Bikini in popular culture

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

A photo shoot of models in bikinis

The modern bikini first appeared in 1946, and since then it has become a part of popular culture. It is one of the most widely worn women's swimsuits, used for swimming and in a variety of other contexts. Today, bikinis appear in competitions, films, magazines, music, literature, and video games. Despite the availability of more revealing glamour wear, bikini modeling remains popular and can still create controversy. Portrayals of the bikini in popular culture led, to a large extent, to its acceptance by Western society at large. In 1960, Brian Hyland's pop song "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini" inspired a bikini-buying spree.[1] The white bikini worn by Ursula Andress as Honey Ryder in the 1962 James Bond film Dr. No has been cited as one of the most famous bikinis of all time.[2][3][4][5] By 1963, the movie Beach Party, starring Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon, led a wave of films that made the bikini a pop-culture symbol. Playboy first featured a bikini on its cover in 1962. The Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue debuted two years later. This increasing popularity was reinforced by its appearance in such contemporary films as How to Stuff a Wild Bikini featuring Annette Funicello and One Million Years B.C. (1966) featuring Raquel Welch.[6] Raquel Welch's fur bikini in One Million Years B.C. became a famous moment in cinema history.[7] Hollywood stars such as Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield, Gina Lollobrigida and Jane Russell further helped the growing popularity of bikinis. Pin up posters of Monroe and Mansfield, as well as Hayworth, Bardot and Raquel Welch distributed around the world contributed significantly to the popularity of the bikini.[8]

Bikini contests

Main article: Swimsuit competition
Newsreel of a Dutch bikini contest, 1971
Footage of a Korean bikini contest, 2018

Bikini contests are a form of

beauty contests. They can take place in bars, nightclubs, strip clubs, on beaches, and at beauty pageants, as well as during intermissions of boxing or wrestling matches, and at car shows. Bodybuilding competitions may also feature bikini contest segments. It is becoming more common for women to wear bikinis at swimsuit
competitions. Bikini contests can also take place over the Internet by women submitting pictures of themselves in bikinis.

Bikini contests may be organised or sponsored by related companies for marketing purposes or to try to find and attract new talent to promote their products.

Atlanta, Georgia, and the annual Hooters
bikini competition.

Some contestants in bikini contests undergo plastic surgery for breast and lip augmentations.[10] Bikini contests can still generate controversy in some parts of the world. When Mariyah Moten competed in the Miss Bikini of the Universe pageant in Beihai, China in 2006,[11] she was the first Pakistani girl to participate in a bikini pageant,[12] creating outrage in her home country.[13][14] She also became the most photographed participant of the contest and won the Best in Media/Miss Press title.[15] A year later she was 2nd Runner-up in the Miss Asia International contest[16] and Miss Asia World,[17] and was featured on the cover of Sexy South Asian Girls 2007 calendar.[18][19]

Bikini in major beauty pageants

Miss World

Main article: Miss World

Origin

In 1951, the first Miss World contest, originally the

Festival Bikini Contest,[20][21] was organized by Eric Morley as a mid-century advertisement for swimwear at the Festival of Britain.[22] The press welcomed the spectacle and referred to it as Miss World, and Morley registered the name as a trademark.[23] When the winner Kiki Håkansson from Sweden was crowned in a bikini, countries with religious traditions threatened to withdraw delegates. Håkansson remains the first and last Miss World to be crowned in her bikini,[23] a crowning that was condemned by Pope Pius XII who declared the swimsuit to be sinful.[24][25] Bikinis were outlawed from the pageant and evening gowns introduced instead.[26] After the controversy, bikinis were banned from other beauty pageants around the world as well.[27]

Controversy

Bikinis reappeared in later contests amid additional controversy. In the 1970s and 1980s the contest was regularly picketed by feminist protesters, who distributed flyers against the indecency of the contest.[28][29] The pageant disappeared for a while and in 1996, when the Miss World contest was held in Bangalore, India, dozens of Indian groups who opposed the event claimed that the contest degraded women by featuring them in bikinis. Social activist Subhashini Ali commented, "It's not an IQ test. Neither is it a charity show. It's a beauty contest in which these things have been added on as sops." The protests were so intense that the organizers were finally compelled to shift the venue of the "Swimsuit Round" to Seychelles.[30][31][32] Countering these claims, the contest organizer says that the organization has raised £300 million for charity in many of the countries where it operates since 2000.[33] Feminist groups published fliers against bikinis in the contest in 1970.[34]

