Bight of Biafra

Coordinates: 2°50′N 8°0′E / 2.833°N 8.000°E / 2.833; 8.000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Bight of Bonny
)
Bight of Biafra
Golfo de Biafra (
Niger
Ocean/sea sourcesGulf of Guinea
Atlantic Ocean
Basin countriesNigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
Max. length300 km (190 mi)
Max. width600 km (370 mi)
IslandsBioko

The Bight of Biafra, also known as the Bight of Bonny, is a bight off the west-central African coast, in the easternmost part of the Gulf of Guinea.[1]

Geography

The Bight of Bonny, between Cape Formosa and Cape Lopez, is the most eastern part of the Gulf of Guinea; it contains the islands Bioko [Equatorial Guinea], São Tomé and Príncipe. The name Biafra – as indicating the country – fell into disuse in the later part of the 19th century [2]

Early map of Africa depicting a region named "Biafar" in present day Cameroon

A 1710 map indicates that the region known as "Biafar" was located in present-day Cameroon.

The Bight of Bonny extends east from the

Mbini, Muni and Komo River
.

The main islands in the Bay are Bioko and Príncipe; other important islands are Ilhéu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Elobey Grande and Elobey Chico. Countries located at the Bight of Biafra are Cameroon, the eastern region of Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko Island and Rio Muni), and Gabon[4]

History

The Bight of Biafra accounted for an estimated 10.7% of all enslaved people that were transported to the Americas between 1519-1700.[

Tikar, Bakossi, Fang, Massa, Bubi and many more.[3][5] These captured Africans arrived in what would become the United States and were sold in Virginia, which held 60% of all slaves on the eastern coast. Virginia and surrounding colonies held 30,000 slaves.[6] Normally, enslaved people were cheaper when bought in Cameroon because they preferred to die rather than accept slavery.[7]

By the middle of the eighteenth century,

Old Calabar. These 3 ports together accounted for over 90% of the slave trade emanating from the Bight of Biafra.[8][9]

Timeline

Between 1525 and 1859, the British accounted for over two-thirds of slaves exported from the Bight of Biafra to the New World.[10]

In 1777, Portugal transferred control of Fernando Po and Annobón to Spanish suzerainty thus introducing Spain into the early colonial history of the Bight of Biafra.[11]

In 1807, the

Arabia from plying their trade.[12]

On 30 June 1849, Britain established its military influence over the Bight of Biafra by building a naval base and consulate on the island of Fernando Po,[13] under the authority of the British Consuls of the Bight of Benin:[14]

On 6 August 1861, the Bight of Biafra and the neighboring Bight of Benin (under its own British consuls) became a united British consulate, again under British consuls:

  • 1861-December 1864: Richard Francis Burton
  • December 1864-1873: Charles Livingstone
  • 1873-1878: George Hartley
  • 1878-13 September 1879: David Hopkins
  • 13 September 1879-5 June 1885: Edward Hyde Hewett.

In 1967, the Eastern Region of Nigeria seceded from the Nigerian State and adopted the name of its coastline, the adjoining Bight of Biafra, becoming the newly independent Republic of Biafra. This independence was short-lived as the new state lost the ensuing Nigerian Civil War. In 1975, by decree, the Nigerian government changed the name of the Bight of Biafra to the Bight of Bonny.[15]

Slave traders

References

  1. ^ "Bight of Biafra | Map, Location, & History | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  2. ^ Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926). The Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature & general information, Volumes 11-12. The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, ltd., 1926. p. 696. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Biafra, Bight of." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  4. ^ "Biafra, Bight of | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-12-02.
  5. ^ a b "NPS Ethnography: African American Heritage & Ethnography". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  6. ISSN 0022-4642
    .
  7. ISSN 0021-8537
    .
  8. ISBN 9781139502771
    . Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  9. ISBN 9780253022578
    . Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  10. ISBN 9780253022578
    . Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  11. ISBN 9780299145101
    . Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  12. ^ "African Slave Owners". BBC. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  13. ISBN 9780786401772
    .
  14. ^ "Southern Nigeria Administrators".
  15. ^ University of Ibadan. Dept. of Sociology (1980). Nigerian Behavioral Sciences Journal, Volume 3, Issues 1-2. Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, 1980. p. 11. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bight_of_Biafra&oldid=1216466071"