million signatures nationwide and asking Aquino's mother to run against Ferdinand Marcos in the 1986 presidential snap elections.[43]

    On September 1, 2009, at the Club Filipino, in a press conference, Senator Mar Roxas, president of the Liberal Party, announced his withdrawal from the 2010 presidential race and expressed his support for Aquino, as the party standard-bearer instead.[44] Aquino later stood side by side with Roxas, but did not make a public statement at the press conference.[26] The next day, Aquino announced that he would be going on a "spiritual retreat" over the weekend to finalize his decision for the elections, visiting the Carmelite sisters in Zamboanga City,[12] reminiscent of his mother's own soul-searching in 1985 before deciding to run for the elections the following year.[45] He came back on September 9 to formally announce his candidacy.[12][46] Almost two weeks later, Roxas pledged to run alongside Aquino as the Liberal Party standard-bearer for vice-president.[47][48] The two men filed their respective certificates of candidacy for president and vice-president on November 28, 2009.[49]

    Fake

    clinical psychologist at the Ateneo de Manila University, taken when Aquino was finishing his bachelor's degree in economics at the university in 1979.[51] It reportedly showed that Aquino suffered from depression and melancholia;[52] the priest later denied writing the document at all.[51] Another supposed psychiatric report that later surfaced claimed that Aquino suffered from major depressive disorder; the report's supposed author, Jesuit priest Father Carmelo A. Caluag II, denied writing any evaluations of Aquino.[51] The university's psychology department later debunked the documents, with Aquino labelling them as another desperate effort by rivals to malign his reputation.[51]

    During the campaign,

    PDP–Laban standard-bearer Jejomar Binay, for Vice President, launching the Aquino–Binay campaign.[53]

    On June 9, 2010, at the Batasang Pambansa Complex, in Quezon City, the Congress of the Philippines proclaimed Aquino as the president-elect of the Philippines,[12][13] following the 2010 election with 15,208,678 votes,[12][14] while Jejomar Binay, the former mayor of Makati, was proclaimed as the vice president-elect of the Philippines with 14,645,574 votes,[54] defeating runner-up for the vice presidency Mar Roxas, the standard-bearer of the Liberal Party for vice president.[55]

    Presidency (2010–2016)

    Main article: Presidency of Benigno Aquino III
    See also: List of international presidential trips made by Benigno Aquino III and Noynoying
    Presidential styles of
    Benigno Aquino III
    Reference style
    		His Excellency[12]
    Spoken styleYour Excellency
    Alternative styleMr. President
    Aquino takes the oath of office as the 15th president of the Philippines before Associate Justice Conchita Carpio-Morales at the Quirino Grandstand on June 30, 2010.

    Early years

    The presidency of Benigno Aquino III began at noon on June 30, 2010, and became the

    fifteenth president of the Philippines, succeeding Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. From the start of his presidency on, he was also referred to in the media as PNoy.[56][57][58][11]

    The

    Bahay Pangarap, the first president to do so, instead of the Malacañang Palace, which has been the official residence of his predecessors.[59]

    President Aquino at work

    Aquino announced the formation of a

    Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. as commission head.[60]

    Aquino took the

    fifteenth president of the Philippines, succeeding Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Aquino delivered his inaugural address.[12][6]

    Aquino with US President Barack Obama and Vietnamese President Nguyễn Minh Triết at a working lunch with leaders of the ASEAN around the United Nations General Assembly Meeting in New York City in 2010.

    During Aquino's

    K–12 education, a 12-year basic education cycle.[64]

    Domestic policy

    No wang wang policy

    During the inaugural address, Aquino created the "no

    ambulances.[57][65] Despite having the privilege of using wang-wang as president, Aquino refrained from using sirens to set up an example for his policy, even if it means being stuck in traffic and being late every now and then.[67][68] After the inaugural address, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority began to enforce Aquino's no wang-wang policy, confiscating wang-wang from public officials and private motorists who illegally used them.[65]

    Bangsamoro peace process

    Aquino resumed stalled peace talks with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), a rebel group in Mindanao seeking self-determination for Moros. He met with the MILF in Tokyo, Japan in August 2011 to initiate peace talks which resulted to the signing of the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro between the Philippine government and the rebel group the following year. The agreement started the process of replacing the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) with a new political entity. In 2014, the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB) was signed between the Philippine government and the MILF, with the deal characterized as a "final peace agreement" between the two parties.[69]