In 2013, the Miss World event is to be hosted by Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim-majority country. The country's top Muslim clerical body, the Indonesian Ulema Council, suggested that the event should be cancelled because it promotes "hedonism, materialism, and consumerism", and is nothing but "an excuse to show women's body parts that should remain covered." The organizers later announced that the bikini would be replaced by one-piece swimsuits and even sarongs, traditional beachwear on the resort island of Bali. Critics accuse the Miss World organizers of caving to extremist pressures. They point out that Bali is a destination for tourists from across the world who often wear minimal swimwear.[25]

Miss Earth

Main article: Miss Earth
Bikini in 2007 Miss Earth contest in the Philippines

Miss Globe 2012,[43]
there was not much controversy.

Miss America

Main article: Miss America

Era of one-piece swimsuits

Miss America began as a swimsuit competition between eight contestants in

Feminist protesters protested against that swimsuit in the 1960s and 1970s.[10] In 1994 Miss America Organization asked viewers to vote to decide whether to keep the swimsuit round. Viewers overwhelmingly voted to keep it.[10]

Era of the bikini

In 1997, 51 years after the bikini's debut, and 77 years after the

Miss America Pageant.[48]

Various major pageants

Founded Pageant Organizer Location Bikini allowed Bikini regulation Bikini controversy
1921 Miss America
Miss America Organization[21]
Atlantic City, New Jersey
 1997 Contestants are allowed to wear bikinis after a fifty-year ban imposed in 1947.[21] 1947: Bikinis were outlawed because of
Roman Catholic protesters.[49]
1951 Miss World Eric Morley London, England 1952 Has toned down its swimsuits to more modest designs from the bikinis of its inaugural year.[21] 1951: The first winner Kiki Håkansson from Sweden was crowned in a bikini. countries with religious traditions threatened to withdraw delegates.[26] Pope Pius XII condemned the crowning as sinful.[24][25]
1996: Miss World contest was held in Bangalore, India, but "Swimsuit Round" was shifted to Seychelles because of intense protests.[30]
2013: The swimsuit round was dropped because of Islamist protests in Bali, Indonesia, where the contest took place.[50]
1952 Miss Universe Donald Trump New York City 1997 Contestants are allowed to wear bikinis after a fifty-year ban imposed in 1947.[21] 1996: Alya Rohali, the first Puteri Indonesia was withdrawn from the competition.[51][52]
1952 Miss USA Donald Trump New York City 1997 Contestants are allowed to wear bikinis after a fifty-year ban imposed in 1947.[21]
Tankinis were provided as an option for the first (and last) time in 2000.[21]		 –
1983 Miss Teen USA
Gulf+Western
 Palm Springs, California 1997 Contestants are allowed to wear bikinis.[21] Tankinis were provided as an option for the first (and last) time in 2000.[21] –
2001 Miss Earth
Carousel Productions
 Quezon City, Philippines 2003 – 2003: Vida Samadzai from Afghanistan participating in a bikini caused an uproar in her native country.[21]

Movies

Beach party films

Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello during the Beach Party film, Beach Blanket Bingo (1965)

Beach Party films were an American 1960s genre of feature films which often starred Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon. Walt Disney reluctantly consented to Funicello, a former main cast member of The Mickey Mouse Club, wearing a bikini.[8] The series was originally intended as a low-budget imitation of both the Elvis Presley musical and the Doris Day sex comedy, aimed at the teen market, but they ended up taking on a life of their own. The "classic" series was produced by American International Pictures (AIP), and imitated in turn by numerous other studios. AIP produced a series of seven beach films:Beach Party (1963), Muscle Beach Party (1963), Bikini Beach (1964), Pajama Party (1964), Beach Blanket Bingo (1965), How to Stuff a Wild Bikini (1965), and The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini
(1966).

The 1965 AIP film

schticks, only transplanted to a ski resort in the Sawtooth National Forest. Susan Hart, wife of AIP co-founder James H. Nicholson, was in The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini and Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine as well as two non-AIP beach films, For Those Who Think Young and Ride the Wild Surf
.

