Bethlehem of Galilee
Bethlehem of Galilee
בֵּית לֶחֶם הַגְּלִילִית | |
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Coordinates: 32°44′12″N 35°11′29″E / 32.73667°N 35.19139°E | |
Grid position | 167/237 PAL |
Country | Israel |
District | Northern |
Council | Jezreel Valley |
Affiliation | Moshavim Movement |
Founded | 2000 BCE (Ancient town) 1596 (Bayt Lahm) 1906 (Templer colony) 1948 (Moshav) |
Population (2022)[1] | 824 |
Bethlehem of Galilee (
The modern moshav is located at the site of the ancient Israelite settlement known as Bethlehem of
History
To distinguish the city from the city of
Until the late 19th century, and even the 1921 visit by
Due to its proximity to Nazareth, one historian believes that it is the Bethlehem where Jesus was born. Aviram Oshri, a senior archaeologist with the IAA, supports this claim,[6][7] although others at this institution reject it.[8]
Remains of large
Ottoman period
Arab village
In 1517, the village was included in the
In 1859, the British consul Rogers stated that the population was 110, and the tillage at sixteen
In 1875 Victor Guérin visited and noted that Bethlehem was a small village, which had succeeded a town of the same name.[14] He further noted the ruins of two buildings; one, completely destroyed, had been constructed of good cut stones; the entrance was at the south façade. He thought, from its orientation north and south, that it was a synagogue. The other building, which lay east and west, may have been a Christian church. On its site were seen a few shafts, four of which were still in situ and half covered up.[15]
In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described it as "The ancient Bethlehem of Zebulon. A village principally built of adobe on high ground in the border of the wooded country. The nearest water is in Wady el Melek, on the north (Ras el 'Ain), and at the springs near Muwarah on the south."[13]
A population list from about 1887 showed that Kh. Beit Lahm had about 55 inhabitants, all Muslims.[16]
Templer village
In 1906
British Mandate period
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British authorities, Bait Lam had a population of 224; 111 Christians and 113 Muslims.[18] Of the Christians, 95 were Protestant and 16 were Greek Catholics (Melkites).[19] This had increased slightly by the 1931 census to a population of 235; 135 Muslim, 99 Christians and 1 Jew, in a total of 51 inhabited houses.[20]
In 1932 the
After the start of
In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Lam consisted of 370 people; 210 Muslims and 160 Christians,[25] and the total land area was 7,526 dunams according to an official land and population survey.[26] 6 dunams of land were designated for citrus and bananas, 278 dunams for plantations and irrigable land, 4,796 for cereals,[27] while 51 dunams were built-up areas.[28]
In 1945 the Italian and Hungarian internees were released but the Britons refused to repatriate the remaining German internees to the British zone in Germany. In 1947, they were allowed to emigrate to Australia.[29]
Israel
On 17 April 1948 the
.In recent years, tourism has replaced agriculture as the main economic branch. A dairy, an herb farm, restaurants and country-style accommodation are among the tourist-oriented businesses in the village today.[17]
References
- ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ a b Negev and Gibson (2001), p. 80.
- ^ Judges 12:8–10
- ^ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Judges 12, accessed 8 November 2016
- ^ Oshri, Aviram (2008). "Bethlehem of Galilee". New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (NEAEHL). Vol. 5 (updates). Israel Exploration Society & Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 11 December 2023 – via BAS Library (online).
- ^ Oshri, Aviram (November–December 2005). "Where was Jesus Born?" (PDF). Archaeology. 58 (6): 42–45. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023 – via mnemotrix.com.
- ^ Steinberg, Jessica (24 December 2014). "Was Jesus born in a different Bethlehem?". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Israeli archeologist says Jesus was born in Bethlehem... of Galilee?". Inquisitr.com. 28 December 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- Hadashot Arkheologiyot. Reaccessed 11 Dec 2023.
- ^ Tepper, Yotam (14 Apr 2016). Bet-Lehem Ha-Gelilit: Preliminary Report, Hadashot Arkheologiyot. Reaccessed 11 Dec 2023.
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 188
- ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 Archived 2019-04-20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied from the Safad-district was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
- ^ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 270
- ^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 393
- ^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 393-394; as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 301
- ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 176
- ^ a b Yet to be discovered: The Jezreel Valley Haaretz
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p. 33
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 49
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 88
- ^ Balke, 2001, p. 41.
- ^ Sauer, 1996, p. 17
- ^ Balke, 2001, p. 81
- ^ Sauer, 1996, pp. 18seqq.
- ^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 13
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 47
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 89
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 139
- ^ Sauer, 1996, p. 19.
- ^ Sauer, 1996, p. 20
Bibliography
- Balke, Ralf (2001). Hakenkreuz im Heiligen Land: Die NSDAP-Landesgruppe Palästina. Erfurt: Sutton. ISBN 3-89702-304-0.
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Dalali-Amos, Edna (2011-07-04). "Bet Lehem Ha-Gelilit Final Report". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (123).
- ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Negev, Avraham/Gibson, S. (2001), Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Continuum, New York/London, p. 80
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Rhode, H. (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2017-12-02.
- Sauer, Paul: Vom Land um den Asperg im Namen Gottes nach Palästina und Australien: Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Tempelgesellschaft, lecture held on 20 October 1995 in Burgstetten on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of Kirschenhardthof, printed as Schriftenreihe TG, No. 1 (1996)
- Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
- Tepper, Y. (2016-04-14). "Bet-Lehem Ha-Gelilit". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (128).
External links
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5: IAA, Wikimedia commons