Berlin Cathedral

Coordinates: 52°31′9″N 13°24′4″E / 52.51917°N 13.40111°E / 52.51917; 13.40111
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the present seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin, see St. Hedwig's Cathedral.

Berlin Cathedral
Berliner Dom
Berlin Cathedral: Evangelical Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church (2017)
Religion
Affiliation
  • Prussian Union
    ) (1817–present)
  • Reformed
    (1632–1817)
  • Lutheran
    (1539–1632)
  • Roman Catholic
    (until 1539)
Province
St. Erasmus Chapel
Location
LocationCölln, a historical neighbourhood of Berlin,  Germany
Berlin Cathedral is located in Central Berlin
Berlin Cathedral
Shown within Central Berlin
Berlin Cathedral is located in Germany
Berlin Cathedral
Berlin Cathedral (Germany)
Geographic coordinates52°31′9″N 13°24′4″E / 52.51917°N 13.40111°E / 52.51917; 13.40111
Architecture
Architect(s)
  • Martin Böhme (1717)
  • Johann Boumann the Elder (1747–1750)
  • Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1817 and 1820–1822)
  • Julius and Otto Raschdorff, father and son (1894–1905)
Style
Completed
  • 1451 (first building)
  • 1538 (2nd bldg)
  • 1750 (3rd bldg)
  • 1905 (4th bldg)
  • 1993 reinaugurated after removal of war destructions
Construction cost11.5 million
marks (1905)
Specifications
Direction of façadewest
Length114 metres (374 ft), shorter since the demolition of the northern memorial hall in 1975
Width74 metres (243 ft)
Dome height (outer)115 metres (377 ft) (until destruction 1944)
Materialsoriginally brick, since 1905, Silesian sandstone
Website
www.berliner-dom.de
Berlin Cathedral bells ringing

Berlin Cathedral (

state ceremonies, concerts
and other events.

Since the demolition of the

Allied bombing in World War II
, the cathedral's original interior was restored by 2002. Currently there is discussion about restoring the historical exterior as well.

Term

Berlin Cathedral (German: Berliner Dom) is the common name for the Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church (German: Oberpfarr- und Domkirche zu Berlin) in Berlin, Germany.

The Dom is the parish church of the congregation Gemeinde der Oberpfarr- und Domkirche zu Berlin, a member of the umbrella organisation

Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg (under this name 1945–2003) is based at St. Mary's Church and Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
in Berlin.

History

Berlin Cathedral has a long history starting as a

Roman Catholic
place of worship in the 15th century.

Establishment of a Collegiate Church in Berlin (1451–1536)

The history of today's Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church and its community dates back to 1451. In that year Prince-Elector

Erasmus of Formiae.[4]

On 7 April 1465 – at Frederick Irontooth's request –

Domstift), became the synecdoche used – pars pro toto – for all canon-law colleges. So the college of St. Erasmus' chapel, called Domstift in German, bestowed the pertaining church its colloquial naming, Domkirche (cathedral church). Frederick Irontooth provided the college with estates, sufficient to supply eight canon prebendaries.[5] On 20 January 1469, Dietrich IV, then Prince-Bishop of Brandenburg, invested eight clergymen, chosen by Frederick Irontooth, as collegiate canons with the prebends.[4]

The Collegiate Church in the former Black Friars' Church of St. Paul's south of the Palace (1536–1747)

In 1535, Prince-Elector

College to 12 prebendaries, bestowing two of them to canons taken on from the Dominican convent.[6]

In 1538, a new western façade with two towers was attached to the collegiate church, which – due to its prior status as a church of a

Hohenzollern used the church building as their burial place.[8]

In 1608, the year of his accession to the throne, Prince-Elector

Holy Trinity
was increasingly skipped.

In 1667, the dilapidated double-tower façade was torn down and in 1717 Martin Böhme erected a new Baroque façade with two towers. With the effect of 1 January 1710, Cölln was united with Berlin under the latter name. In 1747, the Supreme Parish Church was completely demolished to clear space for the baroque extension of Berlin Palace.

  • The Supreme Parish Church with its double-tower façade of 1538 with northerly adjacent parts of Berlin's Palace. Miniature shown in the present church building.
    The Supreme Parish Church with its double-tower façade of 1538 with northerly adjacent parts of Berlin's Palace. Miniature shown in the present church building.
  • View of the interior of the Supreme Parish Church in 1705 (the only known graphic with this view)
    View of the interior of the Supreme Parish Church in 1705 (the only known graphic with this view)
  • The Supreme Parish Church in 1736 with its new towers
    The Supreme Parish Church in 1736 with its new towers

The Supreme Parish Church in its new Building north of the Palace (1750–1893)

On 6 September 1750, the new baroque Calvinist Supreme Parish Church was inaugurated, built by Johann Boumann the Elder in 1747–1750. The electoral tombs were transferred to the new building. The new structure covered a space north of the palace, which is still covered by the present building.[9]

In 1817, under the auspices of King

presbytery
of the congregation bears the unusual name in German: Domkirchenkollegium, literally Cathedral College, thus recalling the history of the church as a collegiate church.