The 1996 movie

Sabrina, the Teenage Witch ("Beach Blanket Bizarro") also paid homage to the series, with Avalon appearing as himself. Avalon and Funicello starred in Paramount Pictures Back to the Beach in 1987, playing off their original roles and subsequent careers. Kelly Killoren Bensimon wrote in The Bikini Book, "It was really all about Annette Funicello. If the girl next door wanted to wear a bikini, then everybody wanted to wear a bikini. We didn't want to be a bad Bond girl. We all really wanted to be the good girl." However, when Annette Funicello was cast in her first beach movie Beach Party (1963), Walt Disney, who held her contract, insisted that she only wear modest bathing suits and keep her navel covered, to preserve her wholesome persona, though she was the only one of the ample number of young women in the film not showing her navel.[53]

Film bikinis

See also: Male gaze and Princess Leia's bikini
Time magazine list of top 10 bikinis in popular culture

Micheline Bernardini models the first-ever Bikini (1946)
"

Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini
" (1960)
Annette Funicello and Beach Party (1960s)
The belted Bond girl bikini (1962)
Sports Illustrated's first Swimsuit Issue (1964)
Raquel Welch's fur bikini in One Million Years B.C. (1966)
Phoebe Cates' bikini in Fast Times at Ridgemont High
Princess Leia's golden bikini in Return of the Jedi
(1983)
The
Beach Volleyball
players (1996)
Miss America pageant's bikini debut (1997)

Source: Chris Gayomali, "Top 10 Bikinis in Pop Culture", Time online, 07-05-2011

In the 1962 film

British Broadcasting Corporation observed, "So iconic was the look that it was repeated 40 years later by Halle Berry in the Bond movie Die Another Day."[56] In a survey of 1000 women to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the bikini, Andress in her white bikini was voted "The Ultimate Bikini Goddess".[62]

It also helped shape the career of Andress,

Bond movie.[64] Andress said that she owed her career to that white bikini, remarking, "This bikini made me into a success. As a result of starring in Dr. No as the first Bond girl, I was given the freedom to take my pick of future roles and to become financially independent."[2][65][66] Because of the shocking effect from how revealing it was at the time, she got referred to by the joke nickname "Ursula Undress".[56] In 2001, the Dr. No bikini worn by Andress in the film sold at auction for US$61,500.[56]

Publicity photograph featuring the fur bikini worn by Raquel Welch in One Million Years B.C. (1966)

Raquel Welch wore a fur bikini in One Million Years B.C. (1966) that made her an instant pin-up girl.[56] Welch was featured in the studio's advertising as "wearing mankind's first bikini"[67] and the bikini was later described as a "definitive look of the 1960s".[68] She was strategically promoted to increase the value of the film by repeating "Raquel Welch in a fur bikini" five times in the trailer making it the reason to watch the film.[69] Her role wearing the leather bikini raised Welch to a fashion icon and the photo of her in the bikini became a best-selling pinup poster.[68] One author said, "although she had only three lines in the film, her luscious figure in a fur bikini made her a star and the dream girl of millions of young moviegoers".[70] When Phoebe Cates dropped her red bikini in teen film Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982),[71] it became "the most memorable bikini-drop in cinema history."[72] The bikini scenes in B.C. and Fast Times were ranked 86 and 84 in Channel 4 (UK)'s list of the 100 Greatest Sexy Moments in Film.[58] In 2011, Time listed both Welch's B.C. and Cates' Ridgemont High bikinis in the "Top Ten Bikinis in Pop Culture".[73]

In the 1983 film

collar that bound her to Jabba the Hutt, her captor, which she used to kill him.[77] The costume was made of brass and was so uncomfortable that actress Carrie Fisher described it as "what supermodels will eventually wear in the seventh ring of hell."[76] The slave Leia costume has been elevated to pop culture icon status, spawning various spoofs and parodies (including the episode of Friends, "The One with the Princess Leia Fantasy").[78]

Actresses fighting in bikinis in movies like Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle and Blue Crush have made the two-piece, according to Gina Bellafonte of The New York Times, "the millennial equivalent of the power suit."[79] The Full Throttle scene showing actress Demi Moore walking out of the ocean wearing a bikini was credited with reviving her career.[80] In the film Varsity Blues (1999), Ali Larter attempts to seduce James Van Der Beek sporting a "bikini" made of whipped cream over her otherwise naked body. In the film Not Another Teen Movie, Chris Evans tries to recreate that scene.

