Beryllium chloride

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Beryllium chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Beryllium chloride
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.029.197 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • DS2625000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Be.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 checkY
    Key: LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1/Be.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
    Key: LWBPNIJBHRISSS-NUQVWONBAX
  • ionic depiction: [Be+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
  • covalent monomer: Cl[Be]Cl
  • polymer: Cl[Be-2](Cl)([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1(Cl)Cl
Properties
BeCl2
Molar mass 79.9182 g/mol
Appearance White or yellow crystals
Density 1.899 g/cm3, solid
Melting point 399 °C (750 °F; 672 K)
Boiling point 482 °C (900 °F; 755 K)
15.1 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, and pyridine
slightly soluble in chloroform and sulfur dioxide
Structure
hexagonal
polymer
Thermochemistry
7.808 J/K or 71.1 J/mol K
63 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of
formation
(ΔfH⦵298)
 −6.136 kJ/g or -494 kJ/mol
-468 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion
(ΔcH⦵298)
 16 kJ/mol
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
86 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.002 mg/m3
C 0.005 mg/m3 (30 minutes), with a maximum peak of 0.025 mg/m3 (as Be)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 Ca C 0.0005 mg/m3 (as Be)[1]
IDLH
(Immediate danger)
 Ca [4 mg/m3 (as Be)][1]
Related compounds
Other anions
 Beryllium fluoride
Beryllium bromide
Beryllium iodide
Other cations
 Magnesium chloride
Calcium chloride
Strontium chloride
Barium chloride
Radium chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Beryllium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula BeCl2. It is a colourless, hygroscopic solid that dissolves well in many polar solvents. Its properties are similar to those of aluminium chloride, due to beryllium's diagonal relationship with aluminium.

Structure and synthesis

Beryllium chloride is prepared by reaction of the metal with chlorine at high temperatures:[2]

Be + Cl2 → BeCl2

BeCl2 can also be prepared by

carbothermal reduction of beryllium oxide in the presence of chlorine.[3] BeCl2 can be prepared by treating beryllium with hydrogen chloride
.

Two forms (

polymorphs) of BeCl2 are known. Both structures consist tetrahedral Be2+ centers interconnected by doubly bridging chloride ligands. One form consist of edge-sharing polytetrahedra. The other form resembles zinc iodide with interconnected adamantane-like cages.[4] In contrast, BeF2 is a 3-dimensional polymer, with a structure akin to that of quartz
.

In the gas phase, BeCl2 exists both as a

vibrational spectroscopy.[6]

Reactions

Beryllium chloride forms a tetrahydrate, BeCl2•4H2O ([Be(H2O)4]Cl2). BeCl2 is also soluble in some ethers.[7][8]

Applications

Beryllium chloride is used as a raw material for the

Friedel-Crafts
reactions.

References

  1. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0054". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. doi:10.1002/9780470132364.ch7
  3. ISBN 0-471-02775-8
    .
  4. ^ Troyanov, S.I. (2000). "Crystal Modifications of Beryllium Dihalides BeCl2, BeBr2 and BeI2". Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 45: 1619-1624.
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
    .
  6. PMID 19672497
    .
  7. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3
    .
  8. ISBN 0-12-352651-5

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beryllium_chloride&oldid=1138048278"