    The CAB paved way for the drafting of the

    Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL; later known as the Bangsamoro Organic Law or BOL), a charter for a proposed Bangsamoro autonomous region which would replace the ARMM.[69]

    In 2015, President Aquino was accused of evading responsibility for the Mamasapano clash, a botched police operation, which resulted to the death of 44 Special Action Force officers. He was also criticized for entrusting the operation to suspended police chief Alan Purisima.[70] This led to a decrease of public support for the BBL.[71]

    Education

    Aquino introduced reforms on the Philippine education program by introducing the

    K-12 curriculum by signing into law the Enhanced Basic Education Act in 2013. This added two years to the basic education system; which became known as the Senior High School stage.[72] The program was introduced because the Philippines was among the three countries in the world at that time still had a 10-year basic education program.[73] Among the criticisms of the K-12 program is the associated costs to be shouldered by teachers, parents, and students for the additional two years of basic education as well as the lack of classrooms and teachers required for the implementation of the shift to K-12.[72]

    Foreign policy

    Benigno Aquino III is noted for his confrontational foreign policy against

    2012 standoff with China over the dispute feature.[74][75] He is also responsible for instituting the term "West Philippine Sea" in 2012 for the eastern parts of the South China Sea which the Philippines claims to be part of its exclusive economic zone.[76]

    Administration and cabinet

    Main article: Presidency of Benigno Aquino III § Administration and cabinet

    Judicial appointments

    Aquino appointed the following to the Supreme Court of the Philippines:

    Criticism

    Manila hostage crisis

    On August 23, 2010, in front of the

    Hong Kong residents who died during the crisis.[86][87] On August 25, 2010, at a press conference in Malacañang, Aquino apologized to those offended when he was caught on television apparently smiling while being interviewed at the crime scene hours after the Manila hostage crisis.[88]
    Aquino said:

    "My smile might have been misunderstood. I have several expressions. I smile when I'm happy, I smile when I'm faced with a very absurd situation...and if I offended certain people, I apologize to them. It's more of an expression maybe of exasperation rather than anything and again, I apologize if I offended certain people, who misunderstood (my) facial expression."[88]

    On September 3, 2010, Aquino took responsibility for the crisis.[89] Aquino actually has direct supervision of the Philippine National Police, since Aquino had asked Secretary of the Interior and Local Government Jesse Robredo to address other concerns, such as coming up with a comprehensive plan on delivering social services to and relocating informal settlers in coordination with the local governments.[89] No formal apology for the crisis was made by Aquino until President Rodrigo Duterte formally apologized in 2018 as president of the Republic of the Philippines and in behalf of the people of the Philippines.[90]

    Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

    President Aquino's administration was criticized during and after Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in November 2013 for the government's "slow" response to aid the victims.[9] This criticism resulted in countries like Canada providing humanitarian aid to the victims of the typhoon through non-governmental organizations and not the Philippine government.[91]

    Noynoying

    Main article: Noynoying

    Noynoying (pronounced noy-noy-YING[92] or noy-NOY-ying[93]) was a protest tactic in the form of a neologism that Aquino's critics used to question his work ethic, alleging his inaction on the issues of disaster response and rising oil prices.[93] A play on the term planking and Aquino's nickname, Noynoying involved posing in a lazy manner, such as sitting idly while resting his head on one hand, and doing nothing.[93]

    Post-presidency (2016–2021)

    Outgoing President Benigno Aquino III (right) and President-elect Rodrigo Duterte ahead of Duterte's inauguration on June 30, 2016.

    Following the turnover ceremonies to his successor

    Ferdinand Marcos regime.[97][98]

    Legal charges

    In July 2017, criminal charges were filed against Aquino for usurpation of authority under the

    presidential spokesperson Abigail Valte said that Aquino planned to file a motion for reconsideration to appeal the charges.[19] In 2018, Aquino was indicted in a $1.35-billion criminal case involving a congressional approval to use state funds on major government projects.[99] On August 22, 2019, the Sandiganbayan dropped the charges against Aquino upon request from Ombudsman Samuel Martires, citing the rule that no president can be charged of inducing subordinates to follow orders.[100][101]