Bikini films

Screenshot from trailer of How to Stuff a Wild Bikini, featuring Beverly Adams

Bikini Bloodbath (2006), Bikini Cavegirl (2004), Bikini Bandits (2002, featuring Dee Dee Ramone) Never Say Never Mind: The Swedish Bikini Team (2001, featuring the Swedish Bikini Team), the bikini car wash series including The Bikini Carwash Company (1992), Bikini Hotel (1997), Bikini Island (1991), Dangerous Curves (1988), Slave Girls from Beyond Infinity (1987), It's a Bikini World (distributed by AIP, 1967), Operation Bikini (produced by AIP, 1963, featuring Frankie Avalon), and Bikini Baby (1951) are some of the many films with plotlines revolving around the bikini.

Among non-English films Yit long kau oi jin (US title: Beach Spike, Hong Kong, 2011), Bikinisesongen (US title: The bikini season, Norway, 1994), Poveri ma belli (UK title: A Girl in Bikini, Italy, 1957), and Manina, la fille sans voiles (US title: Manina, the Girl in the Bikini, France, 1952, featuring Brigitte Bardot) are some of the films that revolve around the bikini.

Movie poster

The promotional cinema poster for

Pittsburgh Press editors painted a pair of shorts over the legs.[83] There was significant speculation as to identity of the model with three models claimed the thighs in question – Nancy Stafford, Jane Sumner and Joyce Bartle – before photographer Morgan Kane identified the model to be Bartle, though the arm holding a crossbow belongs to Sumner.[82][84]

Music

As people with roots in the

Sam Phillips, came out. Dutch breakcore
musician Bong-Ra released his album Bikini Bandits, Kill! Kill! Kill! in 2003.

Songs

"

Bikini Girls with Machine Guns" is a song released by the American garage punk band The Cramps in 1990.[90]

Performances

At the

Beyoncé Knowles, winner of the VH1 celebrity bikini award in 2012, appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (February 2013) and modeled for H&M bikini line (Summer 2013), including a black two-piece bikini with tassels that she helped design.[94][95][96][97]

Concerts
Nottingham Pride, Nottingham
Lady Gaga
at
AccorHotels Arena, Paris

Music videos

Pop stars

micro bikini for "Where Have You Been".[98][99]

Print media

Magazines

Magazine covers
Pop magazine
Cover of Yank, the Army Weekly
Cover of Fantastic Adventures
Cover of Amazing Stories

Since 1964 Sports Illustrated has published an annual swimsuit issue featuring bikini-clad fashion models on the cover and in a pictorial section. The issues have become a cultural icon.[100] For the original Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, magazine editor Andre Laguerre asked fashion reporter Jule Campbell to help find a model.[101] She found Berlin-born fashion model Babette March and featured her on the cover, wearing a white bikini, wading in the surf on Cozumel, Mexico.[56] The annual Swimsuit Issue features fashion models wearing swimwear in exotic locales. Inclusion is considered a standard whereby supermodels are measured.[102] In 2005 the issue carried US$35 million in advertising.[102]

Maxim magazine
's Halloween party

The Swimsuit Issue is released around the middle of February or later. It is credited with making the bikini a legitimate piece of apparel.

Sport and Ebony Man publish their own versions, while many other magazines imitate the swimsuit issue. Spin brings out a parody of the swimsuit issues.[100]

Lowrider Magazine regularly feature bikini-clad women on the cover to appeal to a predominantly young male audience.[105][106] In 2006, Maxim magazine created a 33 metres (108 ft) wide vinyl-mesh bikini in the desert of southern Nevada, United States featuring Eva Longoria from Desperate Housewives, claiming that it could be seen from outer space.[8]

In 2011 Lilac magazine became the first Arabic magazine to show a bikini on the cover. The 22-year-old model, Huda Naccache, from

The SFWA Bulletin, Jean Rabe, resigned in 2013 over a controversy about sexism[108] in a cover image of the Bulletin, which depicted a woman in a scalemail bikini.[109]

Comic books

Comic books
Jungle girl Camilla published by Fiction House

Most artists depict

Eros Comix
.

Comic book writer and artist

jungle goddess in a snakeskin bikini.[113]

Michael Turner for Aspen Comics
is traditionally seen wearing only her bikini with barrier reef adornments.