In celebration of the Union

Hohenzollerns (severely damaged in World War II and demolished later by the East German government), and the Lustgarten
park at its western front, which is still there.

  • Miniature of the Supreme Parish Church in Berlin, as built by J. Boumann the Elder in 1750
    Miniature of the Supreme Parish Church in Berlin, as built by J. Boumann the Elder in 1750
  • The Supreme Parish Church after Schinkel's remodelling, c. 1830
    The Supreme Parish Church after Schinkel's remodelling, c. 1830

Modern Berlin Cathedral (1893–present)

Berlin Cathedral from the Lustgarten (2015)

However, in the 19th century, a new building was under discussion, but the post-Napoleonic poverty made its realization impossible. After dismantling the movable interior (altar, paintings, sarcophagi), Boumann's building was demolished in 1893 and Julius and Otto Raschdorff, father and son, built the present Supreme Parish and Cathedral Church in exuberant forms of high Neo-Renaissance style.[9]

The organ in 1964 – on the floor the rubble of the dome, destroyed in an Allied bombing 1944

With no separation of Protestant church and state of

Marks. At 114 metres (374 ft) long, 73 metres (240 ft) wide and 116 metres (381 ft) tall, it was much larger than any of the previous buildings and was considered a Protestant counterweight to St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. On 27 February 1905, the present building was inaugurated.[12]

In 1940, the blast waves of

Evangelical Church of the Union decided a committee for the reconstruction of the Supreme Parish and Cathedral Church, then located in East Berlin.[13] The government of the Eastern German Democratic Republic did not oppose the work of the committee due to the concomitant inflow of Deutsche Marks
.

In 1975, reconstruction started, simplifying the building's original design and demolishing the north wing, the 'Denkmalskirche' – Memorial Church. Compared by some to the Medici Chapel, it had survived the war completely intact but was demolished for ideological reasons by the communist government due to it being a hall of honour for the Hohenzollern dynasty. This resulted in scaffolding for restoration appearing on the church while detonation charges were applied to its undamaged rear. The government also demanded the removal of as many crosses as possible. The demolition and redesign cost 800,000 marks, while the restoration (done on the cheap) cost just 50,000 marks.[14] The Berlin Cathedral Building Society now seek to rebuild the Denkmalskirche.[15]

In 1980, the

Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl
and televised nationwide in Germany. There has been discussion to restore the dome and surrounding cupolas to their original appearance, but this has not occurred due to a lack of funds.

Music

"SIEHE, ICH BIN BEI EUCH ALLE TAGE BIS AN DER WELT ENDE."
("SEE, I WILL BE BY YOU ALL THE DAYS UNTIL THE END OF THE WORLD.")

—Biblical sentence (Matthew 28:20) above the main entrance to Berlin Cathedral (on the left)

Main organ

"UNSER GLAUBE IST DER SIEG, DER DIE WELT UEBERWUNDEN HAT."
("OUR FAITH IS THE VICTORY THAT CONQUERED THE WORLD.")

—Biblical sentence (1 John 5:4) above the main entrance to Berlin Cathedral (on the right)

The pipe organ, built by Wilhelm Sauer, was fully restored during reconstruction. It has 113 stops, including three ranks of 32' pipes on the pedal division, played by a 4-manual console:[12]

I Hauptwerk C–a3
Prinzipal 16'
Majorbaß 16'
Prinzipal 8'
Prinzipal amabile 8'
Doppelflöte 8'
Flûte harmonique 8'
Bordun 8'
Quintatön 8'
Viola di Gamba 8'
Gemshorn 8'
Harmonika 8'
Gedacktquinte 51/3′
Oktave 4'
Flûte octaviante 4'
Fugara 4'
Rohrflöte 4'
Oktave 2'
Rauschquinte II
Grosscymbel III
Scharff III–V
Kornett III–IV
Bombarde 16'
Trompete 8'
Clairon 4'
II Brustwerk C–a3
Prinzipal 16'
Quintatön 16'
Prinzipal 8'
Geigenprinzipal 8'
Doppelflöte 8'
Spitzflöte 8'
Soloflöte 8'
Rohrflöte 8'
Salicional 8'
Dulciana 8'
Oktave 4'
Spitzflöte 4'
Flauto Dolce 4'
Salicional 4'
Quinte 22/3′
Piccolo 2'
Mixtur IV
Cymbel III
Kornett III
Tuba 8'
Klarinette 8'
III Schwellwerk C–a3
Salicional 16'
Bordun 16'
Prinzipal 8'
Schalmei 8'
Hohlflöte 8'
Konzertflöte 8'
Gedeckt 8'
Gemshorn 8'
Unda maris 8'
Dolce 8'
Oktave 4'
Quintatön 4'
Traversflöte 4'
Gemshorn 4'
Nasard 22/3′
Waldflöte 2'
Terz 13/5′
Mixtur III
Trompete 8'
Cor anglais 8'
Glockenspiel

