Bharadvaja
| Bharadvaja | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Watercolour painting of Bharadvaja, 19th century | |
| Affiliation | Brahmarshi |
| Personal information | |
| Parents |
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| Siblings | Kacha, Revati, Kesari |
| Spouse | Sushila |
| Children | Garga, Drona and Ilavida |
| Part of a series on |
| Hinduism |
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Bharadvaja (
His contributions to ancient Indian literature, specifically the Rigveda, provide significant insight into ancient Indian society.[2][3][4] He and his family of students were the authors of the sixth book of the Rigveda.[5] In the epic Mahabharata, Bharadvaja was the father of the teacher (guru) Droṇācārya,[6] the instructor to Pandava and Kaurava princes. Bharadvaja is also mentioned in Charaka Samhita, an authoritative ancient Indian medical text.
Etymology
The word Bharadvaja is a compound Sanskrit from "bhara(d)" and "vaja(m)", which together mean "bringing about nourishment".[7] The name lends itself to more than one yoga asana[clarification needed] called Bharadvajasana ("nourishing pose") named after the eponymous sage.[citation needed]
Description
His full name in Vedic texts is Bharadvaja Barhaspatya, the last name referring to his father and Vedic deity-sage Brihaspati. His mother was Mamata, wife of Utathya Rishi, who was the elder brother of Barhaspati.[8] In the Bhagavata Purana, he is named as Vitatha.[9] He is one of seven rishis mentioned four times in the Rigveda as well as in the Shatapatha Brahmana, thereafter revered in the Mahabharata and the Puranas.[10] In some later Puranic legends, he is desribed as the son of Vedic sage Atri.[2]
In Buddhist Pali canonical texts such as
The ancient Hindu medical treatise Charaka Samhita attributes Bharadvaja learning medical sciences to Indra, after pleading that "poor health was disrupting the ability of human beings from pursuing their spiritual journey", and then Indra provides both the method and specifics of medical knowledge.[12][13]
Bharadvaja is considered to be the initiator of the Bharadvāja
Texts
Bharadvaja and his family of students are 55.[14] Bharadvaja and his family of students were the traditional poets of king Marutta of the Vedic era, in the Hindu texts.[15]
Bharadvaja is a revered sage in the Hindu traditions, and like other revered sages, numerous treatises composed in the ancient and medieval eras are reverentially named after him. Some treatises named after him or attributed to him include:
- Dhanur-veda, credited to Bharadvaja in chapter 12.203 of the Mahabharata, is an Upaveda treatise on archery.[16]
- Bharadvaja samhita, a Pancharatra text (an Agama text of Vaishnavism).[17]
- Bharadvaja srautasutra and grhyasutra, a ritual and rites of passage text from first millennium BCE.[18][19][20] After the Kalpasutra by Baudhayana, these Bharadvaja texts are among the oldest srauta and grhya sutras known.[21]
- Sections in Ayurveda. Bharadvaja theories on medicine and causal phenomenon is described in Charaka Samhita. Bharadvaja states, for example, that an embryo is not caused by wish, prayers, urging of mind or mystical causes, but it is produced from the union of a man's sperm and menstrual blood of a woman at the right time of her menstrual cycle, in her womb.[22][23] According to Gerrit Jan Meulenbeld, Bharadvaja is credited with many theories and practical ideas in ancient Indian medicine.[23]
- Niti sastra, a treatise on ethics and practical conduct.[24]
- Bharadvaja-siksa, is one of many ancient Sanskrit treatises on phonetics.[25]
Epics and Puranic scriptures
According to one legend, Bharadvaja married Sushila and had a son named Garga and a daughter named Devavarshini. According to some other legends, Bharadvaja had two daughters named
One legend in the
Rāmāyaṇa
In the epic Ramayana, Rama, Sita and Lakshmana meet Bharadvaja at his ashrama (hermitage) at the start of their fourteen-year exile. The sage asks them to stay with him through the exile, but they insist on going deeper into the forest to Chitrakuta, which was three krosha away from the ashram. Bharadvaja gives them directions. Bharata is received at the ashrama by Bharadvaja when attempted to locate Rama in order to bring Sita, Lakshmana, and him back to Ayodhya.[29] He reappears at various times in the epic. According to James Lochtefeld, the Bharadvaja in the Ramayana is different from the Vedic sage mentioned in Panini's Ashtadhyayi.[30]
Notes
- ^ The Buddha names the following as "early sages" of Vedic verses, "Atthaka (either Ashtavakra or Atri), Vamaka, Vamadeva, Vessamitta (Visvamitra), Yamataggi, Angirasa, Bharadvaja, Vasettha (Vashistha), Kassapa (Kashyapa) and Bhagu (Bhrigu)".[11]
References
- ^ .
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
- ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4384-0695-4.
Bharadvaja (Vedic seer)...
- ISBN 978-0-19-972078-1.
- ^ "The Vishnu Purana: Book III: Chapter II".
- ISBN 978-81-208-0639-9.
- ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
- ^ https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/9/21/1/ [bare URL]
- ISBN 978-1-4384-0695-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-86171-979-2.
- ISBN 978-0-19-531405-2.
- ^ Kaviratna & Sharma 1913, pp. ii–iii, 1–3 (Volume 1 of 5).
- ISBN 978-0-19-972078-1.
- JSTOR 605794.
- ISBN 978-1-4384-0695-4.
- ISBN 978-0-521-04780-7.
- ISBN 978-81-208-0639-9.
- ISBN 978-90-474-2260-0.
- ^ A. Berriedale Keith (1914), Reviewed Work: Bhāradvāja Gṛhya Sütra by Henriette J. W. Salomons, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1078–1089
- ISBN 978-81-208-0264-3.
- ISBN 978-0-14-044824-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-6980-124-7.
- ISBN 978-90-6980-124-7.
- ISBN 978-81-208-0264-3.
- ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 76.
- ^ Vishnu Purana -Drauni or Asvathama as Next saptarishi Retrieved 2015-02-15
- ^ Ganguly The Mahabharata Archived 15 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2015-02-15
- ISBN 978-0-86547-695-0.
- ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8.
Bibliography
- Kaviratna, Avinash C.; Sharma, P. (1913). The Charaka Samhita 5 Vols. Sri Satguru Publications. ISBN 81-7030-471-7.