Berkeley Hills

Coordinates: 37°52′58″N 122°14′16″W / 37.88278°N 122.23778°W / 37.88278; -122.23778
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"East Bay Hills" redirects here. For the fault ridge in Nova Scotia, see East Bay Hills (Nova Scotia).
Berkeley Hills
Highest point
Elevation581 m (1,906 ft)
Geography
Berkeley Hills is located in California
Berkeley Hills
Berkeley Hills
Location of Berkeley Hills in California[1]
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
District
USGS
 Briones Valley

The Berkeley Hills are a range of the

gazetteers
.

Geology

The Berkeley Hills are bounded by the major Hayward Fault along their western base, and the minor Wildcat fault on their eastern side. The highest peaks are Grizzly Peak (elevation 1,754 feet/535 m) and Round Top (elevation 1,761 feet/537 m), an extinct volcano, and William Rust Summit 1,004 feet (306 m).

Vollmer Peak (elevation 1,905 feet/581 m), although commonly thought to be part of the Berkeley Hills, is actually located on the adjacent San Pablo Ridge[dubious – discuss] near the point where it meets the Berkeley Hills at the head of Wildcat Canyon. Vollmer Peak was named in honor of the first police chief of the City of Berkeley, August Vollmer. It was formerly known as "Bald Peak", and as "Rocky Mound"[4] in the 19th century.

Development

Much of the west slope of the Berkeley Hills has residential neighborhoods of mostly single family homes, except on the land of

ridgeline
wind their way up the canyons. Grizzly Peak and Skyline Boulevards follow the top of the ridge. Many neighborhoods in the Berkeley Hills are home to the more affluent residents of Berkeley and Oakland.

The east slope of the Berkeley Hills is mostly preserved or partially developed

Temescal Regional Park are lower on the western slopes while Las Trampas Regional Wilderness
is lower on the eastern slope above Danville.

The Berkeley Hills are pierced by several tunnels. The

State Highway 24
between Oakland and Contra Costa County.

The Berkeley Hills as seen from CA 24 near Orinda.
Oakland and the Bay from Grizzly Peak Blvd.

Usage

It is common to hear the term "

toponym, it is technically incorrect. When used on maps, the exact south end of the "Berkeley Hills" is unclear, but the maps of the USGS show them stretching well south into the northeastern portion of Oakland.[5] It does not, in any case, correspond to any political boundaries, only to a geographic feature (much as "San Francisco Bay" is not limited to that stretch of the Pacific inlet within the bounds of the City and County of San Francisco). The ridge extends south through Oakland and San Leandro to the drainage of San Leandro Creek called Castro Valley, and geologically, continues southward above the line of the Hayward Fault. In the section above East Oakland to Castro Valley, the ridge appears on most maps as the San Leandro Hills.[6]

The northern extent of the proper name "Berkeley Hills" is less indefinite; most maps including those of the USGS apply the name along the entire ridge as it runs continuously right up to the mouth of Wildcat Canyon in Richmond.[7] The eastern slopes of the Berkeley Hills lie entirely outside of the city of Berkeley within Contra Costa County.

Another common usage is East Bay Hills, but its application to any particular range is unclear. It may refer to all of the ranges east of the Bay, from the Berkeley Hills to the Diablo Range and all the ranges between.

Ecology

The Berkeley Hills are a region of great biological diversity as part of Pacific Coastal Region of California and the San Francisco Bay ecosystem. Much of the area is covered by grassland which favors the southwest facing slopes. Amongst the north east hills, Baccharis Brushland and Oak Woodland are most prominent with Coast live oak and California bay laurel as some of the most prolific trees. Past Eucalyptus tree farming during the early 20th century has also introduced large Eucalyptus groves scattered across the Berkeley Hills.[8]

The area welcomes a wide variety of birds, black-tailed deer, coyote, ground squirrel, striped skunk, western terrestrial garter snake, gray fox, bobcat, and red-tailed hawk. There are also periodic sightings of mountain lions amongst the Oak Woodland. Four protected species also call the Berkeley Hills their home, the San Francisco tree lupine moth, Alameda whipsnake, Callippe silverspot, and Bay checkerspot. Additionally, the grassland acts as an annual foraging spot for the northern harrier, American kestrel, prairie falcon, and turkey vulture.

Climatic effects

The Berkeley Hills affect the local climate by their elevation. The oceanic marine layer, which develops during the summer, bringing fog and low clouds with it, is usually less than 2,000 feet deep and thus is blocked by the range. This produces a "fog shadow" effect to the east, which is warmer than areas west of the hills. The westerly wind that carries the marine layer through the Golden Gate typically splits its flow as it hits the Berkeley Hills producing a southerly wind from Berkeley northward and a northerly wind in the direction of Oakland.

In winter during spells of tule fog inland, a reverse situation occurs, with the fog usually confined to areas east of the hills, although occasionally, the inland fog pours in from the north, around the hills by way of the Carquinez Strait.

The Berkeley Hills affect rainfall; when the wind is perpendicular to the hills (southwest wind) during a storm, air is forced to rise, cooling and condensing additional moisture, increasing the precipitation on the western slopes and leaving areas east of the hills drier. Especially cold storms occasionally deposit wet snow on the peaks.

In spring and fall, sinking air from aloft combining with inland high pressure periodically sends the

1991 Oakland firestorm
).

References

Notes
  1. ^ "Berkeley Hills". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
  2. ^ Engineers, United States Army Corps of (July 28, 1856). "Reports of Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean...1853-54". Archived from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved September 7, 2022 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "The Atlantic, July 1874". The Atlantic. July 1874. Archived from the original on 2022-08-01. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  4. ^ "Topographical Map of Contra Costa County, Britton and Rey, 1871". Archived from the original on 2022-11-24. Retrieved 2022-11-24.
  5. ^ "Oakland East Quadrangle 1973, USGS Topographic Map". Archived from the original on 2017-10-13. Retrieved 2017-10-13.
  6. ^ "Las Trampas Ridge Quadrangle 1968, USGS Topographic Map". Archived from the original on 2017-10-13. Retrieved 2017-10-13.
  7. ^ "San Francisco 15-minute Quadrangle 1895, USGS Topographic Map". Archived from the original on 2017-11-12. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
  8. ^ Robles, Marcos, and F. S. Chapin. "Comparison of the influence of two exotic communities on ecosystem processes in the Berkeley Hills". Madroño, vol. 42, no. 3, California Botanical Society, 1995, pp. 349–57, [1] Archived 2021-11-13 at the Wayback Machine.
Sources
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