Bhoi dynasty
Bhoi dynasty | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||
Khurda (1568–1804) Puri (1809-1947) | |||||||||||||||
Common languages | Odia | ||||||||||||||
Religion | Hinduism | ||||||||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||||
Gajapati | |||||||||||||||
• 1541-1548 | Govinda Vidyadhara | ||||||||||||||
• 1548-1557 | Chakrapratapa | ||||||||||||||
• 1557-1558 | Narsimha Jena | ||||||||||||||
• 1558-1560 | Raghuram Jena | ||||||||||||||
Historical era | Medieval India Early modern period | ||||||||||||||
• Established | 1541 | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1947 | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
Today part of | Odisha, India |
The Bhoi dynasty were a
Under
Etymology
"Bhoi" title was granted to accountants of the Karan caste.[10]
History
As Gajapatis of Odisha
With the death of Prataparudra Deva of the Suryavamsa Gajapati Empire in 1540 and a succession of weak rulers lead to the rise of political instability in the kingdom as there was a rise in internal squabbles, economic decline and increasing threats of invasions from both south and northern parts of the subcontinent. In the political chaos, the Gajapati Empire started weakening as Prataprudra Deva's successors were unable to maintain political authority. Taking de facto control of the situation, the general and minister of the kingdom, Govinda Vidyadhara decided to take the opportunity by murdering the successors of the Gajapati king and usurped the throne of Cuttack, thus laying the foundation of the Bhoi dynasty.
Under his reign, the kingdom was still undergoing political upheaval as there were rebellions in different provinces and conflicts with the neighbouring
Restoration and establishing the Khurda kingdom
With the defeat of the Chalukya king
Under Ramachandra Deva I, the patronage and pilgrimage of Jagannath temple at Puri resumed as he assumed its administrative control. He also constructed the
Independence from Mughal Empire
Towards the late 17th and early 18th century, with the weakening of the Mughal Empire after its conflicts with the Marathas in the
The Bhois also maintained minor maritime and international trade links, albeit much reduced from the heydays of the Eastern Ganga dynasty and Gajapati Empire. This is noted from the Manchu language memorials and edicts depicting contacts under the reign of Qing dynasty in China, when the Qianlong Emperor received a gift from the Brahmin (Ch. Polomen 婆羅門, Ma. Bolomen) envoy of a ruler whose Manchu name was Birakišora han of Utg’ali (Ch. Wutegali bilaqishila han 烏特噶里畢拉奇碩拉汗), who is described as a ruler in Eastern India. Hence referring to Birakisore Deva I of Khurda (1736–1793) who styled himself as Gajapati, the ruler of Utkala. Many of the gosains entering Tibet from China passed through his territory when visiting the Jagannath temple at Puri.[20]
Under Maratha Empire
The
The Aruna Stamba at the ruined
Colonial period and shift to Puri
Following the 1804 rebellion of Mukunda Deva II, the British decided to take control of the administration of the Khurda kingdom which was hence annexed to the Orissa division. However due to uncertainties regarding the administration of the temple and other religious endowments, Mukunda Deva II was allowed to return but was pensioned off to Puri in 1809 to remain as a titular head of the dynasty albeit reduced to the status of a Zamindar.[8] He was however successful in persuading the British to allow him to retain control of the administration of the Jagannath temple in the sacred temple-city of Puri as it was an important socio-political institution in the Orissa region. Thus as Rajas of Puri, the Bhoi dynasty managed to compensate for the loss of political power by building a religious institution through the superintendence of the hereditary temple of the Gajapati kings of Orissa.[8]
Post Independence
This remained the case until independence when the Indian Constitution brought in a republican system of government following which the
Dhenkanal branch
Another brother of Govinda Vidyadhara, Harisingh Vidyadhara had conquered the Dhenkanal region during the rule of Prataparudra Deva during the Gajapati Empire rule in 1530 CE and laid the foundation of Dhenkanal State. The princely state acceded to India and merged into the state of Odisha following independence in 1947.[27][28]
Rulers
Gajapati of Odisha
- Govinda Vidyadhara (1541–1548)
- Chakrapratapa (1548–1557)
- Narasimha Jena (1557–1558)
- Raghuram Jena (1558–1560)[29]
Bhoi dynasty's reign as rulers of Odisha lasted nearly two decades, as they were deposed by Mukunda Deva in 1560. The dynasty then shifted its power centre to Khurda where they continued as Rajas of Khurda led by Vidyadhara's minister's son Ramachandra Deva I.[12][1][30]
Khurda kingdom
- Ramachandra Deva I (Abhinav Indradyumna) (1568-1600)
- Purusottam Deva (1600–1621)
- Narasingha Deva (1621–1647)
- Balabhadra Deva (1647–1657)
- Mukunda Deva I (1657–1689)
- Divyasingha Deva I (1689 – 1716)
- Harekrushna Deva (1716–1720)
- Gopinath Deva (1720–1727)
- Ramachandra Deva II (1727–1736)
- Birakesari Deva I (Bhagirathi Deva) (1736–1793)
- Divyasingha Deva II (1793–1798)
- Mukundeva Deva II (1798–1804) (titular till 1809)
The Rajas of Khurda continued to rule the region well into the early 1800s but by then their power had diminished. Then the Raja of Khurda along with other local chieftains led a series of rebellions against the British in 1804 which was suppressed. The Raja of Khurda was exiled but later reinstated and shifted to Puri.[8]
Puri Estate
- Mukundeva Deva II (1809–1817) (reinstated and continues as Raja of Puri)
- Ramchandra Deva III (1817–1854)
- Birakesari Deva II (1854–1859)
- Divyasingha Deva III (1859–1882)
- Mukundeva Deva III (1882–1926)
- Ramchandra Deva IV (1926–1956)
- Birakisore Deva III (1956–1970)
- Divyasingha Deva IV (1970–present, Current Raja of Puri and Titular Gajapati)
Gallery
History of South Asia | |
---|---|
(330–323 BC) | |
Maurya Empire | (321–184 BC) |
Seleucid India | (312–303 BC) |
Sangam period | (c. 600 BC – c. 300 AD) |
Pandya Empire | (c. 300 BC – AD 1345) |
Chera Kingdom | (c. 300 BC – AD 1102) |
Chola Empire | (c. 300 BC – AD 1279) |
Pallava Empire | (c. 250 AD – AD 800) |
Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire | (c. 250 BC – c. AD 500) |
Parthian Empire | (247 BC – AD 224) |