Berlin Patient

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the original 1998 Berlin Patient. For the case of the 2008 Berlin patient, see Timothy Ray Brown. For the Australian podcast, see The Berlin Patient (podcast).

The Berlin patient is an anonymous person from Berlin, Germany, who was described in 1998 as exhibiting prolonged "post-treatment control" of HIV viral load after HIV treatments were interrupted.

The phrase "Berlin patient" was later used to preserve the anonymity of a different individual claimed to have been functionally cured of HIV infection, when his case was presented at the 2008 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, where his cure was first announced, and because he resided and was treated in Berlin. This second "Berlin patient" chose to come forward and make his name, Timothy Ray Brown, public in late 2010.[1][2]

Eleven years later, nearly on the same date, at the same conference, it was announced that it appeared that a third man had been cured; he was called the "

CCR5-Δ32 mutation.[4]

Cases

The first Berlin patient was described in 1998.

antiretroviral therapy.[6][7]

The world-renowned "second" Berlin patient,

antiretroviral therapy since the first day of his stem cell transplant.[9]

Their stories were chronicled in the 2014 book, Cured: The People who Defeated HIV (2015) by Nathalia Holt.[10] The Visconti Cohort, a group of fourteen patients who received early therapy for the virus (described in a scientific paper published in 2013[11]), were considered to be in "long-term virological remission," meaning that they still harbor the virus within their bodies but HIV viral loads are low or undetectable despite being off antiretroviral therapy.[12] At least two Visconti cohort members have since restarted antiretroviral therapy; in one case due to increasing viral load and CD4 T cell count decline, and in another case due to a cancer diagnosis. Another cohort member is displaying clear evidence of declining CD4 T cell counts over time. This information was revealed in the last two slides of a presentation given by Asier Sáez-Cirión at the International AIDS Society's Towards an HIV Cure Symposium in 2015.[13] Timothy Ray Brown is the only individual who is considered to have a sterilizing cure, meaning there is strong evidence that he no longer harbors infectious HIV virus within his body.[citation needed]

Anonymous: the 1998 Berlin patient

Anonymous
Born
Germany

The first Berlin patient was a German man in his mid-twenties.

HLA-B*57 allele which has been associated with HIV control, and a large proportion of CD8 T cell responses targeting HIV are restricted by HLA-B*57.[citation needed
]

Timothy Ray Brown: the 2008 cured Berlin patient

Timothy Ray Brown
Born1966
United States

The most famous Berlin patient is

New England Journal of Medicine.[16] As of 2011, Brown remained off antiretroviral therapy and was considered cured,[19][20][21] although some debate exists whether there was no trace of the virus in his body (a "sterilizing" cure) or whether he simply no longer needed treatment (a "functional" cure).[22]

Timothy Ray Brown died on September 30, 2020, after a five-month battle with leukaemia.[23]

See also

References

  1. PMID 25328084
    .
  2. Fred Hutch
    . Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  3. ^ Cohen, Jon (9 March 2020). "Second 'cured' HIV patient goes public". Science. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  4. ^ Apoorva Mandavilli (March 4, 2019). "H.I.V. Is Reported Cured in a Second Patient, a Milestone in the Global AIDS Epidemic". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d Schoofs M (June 21, 1998). "The Berlin Patient". New York Times Magazine.
  6. ^
    PMID 24521131
    .
  7. ^
    PMID 10348681
    .
  8. ^ Schoofs M. "A Doctor, a Mutation and a Potential Cure for AIDS". Wall Street Journal.
  9. OCLC 937872774
  10. ^ Johnson G (May 9, 2014). "Patients and Fortitude 'Cured,' by Nathalia Holt". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  11. PMID 23516360
    .
  12. ^ "Making Sense of the Three Types of HIV Cure: The Berlin Patient, the Mississippi Child, and the VISCONTI Cohort". Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  13. ^ Sáez-Cirión A (July 19, 2015). "HIV-1 virological remission for more than 12 years after interruption of early initiated antiretroviral therapy in a perinatally-infected child" (PDF). International AIDS Society's Towards an HIV Cure Symposium. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 12, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  14. S2CID 8198851. Archived from the original
    on 2013-08-16.
  15. ^ Doughton S (July 17, 2013). "'I don't want to be only person cured of HIV'". Seattle Times.
  16. ^
    S2CID 14905671. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2019-02-19.
  17. PMID 16216086. Open access icon
  18. PMID 19339947
    .
  19. ^ Rosenberg T (May 29, 2011). "The Man Who Had HIV and Now Does Not". New York Magazine.
  20. ^ Pollack A (November 28, 2011). "New Hope of a Cure for H.I.V." The New York Times.
  21. PMID 21148083
    .
  22. ^ Knox R (June 13, 2012). "Traces Of Virus In Man Cured Of HIV Trigger Scientific Debate". NPR News. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  23. ^ "Berlin patient: First person cured of HIV, Timothy Ray Brown, dies". BBC News. 30 September 2020.


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