    Personal life

    Aquino never married and had no children, making him the Philippines' first bachelor president.[102] Aquino previously had a relationship with Shalani Soledad, a Valenzuela metropolitan councilor and niece of former Senator Francisco Tatad.[103][104] In November 2010, Aquino confirmed that he and Soledad had ended their relationship.[105] He had previously dated Korina Sanchez,[103] Bernadette Sembrano,[103] and Liz Uy.[105][106] He was also in a relationship with Korean television host Grace Lee.[107] Aquino had openly stated that he preferred younger women because he wanted to have children.[108]

    Aquino was an enthusiast of

    alcoholic beverages[62] but was a chain smoker.[112] He said that he was not keen on being a poster boy for anti-smoking campaigns.[113] Upon winning the election, Aquino received a phone call from U.S. President Barack Obama, who congratulated him and offered assistance to smoking cessation.[114][115]

    Although his official residence as president was

    Bahay Pangarap (House of Dreams), located within the Palace grounds, while in office.[59][116]

    Illness and death

    Public wake for Aquino at the Church of the Gesù in Quezon City.

    Speculation surrounding Aquino's health began circulating in August 2019 after he was unable to attend the commemoration of his late father's 36th death anniversary; however, his spokesperson Abigail Valte said that his illness then was "nothing serious".[117] In November 2019, Aquino was reported to have suffered from pneumonia.[118] A month after, he was confined at Makati Medical Center for an executive checkup and undisclosed routine procedures. Aquino was confined in an intensive care unit, although according to his spokesperson, he was never in critical condition and the accommodation was just to limit visitors.[119][120] Senator Francis Pangilinan, who was Aquino's former food security czar, later stated that this confinement was due to a kidney malfunction. Pangilinan added that Aquino had also been suffering from hypertension and diabetes.[121] Thereafter, Aquino regularly sought medical treatment for his condition.[122] By May 2021, Aquino told Camille Elemia of Rappler that he was experiencing a loss of appetite and breathing difficulties. That same month, he reportedly underwent a cardiac surgery.[123]

    In the early hours of June 24, 2021, Aquino was found by his maidservant lying unconscious on his recliner at his home in West Triangle, Quezon City. He was immediately transported by ambulance to the nearby Capitol Medical Center in Diliman, where he was pronounced dead at 6:30 a.m. (PHT), that day (22:30 UTC of the previous day).[4] The cause of death was stated as renal disease, secondary to diabetes.[5][124] According to his personal chauffeur, Aquino was scheduled to undergo dialysis on June 21, but refused because he felt that his body was "weak". Another dialysis was planned the day prior to his death, but Aquino again turned it down for similar reasons.[125] Aquino's former public works secretary, Rogelio Singson, stated that he also underwent angioplasty to prepare for a scheduled kidney transplantation; Aquino was in the process of searching for donors at the time of his death.[121]

    His remains were cremated on the day of his death and his ashes were buried adjacent to that of his parents at the Manila Memorial Park in Parañaque on June 26, making him the first Philippine president to have been cremated. Three Masses were held on June 25–26 at the Church of the Gesù at his alma mater, the Ateneo de Manila University, where a public viewing was also held.[126] Then newly-installed Manila Archbishop Jose Advincula blessed his remains, while his funeral mass was presided over by Lingayen–Dagupan Archbishop Socrates Villegas (who also presided the requiem mass for Aquino's mother in 2009 when Villegas was Bishop of Balanga), with Caloocan Bishop Pablo Virgilio David concelebrating.

    A few hours after the announcement of Aquino's death, President Rodrigo Duterte declared a ten-day "period of national mourning" from June 24 to July 3. All national flags were flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning.[127]

    The funeral rites of Aquino were covered by Radyo Katipunan, the radio arm of his alma mater, for the wake and Radio Television Malacañang for his burial.[128]

    Approval ratings

    SWS Net satisfaction ratings of Benigno Aquino III (September 2010–June 2016)[129]
    Date Rating
    Sep 2010 +60
    Nov 2010 +64
    Mar 2011 +51
    Jun 2011 +46
    Sep 2011 +56
    Dec 2011 +58
    Mar 2012 +49
    May 2012 +42
    Aug 2012 +67
    Dec 2012 +55
    Mar 2013 +59
    Jun 2013 +64
    Sep 2013 +49
    Dec 2013 +49
    Mar 2014 +45
    Jun 2014 +25
    Sep 2014 +34
    Dec 2014 +39
    Mar 2015 +11
    Jun 2015 +30
    Sep 2015 +41
    Dec 2015 +32
    Apr 2016 +27
    Jun 2016 +29
    Average +45