Rückpositiv

Flötenprinzipal 8'
Flöte 8'
Gedackt 8'
Dulciana 8'
Zartflöte 4'
IV Schwellwerk C–a3
Lieblich Gedackt 16'
Prinzipal 8'
Traversflöte 8'
Spitzflöte 8'
Lieblich Gedackt 8'
Quintatön 8'
Aeoline 8'
Voix céleste 8'
Prestant 4'
Fernflöte 4'
Violine 4'
Gemshornquinte 22/3′
Flautino 2'
Harmonia aetheria III
Trompete 8'
Oboe 8'
Vox Humana 8'
Tremolo zu Vox humana
Pedal C–f1
Prinzipal 32'
Untersatz 32'
Prinzipal 16'
Offenbaß 16'
Violon 16'
Subbaß 16'
Gemshorn 16'
Lieblich Gedackt 16'
Quintbaß 102/3′
Prinzipal 8'
Flötenbaß 8'
Violoncello 8'
Gedackt 8'
Dulciana 8'
Quinte 51/3′
Oktave 4'
Terz 31/5′
Quinte 22/3′
Septime 22/7′
Oktave 2'
Kontraposaune 32'
Posaune 16'
Fagott 16'
Trompete 8'
Clairon 4'
  • II/I, III/I, IV/I, Super I, III/II, IV/II, Super II, IV/III, I/P, II/P, III/P, IV/P
  • 3 Freie Kombinationen, Mezzoforte, Forte, Tutti, Rohrwerke, Jalousieschweller III. Manual, Jalousieschweller IV. Manual, Jalousieschweller Vox humana, Handregister ab, Rückpositiv ab.
Inside Berlin Cathedral
Inside Berlin Cathedral

Ensembles

Contributing to the cathedral's comprehensive concert programme is their own set of choirs (Berliner Domkantorei) and a brass ensemble (Berliner Dombläser). Berlin Cathedral is also the main place of activity for the renowned boys' choir Staats- und Domchor Berlin, an institution of the Berlin University of the Arts. Since Advent 2015, The English Choir Berlin, a multinational SATB adult choir, sings Choral Evensong (Domvesper in anglikanisher Tradition) monthly on a Saturday evening and, from time to time sings at Sunday morning divine services.

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Information for pupils and teachers". Berliner Dom. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  2. ^ "The 'Hohenzollern' crypt". Berliner Dom.
  3. ISBN 978-3-7338-0188-5
    .
  4. ^ a b c Gottschalk 1985, p. 171
  5. ISBN 978-3-9361-0300-7
    .
  6. ius patronatus
    over that church.
  7. ^ Gottschalk 1985, p. 169
  8. ^ Kühne & Stephani 1986, p. 361
  9. ^ a b c d Kühne & Stephani 1986, p. 362
  10. ^ In 1695 Berlin's second Calvinist church was erected, called Parochial Church, i.e. parish church, as opposed to the Supreme Parish Church then colloquially called Collegiate of Palace Church.
  11. ^ From then on Calvinist immigrants, as from Bohemia, France (Huguenots), Juliers-Cleves-Berg, the Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, and Wallonia were very welcome in Berlin and all the Electorate of Brandenburg in order to build up a considerable minority, being religiously a power base of the Hohenzollern.
  12. ^
    OCLC 33188606
    .
  13. ^ Jonnson, Annysa (17 May 2018). "Religious artwork, ritual items retrieved from charred remains of Trinity church". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 15 September 2018.[failed verification]
  14. ^ Schnitzler, Katja (6 June 2013). "Am liebsten hätten sie alle Kreuze verschwinden lassen" [They would have preferred to make all the crosses disappear]. Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Munich.
  15. ^ "Berliner Dom". Berlijn.com (in Dutch). 19 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2018.[failed verification]

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berlin Cathedral.
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