Books

Book covers
The Emerald Bikini by Robert B. Ford, illustrated by Bill Edwards
Man Among Women by Randy Salem, illustrated by Uljegren

There have been many bikini-themed non-fiction books, such as:

  • The Bikini: A Cultural History by Patrik Alac
  • The Bikini Book by Kelly Killoren Bensimon

Bikini body tutorials include:

  • The Bikini Body Motivation & Habits Guide by Kayla Itsines
  • The Bikini Body by Kayla Itsines
  • The Bikini Boss Complete Transformation Program by Theresa DePasquale.

There also are fictional works, such as:

  • Bikini Planet by David S. Garnett[114]
  • Bikini Season by Sheila Roberts
  • When Bad Things Happen in Good Bikinis by Helen Bailey
  • The Bikini Diaries by Lacey Alexander
  • Ghost in the Polka Dot Bikini by Sue Ann Jaffarian
  • Bikinis in Paradise by Kathi Daley
  • Death by Bikini by Linda Gerber

Art and entertainment

Yugoslav bikini girls and Bengali illusionist performing in Maribor, Slovenia in 1961

Games

The

Dead or Alive games franchise.[117]

Television

Bikini News was a series of

bikini contestant.[119] Bikini Destinations, which ran between 2003 and 2011, was a US travel show that took bikini-clad anchors to places where bikinis are commonly worn.[120] Bikini Barbershop, released in 2012, was a US reality show featuring female hair stylists at work, wearing only bikinis.[121][122]

Theater

In Nissim Ezekiel's one act Indian English moral play The Song of Deprivation, the protagonist becomes a "different woman altogether" as she takes off her bikini and gets into a sari.[123]

Sports

Bikinis in sports
Kelly Kelly posing with WWE Divas Championship belt

In 1994, the bikini became the official uniform of women's Olympic

WWE Diva contest.[128] The Bikini Basketball Association is an American women's basketball league, created by Cedric Mitchell and A. J. McArthur in 2012.[129] The players wear sports bras and boy shorts, during games.[130] Commentators found it variously funny,[131] offensive,[132] and smart business.[133]

Sports leagues set up in the United States in which female players compete wearing uniforms consisting of underwear include the

Legends Football League (formerly the Lingerie Football League) and the Lingerie Basketball League. Besides all swimming events, that generally have monokini/bikini as uniform, various sports played on beach (such as beach handball, beach rugby, etc.) may also have bikini as the prescribed uniform for women.[citation needed
]

Modeling

When

leopard-skin bikini remains one of the earlier specimens of the fashion.[137]

The

Feminist activists found the ads misogynistic. Though the campaign generated widespread interest, the advertisements were dropped after protests by the National Organization for Women and female employees of the Pabst Brewing Company. The Swedish Bikini Team featured in the 2001 film Never Say Never Mind
.

Cosplay

Bikini Cosplay
American actress Olivia Munn in Princess Leia's bikini
A cosplayer at 2011 New York Comic Con dressed as Red Sonja

Actress/model Phoebe Price wore a Princess Leia slave girl bikini at the

Liana K, the Canadian co-host of Ed & Red's Night Party and well-known cosplayer appeared at 2008 Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo dressed in Princess Leia's slave girl outfit.[74][75][139]

The

comics conventions.[140]

Services

Airlines

In February 1964, Scandinavian Airlines placed an advertisement in newspapers and magazines throughout America. It featured a bikini-clad blonde model exposing her bellybutton posing on a rock above the caption "What to show your wife in Scandinavia." The image that appeared in most publications had the belly button removed to conform to the regulations.[141][142]

The Irish

Cabin crew in bikinis.[143] But when Thai low cost airline Nok Air ran a Facebook contest featuring models from the men's magazine Maxim dressed in yellow bikinis, the brand color of the airline, the Thai Ministry of Culture spoke against it for focussing on Thailand's bad reputation.[144][145] In Russia that same year, the top airline Aeroflot and low cost airline Avianova stirred up a row over bikinis in 2010. Aeroflot published a calendar featuring bikini clad and naked women holding wings, while Avianova's promotional YouTube video showing a model in bikini washing its plane became a hit.[146]