    Honors and awards

    Foreign honors

    National Honors

    Honorary degrees

    President Aquino during his conferment ceremony at Fordham University, New York on September 2011

    Recognitions

    See also

    Notes

    1. ^ Diokno's ancestor is Demetria Sumulong who was born in Antipolo before moving south, her common ancestor with Aquino is Francisco Sumulong (born 1695).[1][2][3]
    2. ^ Short for President Noynoy and a word play on Pinoy, the informal demonym referring to the Filipino people.[9][10][11]

    References

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    2. ^ Dulay, Toti (2012). "Chapter 3 : Marikina". Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
    3. ^ "The Sauza-Berenguer de Marquina Official Website". Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
    4. ^ a b "Former Philippines President Benigno 'Noynoy' Aquino dies at 61". Japan Today. June 24, 2021. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
    5. ^ a b Morales, Neil; Lema, Karen (June 24, 2021). "Ex-Philippine President Benigno Aquino dies of renal failure at 61". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
    6. ^
      GMA News Online. June 15, 2010. Archived from the original
      on March 17, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
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    8. ^ a b c "NINOY'S LETTER TO NOYNOY". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2016 – via PressReader.
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    10. GMA News Online. August 6, 2010. Archived from the original
      on March 17, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
    11. ^
      GMA News Online. September 28, 2010. Archived from the original
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    12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Official Program Aquino Inaugural (Excerpts)". Archived from the original on February 12, 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
    13. ^ a b c "Aquino promises justice as Philippines president". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. June 9, 2010. Archived from the original on June 15, 2010.
    14. ^ a b c "Congress final tallies". Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 8, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010.
    15. ^ "Rising tiger Philippines posts some of the world's fastest growth". Bloomberg News. January 26, 2017. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
    16. ^ a b Solomon, Feliz (June 24, 2021). "Benigno Aquino III, Former Philippine President Who Resisted China, Dies at 61". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
    17. ^ Santos, Eimor (July 15, 2017). "Ex-President Aquino faces criminal raps over Mamasapano encounter, cleared of homicide". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on June 26, 2018. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
    18. ^ "Philippine ex-leader Aquino charged 1.35 billion budget case". The Japan Times. June 20, 2018. Archived from the original on November 25, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
    19. ^ a b c d Santos, Eimor (July 15, 2017). "Ex-President Aquino faces criminal raps over Mamasapano encounter, cleared of homicide". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on June 26, 2018. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
    20. ^ Mydans, Seth; Goldman, Russell (June 23, 2021). "Benigno S. Aquino III, 61, Former President of the Philippines, Dies". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
    21. ^ Ismael, Javier Joe; Maghanoy, Christian Crow (June 24, 2021). "Former president Noynoy Aquino dies". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
    22. ^ "Arroyo to Aquino: It's the Economy, Student". Philippine Daily Inquirer. January 13, 2012. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
    23. ^ a b c "Benigno Aquino III: The quiet son of Philippine democracy icons". BBC News. June 24, 2021. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
    24. ^ a b Pazzibugan, Dona (August 21, 2007). "Noynoy Aquino also rises". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
    25. ^ "Central Azucarera de Tarlac moves to widen public ownership". BusinessWorld. April 1, 2016. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
    26. ^
      ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original
      on September 3, 2009. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
    27. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. June 24, 2021. Archived
      from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
    28. ^ a b "Resume of Senator Aquino". Senate of the Philippines. Archived from the original on June 14, 2010.
    29. GMANews.TV. May 3, 2007. Archived
      from the original on March 17, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
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      Cebu Daily News. Archived from the original
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    33. ^ a b from an interview with freelance writer Lila Shahani for Philippines Graphic, later posted on the writer's blog as "A Conversation with Noynoy" Archived December 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine (March 2010)
    34. ^ a b "Aquino urged: Declare FOI measure, budget control bill as urgent". Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 16, 2014. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
    35. ^ a b "A New Priority for President Aquino: Tax Evasion on Imports to the Philippines". Financial Transparency. February 6, 2014. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
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