In

VietJetAir organized a bikini contest show on its inaugural flight in December 2011, and when a video of the show became a hit on YouTube the airline was fined by the country's Civil Aviation Administration in August 2012 for "local aviation regulations".[147][148] In 2009, Southwest Airlines of United States ran a Boeing 737 with a picture of swimsuit model Bar Refaeli wearing a bikini painted on the fuselage.[149][150] In Bolivia, Colombian lingerie company Ronied ran a promotional fashion show of bikini and lingerie wearing models on board a state airline Boliviana de Aviación (BoA) plane during a commercial flight from La Paz to Cochabamba in 2010.[151]

Clubs

Go-go dancers
at the Lizard Lounge, Dallas, Texas (2011)

Go-go dancers who perform as a dancer to fast, energetic, popular music are employed to entertain crowds in places such as bars, nightclubs and discothèques in a sexually exciting manner while wearing very little clothing,[152][153][154] often a bikini. Go-go dancing originated in the early 1960s, by some accounts when women at the Peppermint Lounge in New York City began to get up on tables and dance the twist.[155] Other accounts claim that go-go dancing originated at, and was named for, the very popular South L.A. rock club Whisky a Go Go which opened in January 1964.[156] Many 1960s-era clubgoers wore miniskirts and knee-high, high-heeled boots, which eventually came to be called go-go boots, to night clubs.

On 19 June 1964[157] "Big" Davy Rosenberg, the publicist at the Condor Club in San Francisco, gave Carol Doda, a 26 years old go-go dancer at the club, a monokini topless swimsuit designed by Rudi Gernreich.[158][159] She performed topless that night, the first noted entertainer of the era to do so. The act was an instant success.[158] Two months after she started her semi-nude performances, the rest of San Francisco's Broadway was topless, followed soon after by entertainers across America.[159] In 2012, the city of San Antonio amended its city ordinances dealing with "sexually oriented businesses" redefining "nudity" to include "a state of dress that fails to completely and opaquely cover...the entire female breast".[160] Whereas female dancers had previously been able to avoid being classified as "nude" by wearing pasties over their nipples, the new law required that they wear at minimum a bra or bikini top.[161]

Bikini bars are similar to go-go bars and striptease establishments except that the breasts and genital areas of the female performers or go-go dancers typically remain covered for the duration of their performance.[162][163][164][165][166]

Bars

Dancer at a bikini bar in Sacramento, California

Fort Lauderdale, Florida are attired in bikini tops and wraparound sarongs.[175] In Sip 'n Dip Lounge, USA, female entertainers swim in a pool dressed up as mermaids (wearing bikini tops), and can be viewed through the bar's glass walls.[176]

Cafes

A "mermaid" (wearing bikini top) in water at the Sip 'n Dip Lounge, USA

Bikini baristas prepare and serves coffee dressed in scanty attire such as a bikini or lingerie. In the United States, this marketing trend (sometimes referred to as sexpresso[177][178] or bareista[179][180]) originated in the Seattle, Washington area in the early 2000s. Similar phenomena have appeared in countries such as Chile and Japan since at least the 1980s.[181] At "café con piernas" (coffee with legs) style of coffee shops popular in Chile[182][183] the female service staff wears bikini, lingerie or mini skirts with high heels[184][185][186][187] and often walk on a raised ramp behind the bar counter.[188] Three well known café con piernas chains in Chile are 'Cafe do Brasil", "Cafe Caribe" and "Cafe Haiti".[189]

Your Coffee Cups, a coffee shop based in the

B cup" (12 oz), "C cup" (16 oz), and "D cup" (20 oz) sizes.[191]

Car wash

Bikini car wash at the Twin Peaks restaurant in Round Rock, Texas in 2012

fund raisers for a school, sport association (such as roller derby[192] or auto racing[citation needed]), youth organization or charity, or as commercial promotion. Women in bikinis promote the event by standing on a roadside with colorful cardboard signs or posters, and/or by washing the cars. Hooters restaurants have bikini car washes in the summer to attract customers.[citation needed] It was the theme for comedy films The Bikini Carwash Company (1992, director Ed Hansen
) and The Bikini Carwash Company II (1993).

Online

A hoax movement started in January 2014 attempted to popularize the "

biased on the subject of weight" to provoke negative reactions. The meme attracted media attention with some outlets initially reporting on it as if it were an actual trend.[193][194][195]

See also

Sources

  • Barnes, Alan; Hearn, Marcus (2001). Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!: the Unofficial James Bond Film Companion.
    ISBN 978-0-7134-8182-2
    .

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